plant and animal cells

How are plant and animal cells different?

Plant and Animal CellsOBJECTIVES

DISCUSSIONEVALUATIONASSIGNMENTUNIT PLAN

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OBJECTIVESAt the end of the discussion, the students will be expected to:

i. Identify the different parts of a plant and an animal cell ii. Compare plant and animal cells.iii. Importance in knowing the different parts of a plant and animal cells.Back

What is a cell?Smallest unit of living organisms that is capable of performing life functions.

Cells can only be observed under microscope

All living things, including plants and animals, are made up of cells.

The cell as the basic unit of lifeCells are the basic units of organismsAll cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Unicellular organisms are made of one cell onlyThe cells of multicellular organisms are specialized to perform different functionse.g. mesophyll cells for photosynthesis and root hair cells for water absorption There are many different kinds of cells, doing many different jobs in a plant or animal. 3

Are plant & animal cells the same or different?

Most living things can be divided into two. Do you know what they are?To answer this question, look at these two pictures. Left is a picture of a plant cell and right is of an animal cell.

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Common Parts of Animal And Plant CellsThe outer lining of the cell which encloses all other cell organelles. also known as the plasma membrane is semipermeable.

Function:It supports and protects the cell. It also controls the movement of materials in/out of cell.It forms a barrier between cell and its environment.

Cell Membrane1. Cell Membrane

IT ALLOWS ONLY SPECIFIC MOLECULES TO PASS THROUGH AND BLOCKING OTHERS6

Common Parts of Animal And Plant Cells

It is the fluid substance that fills the cell. All the cell organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm.

Function:The cytoplasm maintains the osmotic concentration of the cells and prevents them from bursting or shrinking.

Cytoplasm2. Cytoplasm

OSMOSIS IS THE PROCESS THAT CAUSES THAT CAUSES A LIQUID ESPECIALLY WATER TO PASS THROUGH THE WALL OF THE LIVING CELL

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It is a membrane bound organelle, spherical in shape. Most of the activities of the cell is directed by the nucleus.

Function:All the cells in an animal has one complete set of genes in its nucleus. The genetic material DNA help in protein formation.Common Parts of Animal And Plant Cells

Nucleolus: It is darkly stained are in the nucleus, it aids in protein formation and RNA synthesis.Nucleus3. Nucleus:

The largest organ of the cellknown as the 'power house of the cell'. a spherical or rod shaped organelles and is enveloped by a double membrane.

Function:The mitochondria aids in conversion of glucose to high energy molecules (ATP) for the cell.Common Parts of Animal And Plant Cells

mitochondria4. Mitochondria:


It is a large network of interconnecting membrane tunnels composed of both rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum 5. Endoplasmic reticulum

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with ribosomes hence appears rough. They follow the instructions from the nucleus and make proteins the cell needs. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. It transports material through the cell and produces and digests lipids and membrane proteins.

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Ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Function: Together they help in manufacturing proteins for the cell following instructions of the nucleus.ribosomes6. Ribosomes:

They are flattened stacks of membrane bound sacs. It looks like the ER, and are located near the nucleus.

Function: Its function is to modify proteins made by the cell and pack and export proteins to the cell parts. Common Parts of Animal And Plant Cells

Golgi apparatus7.Golgi Apparatus


They are organelles for storage. Small membrane bound vacuoles filled with fluids and water are present in animals. In plant cells the vacuoles perform functions of secretion, excretion and storage.vacuole8. Vacuole

Only in Plant CellsCell wall: a rigid layer that surrounds the plant cells. It is located outside the cell membrane whose main function is to provide rigidity, strength, protection against mechanical stress and infection.Chloroplasts: It is an elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll. It is the site for photosynthesis in a plant cell. Plastids: Plastids are storage organelles. They store products like starch for synthesis of fatty acids and terpenes.

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In an Animal Cellmembrane bound organelles, they contain digestive enzymes. They break down the waste products and detoxify the cell.

It is present in animal cells. It is not evident in plant cells

Lysosome

mitochondrionnucleus

cell membranecytoplasm

vacuoleSimple Animal CellSimple Plant Cell

Cell wallchloroplast

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Plant CellAnimal CellCell WallCell wall made of cellulose is present in almost all cells. XPlastidsPlastids like leucoplasts, chloroplast and chromoplasts are present. XChloroplastsPlants cells have chloroplasts to prepare their own food. XVacuolesCell sap containing vacuoles are present.Vacuoles are usually absent or one or more small vacuoles are seen.

Comparison of Plant and Animal Cells

Plant CellAnimal CellLysosomesLysosomes not evident.Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm.NucleusDue to the presence of the vacoule at the centre of the cell, nucleus may be located at the edge of the cell.Nucleus is usually located centrally.Golgi bodiesPlant cells have many simpler units of golgi complex, called dictyosomes.Animal cells have a single highly elaborate golgi complex.Endoplasmic reticulumPresentPresent


Plant CellAnimal CellRibosomesPresentPresentMitochondriaPresentPresentCentriolesPresent only in lower plant forms.PresentNutritionCan prepare own food through photosynthesis.Cannot make their own food. They depend directly or indirectly on plants for their food.


Plant CellAnimal CellLocomotionMost plants do not exhibit movement.Most animals exhibit locomotionGrowth and developmentKeep growing throughout their life and are localized in the apical meristem.Growth stops after maturation, but body cells are replaced periodically .Cell shape and structureRigid, fixes rectangular shape.Lack rigidity, are round and irregular shape.


Similarities and Differences of Animal and Plant CellsBack

Evaluation

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer to the following questions.

1. What controls most of the cell processes and contains the hereditary information of the DNA. A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplast C. Nucleus D. Nucleolus

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2. What is a Cell membrane?

A. A thin flexible barrier around the cell that regulates transport. B. A rigid cover that provides support for the cell C. The place where light energy, water and carbon dioxide are used D. Convert solar energy to chemical energyBackNext

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3. What is the main function of the Cell Wall?

A. To protect and provide support for the cellB. Convert solar energy to chemical energyC. Build proteinsD. Takes in Carbon dioxide

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4. They are look like the ER. Its function is to modify proteins made by the cell and pack and export proteins to the cell parts.

Nucleus Ribosomes MitochondriaGolgi apparatusBackNext

5. What part of the cell is identified with the arrow?

The nucleus The ribosome The chloroplast The vacuoleBackNext

1.It maintains the osmotic concentration of the cells and prevents them from bursting shrinking.2. It is darkly stained are in the nucleus, it aids in protein formation and RNA synthesis .3. They help in manufacturing proteins for the cell.Part II. IdentificationBackNext

4. It is known as the power house of the cell.

5. It is a large network of interconnecting membrane tunnels .

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Answers:. What controls most of the cell processes and contains the hereditary information of the DNA. C. Nucleus2. What is a Cell membrane? A. A thin flexible barrier around the cell that regulates transport.3. What is the main function of the Cell Wall? A. To protect and provide support for the cell4. They are look like the ER. Its function is to modify proteins made by the cell and pack and export proteins to the cell parts. D. Golgi apparatus5. What part of the cell is identified with the arrow? A. The nucleus.

Part II. IdentificationCytoplasmNucleolusRibosomes. Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Assignment:

Draw the Plant and Animal Cells in a bond paper and label its parts.Back

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plant and animal cells

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