please have your bacteria and virus packet out!! thanks
DESCRIPTION
40-1 Infectious Disease What is a disease? –Any change, other tan an injury, which disrupts the normal functions of the body. What three things cause diseases? 1.Inherited 2.Environment 3. Bacteria, viruses and fungiTRANSCRIPT
Please have your Bacteria
and Virus packet out!!
Thanks
40-1 and 40-2 Notes
40-1 Infectious Disease
What is a disease?– Any change, other tan an injury, which
disrupts the normal functions of the body.
What three things cause diseases?1. Inherited2. Environment3. Bacteria, viruses and fungi
40-1 Infectious Disease
What are pathogens?– Disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or
fugus.
A. How Diseases Are Spread– 1. What is the best method for fighting any
disease? Avoid it
– 2. What are the three ways that diseases are spread?
i. One person to another ii. Contaminated water or food Iii. Infected animals
40-1 Infectious Disease
3. Sexually Transmitted Diseasesa. How are some of the most dangerous pathogens
spread?Sexual contactb. What are two examples of STD’s caused by
bacteria?i. Syphilisii. gonorrhea
c. What are four examples of STD’s caused by viruses?
i. Hepatitis Bii. Hepatitis Ciii. Genital herpesiv. AIDS
40-1 Infectious DiseaseB. Fighting Infectious Diseases
1. What are antibiotics?– Compounds that kill bacteria without harming the
cells of humans or animals2. How do antibiotics work?– By interfering with the cellular processes of
microorganisms3. What are the two ways antibiotics are produced?
a. Naturally living organismsb. Produced synthetically
4. How does Penicillin interfere with bacteria growth?– Interferes with the synthesis of cell
walls by bacteria, crippling fast-growing, walled bacteria
40-2 The Immune SystemA. Nonspecific Defenses
1. What system is the body’s primary defense against pathogens?– The immune system
40-2 The Immune System2. First Line of Defense
a. What is the job of the body’s first line of defense?– Keep out pathogensb. What is the body’s most important nonspecific defense?– Skinc. What is the purpose of dead cells at the skin’s surface?– Very few pathogens can penetrate the layers of dead
cellsd. How does the skin defend against or kill bacteria?– Oil and sweat glands in the skin produce an acidic
environmente. What can happen when your skin is broken?– Pathogens can enter your body and multiply
40-2 The Immune System
3. Second Line of Defensea. When pathogens enter your body, where are the toxins
released?– Tissueb. What is the body’s second line of defense?– Inflammatory responsec. What is the inflammatory response?– Reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infectiond. How do white blood cells fight infection?– Engulf and destroy bacteriae. What is another name for the white blood cells that
engulf and destroy bacteria?– phagocytes
40-2 The Immune System
What are the body’s 2 major nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens (hint: first line of defense and second line of defense)?o Skino Inflammatory response
40-2 The Immune System (part II)
A. Specific Defenses1. What is the substance that triggers
immune response? antigen
40-2 The Immune System (part II)1. Humoral Immunity
a. What is an antibody?– A protein that helps destroy pathogensb. What is the function of the two antigen-binding
sites?– So, tow antibodies can bind to eachc. Why do antibodies want to link viruses into a large
mass?– So, they can engulf and destroy the whole massd. What happens if the immune system can produce
enough antibodies for a particular virus?– Prevent the virus from infecting cellse. Why do antibodies bind to the surfaces of bacteria?– They mark the cells for destruction by phagocytes
40-2 The Immune System (part II)
2. Permanent Immunitya. Once the body has been exposed to a
pathogen, memory cells remain capable of producing what?
– B and T cells remain capable of producing specific antibodies to that pathogen.
b. What do these memory cells ensure?– The disease never gets a chance to
develop a second time