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Please have out notes on exhibits PacketTODAY: review key information on Unit 11, the Roaring TwentiesTO HAND IN TOMORROW: Roaring Twenties QuizNotes on Exhibits Packet

Today..Whole class discussion on 20s(look ma, no hands)Start quiz due tomorrow(I) 1920 ElectionHarding (Republican) promises return to normalcyAfter Progressivism, World War IPeople tired of reforms, warBig Republican victory

Coolidge PresidencyThe business of America is businessPro-business, free-enterprise policies:Deregulation of businesses (laissez- faire)Lower taxesHigher tariffs

Cool Calvin Coolidge:The business of AmericaIs businessHarding- Dies in office 1923(I) Farmers sufferDuring WWI- demand UP, prices UPFarmers borrow $ to expand & mechanizeGo into debtPost-WWI- demand & prices downOVERPRODUCTION & UNDERCONSUMPTION

Mass Consumption: Economic BOOMAmericans become richest people on EarthIndustry doubles 1923-1929CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY leads the way:Refrigerators, radios, phonographs, vacuums, cars

Americans love of debt beginsInstallment buying- buying on creditBuy now, pay later

Modern advertising beginsStock market speculationBull market- stocks soaringOrdinary people buy stocks on marginPay 10% of stockBorrow the restIf up, make a profitIf down, .uh-oh

Affordable AutomobilesHenry Ford- Assembly line, efficiencyBy 1924, price drops to $290Not just the rich can afford

Impact on economyOil, steel, glass, rubber, etc. neededRoads, gas stations, tourism, restaurants, hotels growOther industries copy assembly line

Social impactsWorld smaller1st suburbs- can drive to work, school, etc.World opened up in rural areas

Mass cultureRadio- families gather around each night listening to shows>10 million by 1929

PhonographMovies!Movies- Hollywood is born!Silent movies at firstCharlie Chaplin- biggest star

1927- The Jazz Singer- first talkie

HeroesMass media creates heroesSports- Babe RuthBiggest of decade- Charles LindberghFlies Spirit of St. Louis across AtlanticWritersCritical of conformity and materialismof AmericaErnest HemingwayF Scott Fitzgerald

Harlem RenaissanceAfrican American musicians, artists, and writers in Harlem (NYC)Celebration of Afr-Am heritageAfrican American writers and musiciansrecognized by white AmericaLangston Hughes- poet

From My PeopleThe night is so beautiful,So the faces of my people.The stars are beautiful,So the eyes of my people.Beautiful, also, is the sun.Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people.-Langston Hughes

(New Negro- PRIDE in separate African American culture, identity)

JazzUp from New Orleans- African rootsLouis Armstrong, Duke Ellington

JAZZRacial Tensions in the NorthGreat Migration- Afr. Ams. In northern citiesRace riots throughout north (Chicago- 38 dead)

Marcus GarveyStarts Back to Africa movementPromote Afr. Am. businessUs v. Them- racial prideBLACK POWER

FlappersNew type of woman: young, rebellious, fun loving and bold.- short hair or bobbed- short skirts - tight clothing- makeup- drinking and smoking in public

1920s- women in politics1920- 19th Amdmt.- women votingCrusade for Equal Rights AmendmentNever happens

Women asking Pres. Harding to support Equal Rights AmendmentWomen at work- 1920sAfter WWI, women leave factoriesMore middle class than ever in work force in new economyTeachers, typists, secretaries, store clerks1st doctors, lawyers (very few)

Women at home- 1920sBuy ready made clothes, not fabricHousework easierElec. refrigerators, irons, washers, vacuumsBut Ironically, often work even harderMen expect it, even if wife working

Prohibition, the noble experiment18th amendment, 1920the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquorsis hereby prohibited.

Why Prohibition?Drinking is unhealthy.Drinking is immoral.Men waste money instead of providing fortheir families.

Womens Christian Temperance Union

Temperance reform for nearly 100 years before Prohibition"Daddy's in there. Our shoes, and stockings and clothes and food are in there, too, and they'll never come out."

Effects of ProhibitionVery difficult to enforce- unpopular in citiesBootlegging making or smugglingalcohol in the U. S.Speakeasies Illegal bars flourished in the cities

Organized CrimeMafia like gangs control the distribution of alcoholBootleggers expanded into gambling, prostitution, and racketeering.

Al Capone- ChicagoNickname ScarfaceMade $60 million per year from bootlegging aloneBribed police and city officialsConvicted of tax evasion and sent to prison in 1931

Repeal of ProhibitionWhy?People still drinkingCreates disrespect for the law arrests involve Prohibition by mid-20s1933- 21st amendment repeals the 18th

The Red Scare/ Palmer RaidsHunt for communists, socialists and anarchistsInvaded homes, searched offices, jailed people, deported 1000s of foreign born radicals

The Red Scare- 1919,20- thousands of radicals arrested; foreigners deported-

Attorney General Palmers home bombed

Wall Street bombed

Sacco and Vanzetti- two Italian immigrants, admitted anarchistsArrested 1920- Braintree, robbery &murderConvicted and sentenced to death with limited evidenceSymbol of anti-foreign feelings in America

The New Ku Klux KlanHuge in the 1920sAnti immigration, Catholic, Jewish, as well as black

Limiting ImmigrationPost- WWI, millions more Europeans want to come to AmericaRise to Nativism (anti-foreigners) in 20s; Whywages will be forced downAnarchists, communists will get in

Immigrant Quota Acts- 1921, 24Certain # of immigrants from each countryNW Europe- yes! E & S Europe, Japan- no! Coolidge: America must be kept American

Relative proportions of immigrants from Northwestern Europe (red) and Southeastern Europe (blue) in the decades before and after the immigration restriction legislation.

Scopes Monkey Trial- SCIENCE VERSUS RELIGION 1925- fight over evolution being taught in schoolsconflict between rural/ urban; modern/ traditional

William J. BryanClarence Darrow