planetary spatial data infrastructure (psdi) - usgs · planetary spatial data infrastructure (psdi)...
TRANSCRIPT
PLANETARY SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (PSDI)
FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCTS
B. A. Archinal, J. Laura, R. L. Kirk, T. M.
Hare, L. R. Gaddis, and J. Hagerty
Planetary Data Workshop
Flagstaff, AZ
2017 June 15
See also Archinal et al. (2017) LPS XLVIII, #2286
OUTLINE
▸ Foundational data products: a component of PSDI
▸ What are foundational data products?
▸ What are PSDI foundational data products?
▸ An example: The Moon
▸ Summary
▸ A part of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI, or here PSDI)
▸ See other presentations (Beyer (Monday), Hagerty, Laura, Gaddis (today))
▸ But this only one part – taking an entirely data-centric view should be avoided
▸ Data products exist to fulfill research and exploration needs are and not a
justification until themselves
▸ Identification of foundational PSDI products should be based on their impact on
the planetary science community
THE FOUNDATION OF FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCTS
FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCTS
NATIONAL (US) SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
▸ Identified 34 data themes (OMB Circular A-16)
▸ 9 Foundational
▸ 25 Framework (Ancillary)
http://www.truenorthgeospatial.com
PLANETARY SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE▸ Three themes transfer directly
▸ Geodetic Coordinate Reference Frame
▸ Elevation (Topographic) Data
▸ Orthoimages / Orthomosaics
FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCTS
▸ Exist because:
▸ Widely used across applications
▸ Necessary to allow for integration (vertical and horizontal)
▸ Usability amplified with the integration of framework data
▸ Perhaps : `a planetary reference frame, elevation model, or orthomosaic that can be used to register and allow
integration with other spatial products’
WHAT IS A PSDI FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCT?
FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCTS
GEODETIC COORDINATE REFERENCE FRAME▸ Basis for all spatial measurement
▸ Supports scientific measurement, navigation
and timing, and traditional mapping
▸ Terrestrial vs. Extraterrestrial:
▸ Orientation model needs concurrently
developed/maintained
▸ Benchmarks vs morphologic features and
▸ More iterative process
▸ Supports data fusion
Toutatis frame and orientation model
Credit: S. Hudson, Wash. State U.
Credit: https://www.geocaching.com1039 points of Io control network (Archinal et al., 2001)
FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCTS
ELEVATION (TOPOGRAPHIC) DATA▸ Many forms
▸ Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
▸ Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs)
▸ Point Clouds
▸ Registered to (or developed with) the Geodetic
Coordinate Reference Frame
Above left: Mercury global topographic model, derived from MESSENGER MDIS
stereo. Source: https://www.usgs.gov/news/first-global-topographic-map-mercury-
released
Lower left: Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko wire frame shape model.
Source: http://learningthreejs.com/blog/2015/07/10/;
https://www.chromeexperiments.com/experiment/asteroid-viewer
FOUNDATIONAL DATA PRODUCTS
▸ For 90%+ of users - this is what you
should be using because they ‘just work’
▸ In order to just work geodetic coordinate
reference frame and elevation data are
required or are developed concurrently
▸ What are they?
▸ Geometrically corrected image
products with constant scale
▸ Can be controlled to improve
registration and determine location
uncertainty
WHY CARE? - TRY USING THE UNRECTIFIED IMAGES…
ORTHORECTIFIED DATA / ORTHOMOSAICS
Uncontrolled (left) and controlled (right, east-
looking mosaic in cyan, west-looking in red)
Mini-RF mosaics for Hermite A, a 20-km
crater. Kirk et al. (2013) LPS XLIV #2920Rectification of radar
image of Shackleton
crater Mini-RF on LOLA
topography
CASE STUDY: THE MOON
Apollo 14, https://inspirehep.net/record/1194067/plots
LASER RETRO REFLECTOR
GEODETIC COORDINATE REFERENCE FRAME
▸ Frame (latitude / longitude) via IAU recommendations, and (DE 421 with mean Earth/polar axis) ephemeris
▸ Tied to lunar laser ranging retroreflectors (5 points only)
▸ Planetary is special: geodetic coordinate reference frames are iteratively defined as data improves
▸ LOLA laser altimetry used to create accurate global frame
▸ Local photogrammetric solutions used to densify frame
▸ Earlier datasets need iteratively tied in as frame improves
▸ As a non spatial expert - this should just work
SELENOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
Latitude
AngleCenter of
MassEquator
Prime
Meridian
N
S
0˚45˚
90˚
135˚180˚225˚270˚
315˚
+90˚
-90˚
Point on
Surface
CASE STUDY: THE MOON
LOLA GLOBAL TOPOGRAPHY MODEL
ELEVATION DATA
▸ Many options
▸ Global / near global: LRO LOLA, LRO WAC stereo, Kaguya TC stereo
▸ Regional/local: Apollo Metric and (under dev.) Panoramic stereo, Chandrayaan-1 TMC stereo, LROC NAC stereo
▸ Geodetic coordinate reference frame needed, or developed concurrently (e.g. LOLA), control of images to support this
▸ Some datasets not yet (fully) aligned to LLR/LOLA frame. E.g. Kaguya (close), Apollo Pan, Chandrayaan-1
▸ Main PSDI issues are:
▸ Identifying not only available datasets, but strengths, and weaknesses and recommending standard uses for each
▸ Updating datasets to same frame
▸ As a non spatial expert – all this should just work
Source: https://astropedia.astrogeology.usgs.gov; Credit: LRO LOLA team
Northern edge of south pole / Aitken basin
Source: http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/archive;
Credit: LRO LROC team
DETAIL – LROC WAC TOPOGRAPHY
CASE STUDY: THE MOON
GLOBAL LROC WAC ORTHOMOSAIC
ORTHORECTIFIED DATA / ORTHOMOSAICS
▸ Many options:▸ Aligned to LOLA: LROC WAC, Apollo Metric and Pan,
LROC NAC, Chandrayaan-1, LRO Mini-RF
▸ Not aligned to LOLA: Lunar Orbiter, Clementine (some
soon, see Speyerer et al. this conf.), Kaguya TC
(images; topo is close), Chandrayaan-1 TMC
▸ So a triad of self supporting, foundational data
▸ As a non spatial expert – all this should just work
UNCERTAINTY
▸ A whole other issue
▸ How good are my data?
▸ Errors in the foundation dataset(s)propagate(s)
▸ As a non spatial expert - this is what you should be worried about once it all works
Source: https://astropedia.astrogeology.usgs.gov; Credit: LRO LROC Team
SUMMARY & QUESTIONS▸ PSDI is a theoretical framework, not a canned solution
▸ Foundational data products exist within a broader PSDI to:
▸ Assist in fusing all data
▸ Supporting the broadest possible user base
▸ We have identified geodetic coordinate reference frames, elevation data, and orthoimages /
mosaics. What is missed? Should other types of data be foundational?
▸ How / who will evaluate and identify foundational datasets, globally and regionally, e.g. and identify
standard uses? Who will update older datasets to same frame, iteratively if necessary?
▸ MAPSIT is actively working on the broader PSDI - we need your input
▸ Contact: [email protected] or [email protected]