2016

By: LAURA M CANO MIRANDA

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

TEACHER: LINA MARTINEZ

UT Southwestern Medical Center. (22 January2016.) "Tumor-suppressing gene works byrestraining mobile genetic elements that can leadto genomic instability." ScienceDaily.<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160122170934.htm>.

Genève University. (22 January 2016.) "A defenseprotein that causes cancer: How APOBEC, aprotein that fight viral infections, becomes adangerous mutagen when DNA replication goesawry.“ ScienceDaily.<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160122103826.htm>.

The result of disease especially cancer

and tumors, for anormal cell growth is

the result of alterations in the genetic

material , therefore specific studies on

the DNA structure, and genes

expression are base actual medicine

concerned to act before the

development of a particular disease.

These studies about p53 and APOBEC , bothadvocates of genetic stability proteins are veryimportant , and provide new molecular targets for the study of cancer and generally the study

of DNA content in cells.

INTRODUTION

TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENE WORKS BY RESTRAINING MOBILE

GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT CAN LEAD TO GENOMIC INSTABILITY

A DEFENSE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES CANCER

he P53 protein prevents tumors formation, this

checks different mobile elements that in the geneticmaterial cause genomic instability, a group ofresearchers and their leader Dr John Abrams in the UTSouthwestern Medical Center Discovery that in canceris prevalent found the p53 gene mutated.

The study allowed understand themechanism that the mutations inthe p53 gene cause tumors, and isbecause the action that the genemakes: stop transposons, mobilesgenetics elements calledretroelements, that make copies ofthemselves and move in differentpositions in the chromosome. Theexperiments made in mice withcancer and in samples from twohuman cancer (Wilms`s tumors andColon tumor) indicated that thedisabled the p53 gene, themovement of the transpasons isvery active, causing havoc in thegenoma and leading to illness.

The researchers say understanding the way in whichp53 prevents tumors can lead to the diagnosis of somecancers through p53 biomarkers and transpasonactivity.

STUDENT’S OBSERVATIONSTUDENT’S OBSERVATION

ancer a irregular cell growth with mutationsin the DNA is generated by errors during the DNAreplicación. Years ago in the organism cells wasdetected a mutagen: The APOBEC, a defenseprotein intented to fight viruses, an suizes scientistequipment with their lead Sergev Nikolaev fromthe Gineva University deciphered as this proteinexploits a weakness in the DNA human replicationand generates mutations .

APOBEC, only can modify DNA of a single chain,single-stranded (viral DNA), so the double-strandedDNA human shouldn’t be changed, the researchersobserved that mutations induced APOBEC can befound in many human cells tumor, So how doesthis? In cell division DNA is replicated producing twoidentical copies, separation of the original strandsgenerates a replication fork , where the strands arenot built simultaneously therefore is a main threadand “lagging strand”, as single chain continues for atime ,in this acts APOBEC .

It is known that the most important and wellprotected genes are replicated first, while theminor replicate later, these present majormutations, but researchers say that most mutationsfor APOBEC are harmful because the rate mutationis same for all regions, important genes also beingaffected . Scientists continue research tounderstand better how different cells tumorreplicate their DNA in healthy cells .

I think that knowing the mechanism used to DNAstructure protection for p53 is very importantBecause it gives tools to science and medicine tofutures studies of transposons, and to treat cancerbefore the development .

I think the study is important because report as a protective protein causes cancer , and lets us know Another molecular targets to treat cancer that can be use in actual medicine.

Multiple studies have focused on themolecular changes that suffers the DNA, andinvolving their genes in cancer development,becoming a tool for science and modernmedicine in the treatment of diseases inpatients

During years of studies found that DNAconsists of a double-stranded chain is thecarrier of genetic information, so theknowledge of its structure and componentsare the basis for many current studies

Consisting of three main components: acidssuch as phosphates , neutral like sugars andbasic as the nitrogenous bases its structurechanges during the different processes ofcellular life , allowing containing genes canbe expressed or not

• 4: Explicación introducción

INTRODUTION

Multiple studies have focused on themolecular changes that suffers the DNA, andinvolving their genes in cancer development,becoming a tool for science and modernmedicine in the treatment of diseases inpatients

During years of studies found that DNAconsists of a double-stranded chain is thecarrier of genetic information , so theknowledge of its structure and componentsare the basis for many current studies

Consisting of three main components: acidssuch as phosphates , neutral like sugars andbasic as the nitrogenous bases its structurechanges during the different processes ofcellular life , allowing containing genes canbe expressed or notDNA is the carrier of the genetic

information therefore is thetarget for multiples studies in thescience medicine, mainly on the

develoment cancer

TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENE WORKS BY RESTRAINING MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT CAN LEAD TO GENOMIC INSTABILITY

UT Southwestern Medical Center2016, January 22.

TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENE WORKS BY RESTRAINING MOBILE

GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT CAN LEAD TO GENOMIC INSTABILITY

he P53 protein prevents tumors formation, this checks

different mobile elements that in the genetic materialcause genomic instability, a group of researchers andtheir leader Dr John Abrams in the UT SouthwesternMedical Center Discovery that in cancer is prevalentfound the p53 gene mutated.

