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Plug Into Savings: The Best Meter and Control Strategies for Office Plug Loads

Rois Langner, NREL Technical Lead, Plug & Process Load Technical Solutions Team May 16, 2016

Plug Into Savings: The Best Meter and Control Strategies for Office Plug Loads

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- Presentations:

- Scott Hackel, Principal Engineer at Seventhwave

- Christopher Meek, - Associate Professor of Architecture at the University of Washington - Director of the Integrated Design Lab at the University of Washington’s

College of Built Environments

- Discussion and Q & A

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Thank you!

Rois Langner National Renewable Energy Laboratory

[email protected]

Scott Hackel Seventhwave

Reduction of commercial plug loads

ADVANCING THE LAST FRONTIER:

Scott Hackel, Seventhwave

Working with: Center for Energy and Environment and LHB

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project was supported in part by:

Minnesota Conservation Applied Research and Development (CARD)

Grant Program

C

RE

DIT

: Sam

sung

BACKGROUND AND METHOD

MONITORING

Monitored total workstation electric AND computer only

ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES

Advanced power strips: APS – Occupancy sensor APS – Foot pedal Computer power management Behavior campaign + APS Common area equipment: Basic timer CREDIT: Tricklestar

PLUG LOAD ENERGY IN A TYPICAL OFFICE

CONTROLLABLE PLUG LOADS

Over 40% of typical office plug load is controllable

Workstations make up 53% of controllable load

Common area is the rest Office equipment 30% Break room 16%

TYPICAL LOADS - TRENDS

SAVING ENERGY IN WORKSTATIONS

WORKSTATION SAVINGS

WORKSTATION SAVINGS

ENERGY SAVINGS

kWh per station

% (with 95% conf. int.)

N

Occupancy sensor

Computer power management

Foot pedal

Foot pedal + behavior campaign

67

106

42

70

21.7%

29.1%

19.0%

22.4%

± 14%

± 18%

± 13%

± 13%

95

116

74

48

PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK

APS OC APS FP CPM

IMPLEMENTING CPM

Problems with solutions: Remote access | Pushing updates | Problem software | Other IT priorities

SAVING ENERGY IN COMMON AREAS

COMMON AREA EQUIPMENT

PH

OTO

CR

ED

IT: W

ikim

edia

com

mon

s

Evaluate needs! Annual energy

usage

Desktop printers

Medium-sized MFDs

Coffeemakers

Televisions

Water coolers

170

352

548

67

386

kWh

COMMON AREA TIMER SAVINGS

ECONOMICS

COSTS + BENEFITS

IMPACT OF BEHAVIOR

BEHAVIOR CAMPAIGN + APS

CREDIT: LHB Architects

IMPACT OF BEHAVIOR

City public works APS savings alone: … with behavior campaign: Engineering APS savings alone: … with behavior campaign:

34 kWh

49 kWh 57 kWh

84 kWh

CONTEXT, CONCLUSIONS

CHECK THE CLOSET

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Engineers, desktops Non-profit research, laptops Architects, desktops

Ene

rgy

usag

e pe

r use

r (kW

h) Workstation energy

PH

OTO

CR

ED

IT: S

amsu

ng

KEY TAKE-AWAYS

Though some loads are moving out of the workstation, significant savings remains

Relatively simple solutions are available to save 30% or more

Energy efficiency advocates should make an ally in IT

There’s value in discussing behavior

FOR MORE INFORMATION Control guidance:

Computer power management: ENERGY STAR Low Carbon IT Campaign

Advanced power strips: Better Buildings: Myth Busting Market Barriers to APS

Design: Lobato et al, 2011

Plug load management: NBI: Plug Load Best Practices Guide

Guidance for researchers: Lanzisera et al, 2013

https://www.energystar.gov/products/low_carbon_it_campaign/put_your_computers_sleep

https://betterbuildingssolutioncenter.energy.gov/myth-busting-market-barriers-advanced-power-strips













http://newbuildings.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/PlugLoadBestPracticesGuide1.pdf



https://eetd.lbl.gov/publications/methods-for-detailed-energy-data-co-0













NEED MORE DETAIL?

Scott Hackel Seventhwave [email protected]

Download the study See a fact sheet and the full report: seventhwave.org/commercial-plug-load-study

Contact me:

Christopher Meek University of Washington

@ the Bullitt Center The Integrated Design Lab The Discovery Commons http://www.bullittcenter.org http:/www.joelrogers.photoshelter.com http:/www.djc.om

Better Buildings Summit: Plug Load Management Strategies from the Bullitt Center 16 May 2017 Washington, DC Christopher Meek, AIA , IESNA Associate Professor + Director Integrated Design Lab University of Washington Department of Architecture [email protected]

www.idlseattle.com

The Bullitt Center

- http://www.bullittcenter.org/ “The greenest commercial building in the world.”

Image: Architectural Record

-40,000

-30,000

-20,000

-10,000

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug

Elec

tric

Con

sum

ptio

n, k

Wh

Bullitt Center Performance Actuals, 10/1/15

SCL Power Used PV Exported to SCL PV Used by BullittSavings over Baseline Bullitt Building Use Est. Code BaselineSCL Net Meter - SVC 4 Proposed Tenant Building

Graph: PAE Engineering

Measured Energy Performance

© UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017

Daylighting!


