pleno breastmilk

7/30/2019 Pleno Breastmilk

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Nutritional Composition of

Breast Milk


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Human Milk Facts

Isotonic Solution

milk and plasma are of similar ion concentration

Designed to protect infants chronic childhood

diseases. T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, neutrophils, macrophages

and epithelial cells aid in protection

Two forms of breast milk are colostrum and maturemilk.


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Lactogenesis

Lactogenesis is the production of human milk.

Three phases:

Lactogenesis I, II, III


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Colostrum in Human Milk

Thick, yellow fluid

Produced during lactogenesis II (2-3 days afterbirth)

Provides 58-70 cal/100 ml

High in protein, electrolytes, sodium,potassium, chloride and vitamin A

Low in fat and carbohydrate Lactobacillus bifidus factor


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Mature Human Milk

Thin and watery texture

Forms during lactogenesis III

Provides 2,730-2,940 cal/L

High in linoleic acid and cholesterol content for braindevelopment

High in fat content and lactose

Docosahexaenoic acids (DHA)

Long chain omega-3 fatty acids.

Used for synthesis of brain tissues, central nervoussystem and eyes

DHA and cholesterol not found in human milk substitutes


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Mature Human Milk- PRO

Protein

Low content

Dependent on infants age

Antiviral and antimicrobial effects

Casein

Major protein in mature milk

Casein, calcium phosphate, and other ions such asmagnesium and citrate is what makes milk appear

white.


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Mature Human Milk- CHO

Lactose

Disaccharide of galactose and glucose.

Dominant carbohydrate in human milk.

Enhances calcium absorption.

Other carbohydrates Monosaccharides

Glucose

Polysaccharides

Contribute calories Stimulate the growth of bifidus bacteria in the gut

Inhibit the growth of E. coli and other bacteria


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Specific Nutrients in Human Milk

Milk Component Early Milk Mature Milk

Lactose (g) 20-30 67

Total protein (g) 16 9

Fat% 2 3.5

Calories 0 2730-2940

Retinol (mg) 2 0.3-0.6

Caretenoids (mg) 2 0.3-0.6

Riboflavin (ug) 0 400-600

Niacin (mg) 0.5 1.8-6.0

Vitamin B6 (mg) 0 0.9-0.31

Pantothenic acid (mg) 0 2-2.5

Biotin (ug) 0 5-9

Folate (ug) 0 80-140

Vitamin B12 (ug) 0 .5-1.0

Vitamin C (mg) 0 100

Vitamin D (microgram) 0 0.33

Vitamin E (mg) 2-12 3-8

Vitamin K (microgram) 2-8 2-3

Calcium (mg) 250 200-500

Phosphorus (mg) 120-160 120-140

Magnesium (mg) 30-35 30-35

Copper (mg) 0.5-0.8 0.2-0.4Iron (mg) 0.5-1.0 0.3-0.9

Zinc (mg) 8-12 1-3

Human Milk Composition (per liter)


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Change in Milk Composition During

Feeding

Foremilk

Released first

Higher in carbohydrate

Lower in fat

Hindmilk

Resembles cream

Higher in fat

Lower in carbohydrate

Released 10-20 minutes into the feeding


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Milk Supply and Demand

First month postpartum

About 2.5 cups per day of milk is produced

4-5 months postpartum

About 3 cups produced per day

Variations in milk production

1.8-5 cups per day for women nursing one infant

Infant weight, caloric density of milk and infants age

contributes infants demand for milk.


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Related Hormones

Oxytocin

This hormone causes

the alveoli to contract

and lets the milk flow.

This is called the let

down reflex

Prolactin

This hormone uses the

alveoli to take the

nutrients from the

bloodstream and make

it into milk.


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http://www.breastfeedingpartners.org/about_breastfeeding/aagstobaby.html


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BENEFITS OF BREAST MILK

MOTHER-BABY


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NF- 14 Teaching Aids: ENC

Benefits of breast milk to the baby

Breast milk and human colostrum are made for

babies and is the best first food

Easily digested and well absorbed

Contains essential amino acids

Rich in essential fatty acids

Better bioavailability of iron and calcium


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Benefits of breast milk (contd.)

Prevents under five child deaths

Protects against infections

Prevents allergies

Better intelligence

Promotes emotional bonding

Less heart disease, diabetes and lymphoma


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1. Motherinfected

4. Antibody tomothers

infection

secreted in milk

to protect baby

2. WBC in

mothers

body

make

antibodies

to protect

mother

3. Some

WBCs go

to breastand make

antibodies

there

Protection against infection


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Benefits to mother

Helps in involution of uterus

Delays pregnancy

Decreases mothers workload, saves time and

energy

Lowers risk of breast and ovarian cancer

Helps reduce weight faster


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Benefits to family and society

Contributes to child survival

Saves money

Promotes family planning

Environment friendly


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Procedures of breast feeding


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What is effective breastfeeding?

A baby that breastfeeds effectively cues

(shows readiness) for feedings, is in a good

feeding position, latches-on (attach) deeply atthe breast, and moves milk forward from the

breast and into his/her mouth.


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Feeding cues

To feed effectively, a baby has to wake up and let

his/her mother know that he/she wants to eat often enoughin 24 hours. Watch your baby and begin breastfeeding whenyou see him/her demonstrating any of these feeding cues:

licking

rooting

bobbing the head against the mattress or yourneck/shoulder

bringing hands to face or mouth

squawking

crying - Crying is a late feeding cue, and many babies havedifficulty latching once they become frustrated and beginto cry.


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Feeding positions

It will be easier for your baby to accomplish latch-on ifhe/she is snugly in a good position for feeding. The mostcommon feeding positions include the following:

cradle - the baby is held in the crook/elbow area of the armon same side as breast to be used for feeding; mothersupports breast with opposite hand; baby's body is rolled intoward mother's body so they are belly-to-belly.

cross-cradle - baby's head is supported by the hand

opposite the breast to be used for feeding; mothersupports breast with hand; baby is rolled in towardmother's body belly-to-belly.


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football/clutch - baby's head is supported by the handon the same side as breast to be used for feeding;

baby's body is supported on a pillow and tucked underthe arm on the same side as breast to be used forfeeding.

side-lying using modified cradle - in this position, thebaby lies next to the mother with mother's and baby's

bodies facing each other. If a pillow under your arm isuncomfortable, try placing your baby in the crook ofyour arm. This way, you will not be likely to roll over onthe baby should you doze off. This position also keepsthe baby's head at a good angle to bring baby and

breast together, with the baby's head higher thanhis/her tummy, which can be helpful for babies whoare more likely to spit up.


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