plasma in a test tube

8/11/2019 Plasma in a Test Tube

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Even If the aim of this Instructables is not to make an advanced lesson about the plasma phisics (I'm

not able to do it), but only to teach you how to produce it, it may be a good thing to have a vague

idea of what it is.

You may be accustomed to the first three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. But there is a less

known state called plasma, that ironically, is the most abundant form of matter in the Universe.

Thats because most stars are in a plasma state.

Technically, plasma is a ionized gas that consists of a set of electrons and ions but globally neutral.

A neutral gas is dielectric (this means it can't conduct electricity) but if it is subjected to an

sufficiently strong electric field, at a sufficiently low pressure, it ionizes. It means that its particles

lose their natural electronic balance, and starts to conduct electricity.

Lightning is an example of plasma visible on earth. And since plasma is extremely hot (in a lightning itcan reach temperatures of 28,000 kelvins) is often used in industrial cutting.

In practice, all this results into a charming glow of light with a color ranging from purple to blue.

Step 2: Materials
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For this Instructables you will need the following items:

1) Some thick and big test tubes, mine was 20cm long and 2cm
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For this instructables you will also need the following tools:

1) Butane torch.

2) Heat resistant gloves (these are fundamental!)

3) Grinding wheel

4) Drill

5) Pliers

Step 4: Special equipment

The title of this step may have crushed your expectations: "Will I need some special equipment? You

said it would be easy!" Yeah and it will be! To run the device you will also need:

1) A high voltage generatorthat can push out at least 15-25 Kv at 50-200 mA.

Mine is just a simple ZVS circuit, driving a flyback transformer. If you don't know what I'm talking

about, you should check this great Instructables that I followed to build my generator:

-http://www.instructables.com/id/ZVS-Driver/ thank you so much Plasmana

-http://www.instructables.com/id/2n3055-flyback-tr...and thank you too Alex1M6
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It's really easy to do, you can even buy a ready-to-use circuit on ebay for 25$ if you are not good at

soldering. If you have it, you can even use a neon sign transformer.

2) A vacuum pump.

Vacuum pumps are expensive, thats why I'm using an old compressor form a refrigerator. I justattached a thick pvc tubing to the suction end. It works really well

Step 5: What are we going to build?

We are going to build a cilindric vacuum chamber with two electrodes. After the vacuum making,

rarefied air will remain in the chamber. By creating a strong electric potential difference between

the two electrodes, the gases inside will pass at the sate of plasma.

You can look at the picture for more details.

Watch the video in the last step to see it working!

Step 6: Preparing the cathode
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The anode block will also be our attachment for the vacuum pump. You will have to:

- Drill a hole in the cork cap, just a little tighter than brass pipe.

- Push the brass pipe all through the cap, leaving at least 5cm of pipe in the inner end.

- Wrap the wire around the outer end of the pipe, leaving a couple of cms straight.

Step 8: Mounting the cathode
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12/18


13/18


14/18
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Now it's time to set up the device:

1) Assemble the chamber. If you did everything right there should be 12cm of distance between the

two electrodes.

2)Put the chamber in a secure orizontal position. To achieve this, i made a simple plywood stand.Cardboard will do fine as well. (I flew over the base making steps, but you can see anyway some

pictures of it).

3) Attach the vacuum pump to the anode.

4) Connect the HV generator to the electrodes.

5) Run the vacuum pump.

Now everything is ready for the show!

Step 11: Watch it glow
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plasma in a test tube

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