plant kingdom.ppt2013 2014
TRANSCRIPT
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Plant Kingdom
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Basic Plant Characteristics
1) Multicellular 2) Eukaryotic3) Cell walls contain
cellulose4) Autotrophic make food
by photosynthesis using chlorophyll
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Evolutionary Trends and Plants…
•There are 4 major groups of plants which are separated by three distinct features:
1) vascular tissue2) Seeds3) flowers
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4 Major Groups of Plants
Green Algae Ancestor
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Plant Review
• Four main groups of plants1. Bryophytes (Moss)2. Seedless vascular plants
(Ferns)3. Gymnosperms (Plants -
cones)4. Angiosperms (Flowering
plants)
SEED PLANTS
NO SEEDS
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Bryophytes
•Non-vascular plants (1-2” tall)•No true roots, leaves, stems•Transfer water by osmosis•Use spores to reproduce – grow moist, shaded areas •Ex) Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
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General Life Cycle Plants
• Two alternating phases:
1) Diploid Phase (Sporophyte)-Sporophyte makes spores
by meiosis-Develop into gametophyte
2) Haploid Phase (Gametophyte)-Produce male and female gametes by mitosis-Gametes eventually join to
form sporophyte
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Alternating Phases: Plant Life Cycle
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Life Cycle Bryophytes
• Gametophyte is dominant stage• Depends on water to reproduce• Spore protonema (tangled mass green
filaments) develop into gametophyte plant• Specific structures make reproductive cells at tips
of gametophyte plant• Antheridia = sperm and Archegonia = egg• Join create diploid zygote = sporophyte stage
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Seedless Vascular Plants
• 1st true land plants• Contain “vascular
tissue”/Use spores reproduce
• Ex) Ferns, club moss, horsetails
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Structure: Seedless Vascular Plants
• 2 Types of vascular tissue:-xylem – moves water from roots to
all parts of plants-phloem – distributes nutrients and carbohyrates (food) within plant
• Have roots, leaves, and stems-roots – absorb water/nutrients-leaves – site photosynthesis-stems – support plant and connect leaves and roots
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Fern Life Cycle
• Sporophyte dominant stage• Grow haploid spores underside of fronds in structures
called sporangia (clustered sporangia = sori)• Spores carried by wind and water grow into haploid
gametophyte• Gametophyte makes antheridia and archegonium which
release sperm and eggs.• Zygotes form adult, diploid, sporophyte.
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Gymnosperms
•Reproduce with seeds instead of spores•Seeds are “exposed” = naked seeds (cone) •Ex) “Conifers/Evergreens”–fir, spruce, ginko
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Angiosperms
•Seeds are “protected”•Seeds develop inside “flower”/”fruit”•2 groups angiosperms:
1) Monocots2) Dicots
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