please have your bacteria and virus packet out!! thanks

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Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

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40-1 Infectious Disease What is a disease? –Any change, other tan an injury, which disrupts the normal functions of the body. What three things cause diseases? 1.Inherited 2.Environment 3. Bacteria, viruses and fungi

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Page 1: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

Please have your Bacteria

and Virus packet out!!

Thanks

Page 2: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-1 and 40-2 Notes

Page 3: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-1 Infectious Disease

What is a disease?– Any change, other tan an injury, which

disrupts the normal functions of the body.

What three things cause diseases?1. Inherited2. Environment3. Bacteria, viruses and fungi

Page 4: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-1 Infectious Disease

What are pathogens?– Disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or

fugus.

A. How Diseases Are Spread– 1. What is the best method for fighting any

disease? Avoid it

– 2. What are the three ways that diseases are spread?

i. One person to another ii. Contaminated water or food Iii. Infected animals

Page 5: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-1 Infectious Disease

3. Sexually Transmitted Diseasesa. How are some of the most dangerous pathogens

spread?Sexual contactb. What are two examples of STD’s caused by

bacteria?i. Syphilisii. gonorrhea

c. What are four examples of STD’s caused by viruses?

i. Hepatitis Bii. Hepatitis Ciii. Genital herpesiv. AIDS

Page 6: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-1 Infectious DiseaseB. Fighting Infectious Diseases

1. What are antibiotics?– Compounds that kill bacteria without harming the

cells of humans or animals2. How do antibiotics work?– By interfering with the cellular processes of

microorganisms3. What are the two ways antibiotics are produced?

a. Naturally living organismsb. Produced synthetically

4. How does Penicillin interfere with bacteria growth?– Interferes with the synthesis of cell

walls by bacteria, crippling fast-growing, walled bacteria

Page 7: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-2 The Immune SystemA. Nonspecific Defenses

1. What system is the body’s primary defense against pathogens?– The immune system

Page 8: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-2 The Immune System2. First Line of Defense

a. What is the job of the body’s first line of defense?– Keep out pathogensb. What is the body’s most important nonspecific defense?– Skinc. What is the purpose of dead cells at the skin’s surface?– Very few pathogens can penetrate the layers of dead

cellsd. How does the skin defend against or kill bacteria?– Oil and sweat glands in the skin produce an acidic

environmente. What can happen when your skin is broken?– Pathogens can enter your body and multiply

Page 9: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-2 The Immune System

3. Second Line of Defensea. When pathogens enter your body, where are the toxins

released?– Tissueb. What is the body’s second line of defense?– Inflammatory responsec. What is the inflammatory response?– Reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infectiond. How do white blood cells fight infection?– Engulf and destroy bacteriae. What is another name for the white blood cells that

engulf and destroy bacteria?– phagocytes

Page 10: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-2 The Immune System

What are the body’s 2 major nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens (hint: first line of defense and second line of defense)?o Skino Inflammatory response

Page 11: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-2 The Immune System (part II)

A. Specific Defenses1. What is the substance that triggers

immune response? antigen

Page 12: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-2 The Immune System (part II)1. Humoral Immunity

a. What is an antibody?– A protein that helps destroy pathogensb. What is the function of the two antigen-binding

sites?– So, tow antibodies can bind to eachc. Why do antibodies want to link viruses into a large

mass?– So, they can engulf and destroy the whole massd. What happens if the immune system can produce

enough antibodies for a particular virus?– Prevent the virus from infecting cellse. Why do antibodies bind to the surfaces of bacteria?– They mark the cells for destruction by phagocytes

Page 13: Please have your Bacteria and Virus packet out!! Thanks

40-2 The Immune System (part II)

2. Permanent Immunitya. Once the body has been exposed to a

pathogen, memory cells remain capable of producing what?

– B and T cells remain capable of producing specific antibodies to that pathogen.

b. What do these memory cells ensure?– The disease never gets a chance to

develop a second time