plant monitoring 101
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation I gave for a Plant Monitoring course I taught at the Morton Arboretum in September 2014.TRANSCRIPT
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Plant Monitoring 101
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Christopher David Benda – Visiting Plant Ecologist, Illinois Natural History Survey
Degognia Canyon – Jackson County
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Illinois Native Plant SocietySouthern Chapter
www.facebook.com/southernillinoisplants
Technical Expert
Consultant
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The Flora of Southern IllinoisPLB 451 – Plant Biology Dept.Southern Illinois University
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Introduction & Outline
• Why monitor?
• Sampling methods
• Resources
• Data analysis
• Field exercise
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Why monitor?
• Create an inventory/census
(representative sample)
• Evaluate changes over time
• Per community
• Per species
• Quantify plant abundance
• Measure restoration/management
success
• Make objective comparisons
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ObjectivesWhat is your question?
• I want to know how many species I
have on my property
• I want to measure biodiversity over
time
• I want to evaluate the natural quality of
my land
• Is there a need to be objective? (peer
reviewed journal, statistics, research)
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Selecting a Site
• Species lists
• Previous sampling data
• Aerial imagery
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The Morton Arboretum
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Aerial ImageryLeaf-on
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Aerial ImageryLeaf-off
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Aerial ImageryLeaf-on
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Aerial ImageryLeaf-off
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Monitoring ProtocolsSampling Methods
• How important is objectivity?
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Monitoring ProtocolsSampling Methods
• Releve method
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0.07% in a natural condition
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Monitoring ProtocolsSampling Methods
• Transect-Quadrat method
• Plot Design
• How many plots are necessary?
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Species-Area Curve
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Monitoring ProtocolsSampling Methods
• Transect-Quadrat method
• Plot Design
• What size plots? (depends on
natural community and vertical
layer)
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Monitoring ProtocolsSampling Methods
• Transect-Quadrat method
• Plot Design
• Nested plots?
• Patch size
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Plot Layout:
12.6 m
4 m
6.8 m
2.8 m
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Envision the futureConsistency is key!
• Pick a sampling protocol and stick
with it.
• Sample 3 times a year when possible.
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Marking the plots
Permanent plots
vs.
GPS points
Record Azimuth
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Equipment
Meter tape
DBH tape
Quadrat
Stake
Random number generator
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Conducting the monitoring• How to measure trees
• Measure on the upslope side
• If double trunked, measure as one
tree if split is above DBH
• DBH = diameter at Breast Height
(4.5m)
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Conducting the monitoring
• Laying Transect
• Percent Cover estimates
• Stem Count
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Conducting the monitoring
• Plant Identification
• Collecting methods (photography)
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Plant Resources for IllinoisField Guide Books & Websites
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Plant Resources for Southern IllinoisField Guide Books & Websites
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Data Forms
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Analyze the data
• Compare diversity (richness/eveness)
between patches
• Managed vs. unmanaged
• Compare grade A vs. grade B
• Grazing and logging influences
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Implications
• What is the canopy composition?
• Oak regeneration
• Shrub layer
• Changes over time
• Invasive species trends
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Analyze the data
• Floristic Quality Index (FQI)• http://pleasantvalleyconservancy.org/fqi.html
• Conservatism values
• Erigenia, Vol. 15• www.ill-inps.org/index.php/publications
• Species Diversity (Bowles, et al.)
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Graph courtesy of Karen Glennemeier