plant diseases a disease is defined as any type of injurious abnormality a pathogen is any...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Plant Diseases
• A disease is defined as any type of injurious abnormality
• A pathogen is any biological agent that causes an injurious abnormality
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Plant diseases
• There are 4 types of commonly recognized pathogens– Virus– Bacteria– Fungi– nematodes
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Signs and Symptoms
• Symptom is the plants response to attack by a pathogen
• Sign is structures produced by the organism ( spore producing structures, mycelium)
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Virus
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
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TMV
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TMV
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Virus symptoms
• Unthrifty plants– Slow to grow– Mosaic light spots and stripes
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Aster YellowsActs like a virus but is a mycoplasma
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Virus indexing
• If you are buying cloned plants they will often say Virus Indexed.
• That means they are tested and proven to be virus free.
• very important when buying raspberry plants or strawberry plants
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Bacteria- fire blight
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Fire Blight
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Bacterial symptoms
• Rapid spread, can be spread by wind or insects,humans
• Soft rots producing snotty oooz
• Can be really smelly
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Fungi
Botrytis – Grey Mold
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Fungus
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Fungus
• Signs: mycelium, fruiting bodies
• Symptoms: necrotic areas, wilt when fungus attacks the roots
• Phloem blockage, xylem blockage
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Nematodes
• Root Knot Nematode
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Nematodes
• Feed on roots and allow secondary infections
• Cause small tumors on roots
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• Damage to plants by fungi bacteria and nematodes can be classified in 3 types– Direct damage by feeding– Toxins injected into the plant– From secondary infections that enter via the
physical damage caused by the primary agent
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Crop infesting diseases are troublesome because they will continue to reproduce and feed
UNTIL
• 1. The food is used up
• 2. the environment becomes unfavorable
• 3. they are destroyed by some predator/ disease
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Disease transmission
• Water is necessary for fungus infection
• Insects
• Humans
• Infected seed
• Infected soil – brought in on shoes or tractor tires
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Curing or avoiding plant disease?
• Any of the previous factors can be interrupted• Cultural control
– Roguing, sanitation, plowing plant refuse under, stirring the soil to expose egg masses, keep plants healthy, avoid smoking, regulate pH, hot water treatment of seed,
• Chemical control
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What are those letters?
• · V Verticillium Wilt Virus
• · F Fusarium Wilt Virus
• · N Nematodes
• · T, TMV, ToMV Tomato Mosaic Virus
• · BSK Bacterial Speck
• · ST Stemphyllium (Grey Leaf Spot)
• · FCR Fusarium Crown Rot