TYPICAL BUILDING

With ENERGY

CONSERVATION

With OCCUPANT

ENGAGEMENT

DESIGN = 38%

DESIGN + PEOPLE

= 70%

Energy Conservation Measures


CBECS Climate Zone 3 Averages

Plug loads are ~ 17% on an EUI of 92 kBtu/ft²-yr (15.6) © UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017

Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings

Office Building: Seattle Energy Code 2009 (SEC, 2009) EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yr Plug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr

Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy

(SEC, 2009)

*This is based on modeling done in 2009 – I presume the wattage is dropping somewhat die to adoption of

more laptop computers.

Bullitt Center EUI ~16 kBtu/ft²-yr (Now operating ~10 kBtu/ft²-yr) Plugs alone = ~7.6 (3.1) kBtu/ft²-yr- with controls

If plug load reduction performance is not persistent over time the project will not meet net-zero operation.

Plug Load Energy in NW Buildings

Office Building: Seattle Energy Code 2009 (SEC, 2009) EUI ~42 kBtu/ft²-yr Plug loads alone = ~12.8 kBtu/ft²-yr

Plug Loads Consume Approx. 29%* of Seattle Energy Code Office Building Site Energy

(SEC, 2009)


Green Lease at Bullitt Center

• Many provisions… • Includes tenant energy budget apportioned by

square footage of leased area.

UW Leased Area: 7950 ft² Annual Energy budget: 5452 kWh Plug Load Energy Allocation: 0.69 kWh/ft² @ 150 ft²/person = 138 kWh/person-yr. @ 1300* hrs: ~80 W/workstation (average operating W) *1300 hours of estimated operation time per year per workstation **Plug load “density” = 0.53 W/ ft²


Monitors Computer 2 – 20” CFL-LCD 1 - Desktop @ 75 Watts each @ 100 Watts

2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Desktop @ 40 Watts each @ 80 Watts 160 watts

2 – 22” LED-LCD 1 - Laptop @ 14 Watts each @ 62 Watts 90 watts

typical

good (2009)

better (2010)

250 watts

Graphic: PAE Engineering

Workstation Efficiencies


Configuration

Hardware • 13 Electrical panels • 382 Active circuits • 149 Spare circuits

Software • 5 End-use categories

1. HVAC 2. Lighting 3. Plug load 4. IT Server 5. Plumbing, Pumps, FLS 6. Elevator.

• End use categories are also separated into Building and Tenant.

Building-Level End-Use Sub-Metering


Image: Enmetric Plug Load Manager/UW IDL

Device-Level Sub-Metering and Data Collection

Control: Time clock, schedule, and rule-based

Meter: Office equipment, appliances, printers, task lighting

Monitor: Visualize and inform

Web-based Real Time Plug Load Data Collection, Scheduling, and Reporting at Each Receptacle.


Image: Enmetric Plug Load Manager/UW IDL

Comprehensive Plug-Load/Task-Lighting Management

Reporting and Data Export


Approx. 120 FTE January 2015

Approx. 170 FTE December 2015

Plug Load Energy 2015


Plug Load Profile Hourly Data: Occupied/Unoccupied

Enmetric Plug Strips https://prod.enmetric.com/ Username: [email protected] Password: idl@enm

Live Demo*

* fingers crossed

https://prod.enmetric.com/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.bullittcenter.org/

Tenant Engagement


Physical and situational cues activate + support values

Communicating a Culture of Conservation


M&V and Occupant Feedback Occupant Feedback and Performance Verification

Public Building Dashboard with Touch Screen Interface © UW Integrated Design Lab, 2017

UW Integrated Design Lab http://www.cidseattle.com/idl/ http://www.aia.org

Image: Leviton Image: Legrand

Seattle Energy Code (SEC) 2015 Requires Control of 50% of All Receptacles

C405.10 Controlled receptacles (Mandatory). At least 50 percent of all 125 volt 15- and 20-ampere receptacles installed in private offices, open offices, conference rooms, rooms used primarily for printing and/or copying functions, break rooms, individual workstations and classrooms, including those installed in modular partitions and modular office workstation systems, shall be controlled as required by this section. Either split receptacles shall be provided, with the top receptacle(s) controlled, or a controlled receptacle shall be located within 12 inches (0.3 m) of each uncontrolled receptacle. Controlled receptacles shall be visibly differentiated from standard receptacles using the standard symbol required by the Seattle Electrical Code. Acceptable Control Method: (1) Occupancy, or (2) Timeclock with weekday/weekend schedule.

C409.3.6 Full-floor tenant space electrical sub-metering. In a multi-tenant building, where more than 90 percent of the leasable area of a floor is occupied by a single tenant, an electrical energy use display shall be provided to the tenant in accordance with the requirements of Section C409.4.3. Electrical loads from areas outside of the tenant space or from equipment that serves areas outside of the tenant space shall not be included in the tenant space sub-metering. A single display is permitted to serve multiple floors occupied by the same tenant.”

C409.3.4 Plug load system energy use. This category shall include all energy used by appliances, computers, plugged-in task lighting, and other equipment and devices, but not including vertical transportation equipment or equipment covered by other end-use metering categories listed in C409.3. In a building where the main service is 480/277 volt, each 208/120 volt panel is permitted to be assumed to serve only plug load for the purpose of Section C409, unless it serves nonresidential refrigeration or cooking equipment. Exception: Where the total connected load of all plug load circuits is less than 50 kVA, end-use metering is not required.

Seattle Energy Code (SEC) 2015: Requires End-Use Sub-metering Including Plug Loads


Authorized for use by MEETS AC licensees by EnergyRM 05-09-2014

Metered Energy Efficiency Transaction Structure (MEETS)


Thank you! Christopher Meek, AIA, IES Associate Professor and Director Integrated Design Lab University of Washington Department of Architecture [email protected] www.idlseattle.com

Thank You

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