Landscape Architecture & Environmental Sciences

-Ar. Manisha Wagh & Ar. Avanti Gole

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

PLANTING DESIGN

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Role of plants in Landscape Design:

Visual & Functional

The visual impact of plants depend on their physical Characteristics:1.Form 2.Colour 3.Texture

Functional role of plants in Landscape:

1.Screening2.Enclosing3.Framing4.Integration5.Microclimatic control6.Environmental purposes

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

How Do Plants Screen?

• Block unattractive views.

• Consider line of sight to be screened.

• Screens observed from a distance-taller & longer.

• Denser in areas where people walk by at slower speeds.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

How Do Plants Frame?

• Plant groupings attract viewer’s eyes.

• Frame off-site views & incorporate them into the landscape.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

How Do Plants Integrate the Landscape?

• Unify the landscape and “tie it together”.

• Blend the house and other structures into the landscape.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Microclimatic and Environmental purposes.

Microclimate • Cooling of the atmosphere• Blocking harsh sun in summers and allowing in

the winter sun.Environmental purpose• Checking soil erosion • Conserving water, including rainfall.• Provide habitat for wildlife.• Supplying fuel and timber.• Limiting sound noise, reducing dust .Reducing the

velocity of wind

Canopy trees intercept the direct rays of sun and create a shadow pattern

Wind breaks are designed to intercept and deflect prevailing winds and reduce speed in the protected area.

Prevailing winds come from the north north west in the winter while in the summer the wind direction shifts to south west.

Embankments,decidous and evergreen planting, masonry walls are used together for effective sound control.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Plants are grouped under 3 categories

Trees ShrubsGround covers/Climbers

Plants are categorized according to their habit/habitat:PerennialAnnual Biennial

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Tree:A tree is a perennial plant with a spreading crown & is capable of having a single persistent woody main stem or trunk with many secondary branches with clear apical dominance.Trees can be broadly classified as:Broad leafed – has broad leaves mostly deciduousConifers –needle like leaves mostly evergreenPalms -  large, compound, evergreen leaves arranged at the top of an unbranched stem

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Tree:Trees can be planted in groves –in large areas, in rows along a compound wall, avenue, in specimen plant. Range of tree sizes:• Dwarf trees:(3 to 5m tall )-cordia

sebestena,plumeria rubra• Medium size trees (6 to 10m trees)-cassia

fistula,lagestromia thorelli• Tall trees(more than 10m tall)-cassia siamea,

jacaranda mimosofolia, millingtonia hortensis, spathodea companulata.

• Giant trees or very huge trees-Bombax ceiba,Ficus benghalensis,Samanea saman.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Growth habit of trees:

Oval:Suitable as frames or screens.Eg.Albizzia Cassia fistula,Malus floribunda,Populas alba.

Vase shaped:Can be used above large shrubs or small trees.Eg: Melia azardirach,Plumeria acutifilia, Plumeria obtusa, Saracca indica.

Populas alba

Saracca indica

Growth habit of trees:

Pyramidal:Can be used as accent plants.eg : Araucaria cooki, Pinus roxburghii, Thuja compacta,Polyalthia longifolia.

Round:Can be used in lawn as a speciman.Eg: Mimosops elengi, Plumeria alba,Clrorisia speciosa.

Pinus roxburghii

Mimosops elengi,

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Columnar:Can be used for framing views and structure.Eg:Betula pendula, Juniperus Drinensis,Quercus robus, Eucalyptus robusta.

Weeping :Can be used in landscape as focal point along water bodies.Eg: Salix babylonica, Salix alba,Putranjiva roxburghii,Callistemon lanceolatus.

Callistemon lanceolatus

Eucalyptus robusta

Umbrella/Spreading:Focal point ,shading a large area.Eg: Samanea saman,Delonix regia.

Round to spreading: Mass well to create groove effect.Eg: Dillenia Indica, Dalbergia sisso,Ficus glomerata, Thispesia populina

Samanea saman

Dillenia Indica

Shrubs:A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 3-6m tall. They usually have many stems arising at the base.Use of shrubs:• Hedges or screening of

shrubs act as visual & physical barrier.

• Aesthetical purpose –colourful foliage of plants, fragrant flowered shrubs rejunavate the senses.

• Break wind force, hiding boundary walls

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Climbers:Plants which have special structure to climb on supports are defined as climbers.Classification:Self clinging (with roots to walls or other surfaces)Clasping(by means of of thick and long serial roots.)Holding (by coils or tendrils)Twiners ((grow spirally around another plant or support)

Uses:Planted on walls,fences,arches,trellis,pergola screening the premises from adjacent houses & maintaining privacy.Barren walls can be very well decorated with suitable climbers.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Ground covers:Ground covers are the perennial plants which require minimum maintenance and are generally grown as a substitute for lawn grassesUses • Dense shade areas where raising &maintaining lawn is

difficult • Beautifying sandy or rocky soil or steep slopes & terraces.Advantages:• Cheap maintenance than lawn grasses, least labour and cost

required.Disadvantages:• Area cannot be used as an outdoor living & recreational

space which tree lawns give.Characteristics:Perennial, hardy ,low growing, covering ground densely.Ecological use:Conserve moisture &fertility of soil eg:senecio confuses,wadelia triilobata.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Grasses:Large and diverse group of useful plants ,annual or perrinial mostly herbaceous.Uses:Lawn,turf,meadows

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Texture refers to the surface quality of a plant.

• We can actually see and feel texture.

• Fine texture gives depth or increases space.

• Bolder textures stop the eye.

• For balance you need more fine textured plants to equal a bold one.

Texture refers to the surface quality of a plant.

• We can actually see and feel texture.

• Fine texture gives depth or increases space.

• Bolder textures stop the eye.

• For balance you need more fine textured plants to equal a bold one.

D i f f e r e n t t e x t u r e s

M i x e dt e x t u r e s

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

T e x t u r eThere are three types of

texture; fine, medium, and coarse.

Can be found in foliage or branching structure.

Thick tight foliage will have finer texture.

Distance of view should be considered. The farther

away from a plant the finer the texture.

III B. Arch – D.Y.P.C.O.A.

Primary colors red, yellow, blue

Secondary colors orange, green, violet

Tertiary colors red-violet, red-orange, blue-green, etc.

Color results from light penetration, absorption and reflection off an

object.

Analogous colors are adjacent

Complementary or contrasting colors are opposite

Value is the colors luminosity.Light colors or tints contain more white.

The contrast between light and shade creates depth.

Tints add lightness.

Shades add weight.

Warm colors – yellows, oranges, and reds are bright, lively and inviting. They feel closer to us.

Cool colors – blues and violets are restful. They give depth. They create an interesting background.