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Plateformes et algorithme Christophe Benavent @benavent http://benavent.fr Université Paris Nanterre - Obsoco

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Page 1: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Plateformes et algorithme

Christophe Benavent@benavent

http://benavent.fr

Université Paris Nanterre - Obsoco

Page 2: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance
Page 3: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

A rough taxonomy

Capital

Airbnb, blablacar, tracktor

Jobs :

ie :Task rabbit or Uber

Innovation

Ie : tensorflow or Github

Content

Ie : youtube, twitter

Material Assets

Work

Immaterial Assets

Page 4: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

New species of organization?

Individual Decision locus Collective

Agent Market Clan

Coordination level

Centralized Platform Bureaucracy

Page 5: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Governementability

Brand

Population

Platform design

Market side interaction

Page 6: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

The economics and virtuous circle of platforms

Externalitéde réseau

Long tail economics

CrowdSourcing

Multiside markets

Marchés d'appariement

Amateurs become producer and under exploited asset are new ressources.

Cross externalities

The critical size

Reputation Market

Selection, signals and trust

Matching Market

Cognitive challenge and the

prescription logic

Being able to associate people and objets efficiently

Scope Economics andthe inventorycompetition

Page 7: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Enable or control (Agiu 2014)

Page 8: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

« Par « gouvernementalité », j’entends l’ensemble constitué par les institutions, les procédures, analyses et réflexions, les calculs et les tactiques qui permettent d’exercer cette forme bien spécifique, quoique très complexe, de pouvoir, qui a pour cible principale la population, pour forme majeure de savoir l’économie politique, pour instrument technique essentiel les dispositifs de sécurité. » Michel Foucault

PopulationsAlgorithms

Policies Rules and et police

ArchitectureEmpowerment and

et restrictions

Motivations :Incitations,nudges

gamification

Page 9: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Population : a key concept

● More than crowd :– A quasi-body ( not only the agregation of

individuals)– Bute overdetermination through

technological objectivation.

● But less than a community – Heterogeneous agents : human being,

institutions, machines and ghosts– Individual interactions are a big part, but no

need of sense of belonging, or identity.

Page 10: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Flickr : taguer pour accroître l'intérêt

Page 11: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Surge Pricing : smart pricing

Page 12: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Propagating emotion (FB experiement)

Page 13: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

How to buid a recommandation system

Page 14: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics

Page 15: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

Grades and ranking

Page 16: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

From Algorithmic governementality to Governance of algorithm

Population

Algorithm policy

Platform Governementality

AlgorithmGouvernance

Redevabilité algorithmic accountability ; retro-engineering ; regulation ; (co-determination)

Affordance  and appropriation ; technical debt ; adversial learning.

Selection biaises; Hétérogénéity ;

Polarisation ; Ségregation ;

Surveillance, recommandation,

Notifications,Ranking..

Page 17: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

A word about revenues

Page 18: Plateformes et algorithme · How to buid a recommandation system. Netflix : algorithmic architecture and metrics. Grades and ranking. From Algorithmic governementality to Governance

« platformization »

● Do traditionnal organization could transform themself as platforms ? (ACCOR, MAIF)

● How traditionnal organizations could partially integrate platforms approach (after sales,...) ? (ie : Sosh, Leroy-merlin)

● How small business could integrate the platformscape ( ie : Construction industry) ?

● Do platforms are a new layer in the organization ecology (when Ikea sell through Amazon) ?

● Is it the end ?(of firms and markets)