plants. transport in plants vascular vessels- – xylem – water & minerals up to leaves –...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Plants
![Page 2: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Transport in plants
![Page 3: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Vascular vessels-– Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves– Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of
plant (products of photosynthesis)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6f2BiFiXiM
![Page 4: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Roots – absorb water & minerals• Mycorrhizae – fungi that live in roots– greatly increase surface area– Increases absorption of water & minerals
![Page 5: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq1bTduTzC0
![Page 6: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Transpiration • Adhesion• Cohesion• Tension
![Page 7: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3. Evaporation of water continue, increased rate of transpiration, so water is pulled from surrounding cells
2. As evaporation occurs, air-water interface becomes more curvedIncreases rate of transpiration
1. Water is lost by transpiration,Evaporation of water film replaces it
![Page 8: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Stomata – CO2 enters, H2O exits
• Guard cells balance need for CO2 with need to conserve water
• Stomatal density varies among species• High light exposure & low CO2 lead to
increased stomatal density
![Page 10: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• What features account for the evolutionary success of angiosperms?
• Why are the flowering plants so successful in terms of their ecological dominance and in terms of their great number of species (diversity)?
![Page 13: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Seeds
• primary means of reproduction and dispersal; an adaptation shared with gymnosperms
![Page 14: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Flowers• the flower
attracts insects, birds, and bats
• has dramatically increased the diversity of flowering plants to specificity of pollinators
![Page 15: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Co-evolution (mutual adaptation) with insects• Uses only a relatively small amount of pollen
compared due
hoverfly• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQlq5Qt
RI9o
![Page 16: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Closed carpels
• allow seeds to develop enclosed within a fruit
• protects seeds from drying out as they grow and mature
• aids in the dispersal of seeds
![Page 17: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Double fertilization
• results in the production of endosperm, a nutritive tissue that feeds the developing embryo.
![Page 19: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Vascular system
• very efficient water conducting cells, called vessel elements, in their xylem, in addition to tracheids
![Page 20: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Leaves • Broad, expanded blades are structured for maximum
efficiency in photosynthesis. • Shedding of these leaves during cold or dry spells
reduces water loss– Allows some flowering plants to expand into habitats that
would otherwise be too harsh for survival.
![Page 21: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Plant responses• Signal transduction pathways:
• Reception Transduction Response
• hormone or stimulus interacts with receptor molecule
• Relay molecules & secondary messengers
• Cell responds (i.e. turning genes on or off)
![Page 22: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Plant responses
![Page 23: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Phytochrome – found in cytoplasm• - photoreceptor - • http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/983409
2339/student_view0/chapter41/animation_-_phytochrome_signaling.html
![Page 24: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
“Greening”
Etiolation – adaptation for growing in dark
De-etiolation- response to light
![Page 25: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Phytochrome – plant pigment
2 subunits – each with polypeptide bound to chromophore
![Page 26: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Phytochrome – plant pigment
Chromophore is reversible – from Pr to Pfr Exposure to sunlight shifts Pr to Pfr
![Page 27: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Plant hormones
• Hormone – a signaling molecule produced in very small amounts that binds to specific receptors & triggers responses in target cells
![Page 28: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Phototropism
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zctM_TWg5Ik
Growth of a plant towards or away from light
Differential growth – due to auxin
![Page 29: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Auxin Plant hormone – 1st one discovered
Molecule is Indolacetic acid (IAA)
![Page 30: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Circadian rhythms – an internal clock– Physiological 24 hr cycle– Rhythms continue even under set conditions
– The 24 hr clock is set by environmental cues, such as light
– Phytochromes – – When exposed to sunlight, Pr shift to Pfr– The sudden increase of Pfr at dawn sets the
biological clock
![Page 31: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Plant survival depends on timing
• Flowers bloom when pollinators are present• Seed germination needs to occur in right
season
• How do plants know when seasons occur?• Environmental cue – photoperiod, changing of
relative lengths of day & night
![Page 32: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Photoperiodism
• Response of plant to photoperiods• - i.e. flowering of plants in response to 24 hour cycle
• Photoperiod is the length of day vs. the length of night
• Critical night length- amount of darkness needed for plant to produce flowers (photoperiod responses controlled by night length, not day length) – must be continuous darkness
![Page 33: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Short day (long night) plants- flowers when when night is longer than critical dark period
Long day (short night) plants – flower when night is shorter than critical dark period
* originally the day hours were thought to determine flowering (vs. night), but it is the length of night that is critical
![Page 34: Plants. Transport in plants Vascular vessels- – Xylem – water & minerals up to leaves – Phloem – water & food – up & down to parts of plant (products](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56649f385503460f94c54230/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Can disrupt with a flash of red light, can reset with a flash of far red light.