Syed Taimur AshfaqManagement Planning Tools

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Management Planning ToolsNeed For New ToolsIn 1976, the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) saw the need for the tools to promote innovation, communicate information and successfully plan major projects

Affinity Diagram or Affinity Chart Or K-J Method

• It was created in 1960 by Japanese anthropologist Jiro Kawakita.

• organize a large number of ideas in to there natural relationships

• This method taps a team creativity and intuition.

When to use

• When the information is completely in disordered form.

• When the information is creating problems and confusion.

• When you want to understand something completely.

• When the issues seems too large and complex to understand.

• When group opinions are necessary

Example of Affinity Diagram

Organizing the information in to there Natural Relationship

Relation Diagram/Interrelation Diagram or Network Diagram

• The relation diagram shows the cause-and-effect relationships.• The process of creating a relation diagram helps a group analyze the natural links between different aspects of a complex situation

When to use

• When trying to understand links between ideas or cause–and–effect relationships, such as when trying to identify an area of greatest impact for improvement.

• When a complex issue is being analyzed for causes.• When a complex solution is being implemented.• After generating an affinity diagram, cause–and–

effect diagram to more completely explore the relations of ideas.

Relation Diagram Example

Tree Diagram or Systematic Diagram or Hierarchy Diagram

• This tool is used to break down broad categories into finer and finer levels of detail.

• It can map levels of details of tasks that are required to accomplish a goal or solution or task.

When to use

• When developing actions to carry out a solution or other plan.

• When analyzing process in detail• After an affinity diagram and relation diagram

has uncovered the key issues.• As a communication tools to explain details to

others

Example of Tree Diagram

Matrix Diagram or Matrix Chart

• The matrix diagram shows the relationship between two, three or four groups of information.

• It also can give information about the relationship, such as its strength, the roles played by various individuals or measurements.

Different Types of Matrix • L-Shaped Matrix related two groups of items to each other or one

group to itself e.g. A to A or A to B.• T-Shaped Matrix related three groups of items such that A to B and

B to C where group C and A are not related each other.• Y-Shaped Matrix related three groups of items. Each group relates

with each in a circle.• C-Shaped Matrix relates three groups of items all together

Simultaneously.• X-Shaped Matrix relates four groups of items. Each group is

related to two others in a circular fashion.• Roof-shaped Matrix relates one group of items to itself. It is usually

used along with an L – or T–shaped matrix.

Example of Matrix Diagram

Process Decision Program Chart • The PDPC extends the tree diagram a couple of levels to identify risks and countermeasures for the bottom level tasks. • Different shaped boxes are used to highlight risks and identify possible countermeasures (often shown as 'clouds' to indicate their uncertain nature).• Using PDPC we can revise the plan to avoid the problems or be ready for the best response when a problem occurs.

When to use

• Before implementing a plan especially when the plan is complex and large.

• when plan must be completed on schedule.

Example of Process Decision Program Chart

Activity Network Diagram/Arrow Diagram or Network Diagram

• The arrow Diagram show the required order of task in a project or process

• The best schedule for the entire project and potential scheduling and resource problems and their solutions.

When to use

• When we know the steps of the project or process, their sequence and how long each task take time.

• When project schedule is critical, with serious consequences for completing the project late or significant advantage to completing the project early.

Example of Arrow Diagram

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