The study allowed understand themechanism that the mutations inthe p53 gene cause tumors, and isbecause the action that the genemakes: stop transposons, mobilesgenetics elements calledretroelements, that make copies ofthemselves and move in differentpositions in the chromosome. Theexperiments made in mice withcancer and in samples from twohuman cancer (Wilms`s tumors andColon tumor) indicated that thedisabled the p53 gene, themovement of the transpasons isvery active, causing havoc in thegenoma and leading to illness.

The researchers say understanding the way in whichp53 prevents tumors can lead to the diagnosis of somecancers through p53 biomarkers and transpasonactivity.

STUDENT’S OBSERVATION

I think that knowing the mechanism used to DNAstructure protection for p53 is very importantBecause it gives tools to science and medicine tofutures studies of transposons , and to treat cancerbefore the development .

TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENE WORKS BY RESTRAINING MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT CAN LEAD TO GENOMIC

INSTABILITY

Researchers of SouthwesternMedical Center found mutations

in p53 gene in the development of cancer.

They explain the P53 gene mechanism: checks

the movement in thechromosomes of mobilesgenetics elements called

tranpasons orretroelements preventthe genomic instability

TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENE WORKS BY RESTRAINING MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT CAN LEAD TO GENOMIC

INSTABILITY

P53

Could be used p53 gene biomarkers and transposonactivity for cancer diagnosis.

TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENE WORKS BY RESTRAINING MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT CAN LEAD TO GENOMIC

INSTABILITY

Student’s observation

TUMOR-SUPPRESSING GENE WORKS BY RESTRAINING MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT CAN LEAD TO GENOMIC

INSTABILITY

I think that knowing the mechanism usedto DNA structure protection for p53 isvery important Because it gives tools toscience and medicine to futures studiesof transposons, and to treat cancerbefore the development .

A DEFENSE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES CÁNCERUniversity of geneve.

2016 January 22

A DEFENSE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES CANCER

STUDENT’S OBSERVATION

ancer a irregular cell growth with mutations inthe DNA is generated by errors during the DNAreplicación. Years ago in the organism cells wasdetected a mutagen: The APOBEC, a defense proteinintented to fight viruses, an suizes scientistequipment with their lead Sergev Nikolaev from theGineva University deciphered as this protein exploitsa weakness in the DNA human replication andgenerates mutations .

APOBEC, only can modify DNA of a single chain, single-stranded (viral DNA), so the double-stranded DNAhuman shouldn’t be changed, the researchersobserved that mutations induced APOBEC can befound in many human cells tumor, So how does this?In cell division DNA is replicated producing twoidentical copies, separation of the original strandsgenerates a replication fork , where the strands arenot built simultaneously therefore is a main threadand “lagging strand”, as single chain continues for atime ,in this acts APOBEC .

It is known that the most important and wellprotected genes are replicated first, while the minorreplicate later, these present major mutations, butresearchers say that most mutations for APOBEC areharmful because the rate mutation is same for allregions, important genes also being affected .Scientists continue research to understand better howdifferent cells tumor replicate their DNA in healthycells .

I think the study is important because report as a protective protein causes cancer , and lets us know Another molecular targets to treat cancer that can be use in actual medicine.

A Swiss’s researchersteam deciphered themutagen character ofthe APOBEC, proteinresponsible forattacking bacterium.

A DEFENSE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES CÁNCER

APOBEC

APOBEC cause mutations in the single strand during theDNA human replication

A DEFENSE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES CÁNCER

APOBEC APOBEC

Mutations caused byAPOBEC are harmful,researchers continuestudy on this theme.

A DEFENSE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES CÁNCER

A DEFENSE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES CÁNCERStudent’s observation

I think that the study isimportant because report as aprotective protein causescancer, and lets us knowanother molecular targets totreat cancer that can be use inactual medicine.

UTILITYThe result of disease especially cancer

and tumors, for anormal cell growth is

the result of alterations in the genetic

material , therefore specific studies on

the DNA structure, and genes

expression are base actual medicine

concerned to act before the

development of a particular disease.

These studies about p53 and APOBEC , bothadvocates of genetic stability proteins are veryimportant , and provide new molecular targets for the study of cancer and generally the study

of DNA content in cells.

• 16: Explicación utilidad médica, parte bMEDICAL UTILITY

Both investigations gave a knowing howdefenders proteins by no expression of

their genes and the way that DNA isreplicated generated mutations in this.

• 17: Explicación utilidad médica, parte cMEDICAL UTILITY

Report as there are multiple mechanism of

development of a disease such as cancer

• 18: Explicación utilidad médica, parte dMEDICAL UTILITY

DNA research

generate more

molecular targets

for treating cancer

before its appearance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

UT Southwestern Medical Center. (22 January 2016.) "Tumor-suppressinggene works by restraining mobile genetic elements that can lead to genomic

instability." ScienceDaily.

www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160122170934.htm

Université de Genève. (22 January 2016.) "A defense protein that causes cancer: How APOBEC, a protein that fight viral infections, becomes a dangerous

mutagen when DNA replication goes awry." ScienceDaily.

www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160122103826.htm

Martinez Sanchez, Lina Maria. Biologia molecular.8.ed.Medellin: UPB. Fac.Medicina.