UNIT 1.- PLANET EARTH

PEDRO FLORES. 1º ESO

1.- THE UNIVERSEUNIVERSE: A COMBINATION OF PLANETS, SATELLITES, ASTEROIDS, COMETS, STARTS AND GASES.ORIGIN: IN THE BIG BANG 13 BILLION YEARS AGO

GALAXY: GROUP OF STARS AND CELESTIAL BODIES THAT TURN AROUND A CENTRAL POINT. IT CAN HAVE DIFFERENT FORMS. OUR GALAXY IS CALLED THE MILKY WAY.

PLANETARY SYSTEMS: THEY ARE WITHIN A GALAXY, MADE UP BY A STAR. THE PLANETS TURNAROUND THE STAR. OUR PLANETARY SYSTEM IS CALLED SOLAR SYSTEM.

1.- THE UNIVERSE1.2.- THE SOLAR SYSTEM

THE SUN IS A GASEOUS STAR. SEVERAL PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN.4 SMALL PLANETS: ROCKY AND WITH FEW SATELLITES (MERCURY, VENUS, EARTH AND MARS)4 BIG PLANETS: GASEOUS AND WITH A LOT OF SATELLITES (JUPITER, SATURN, URANUS AND NEPTUNE)ALL OF THEM REVOLVE AROUND AN ELIPTIC ORBIT AT DIFFERENT VELOCITY

SOME PLANETS HAVE ASTROS THAT REVOLVER AROUND THEM, CALLED SATELLITESTHE EARTH’S SATELLITE IS THE MOON.

SIZE OF PLANETS AND STARS

CONDITIONS OF LIFE ON EARTH

2.- PLANET EARTH-- THE EARTH IS AN IMPERFECT SPHERE.-- FLATTENED AT THE POLES AND WIDER AT THE CENTRE.

THE EQUATOR DIVIDES THEEARTH INTO TWO PARTS:

-- NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-- SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

PEOPLE TOUGHT THE EARTH WAS FLAT. CHRISTOPHORUS COLOMBUS DISCOVERED IT WASROUNDED IN 1492.

2.- PLANET EARTH

2.1- THE EARTH’S MOVEMENTSROTATION

THE MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH AS IT TURNS ON ITS OWN AXIS.FROM WEST TO EAST.IT TAKES 24 HOURS. ITS CONSEQUENCES ARE:

-- DAYS AND NIGHTS-- TIDES

REVOLUTION

MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH AROUND THE SUN, CREATING AN ELLIPTICAL ORBIT.IT TAKES THE EARTH 365 DAYS AND 6 HOURS TO COMPLETE ONE REVOLUTION.CONSEQUENCES:-- SEASONS.-- ECLIPSES.

2.1- THE EARTH’S MOVEMENTS

2.1- THE EARTH’S MOVEMENTS

SANTA CLAUS ON THE BEACH

NEW YEAR’S EVE IN BRASIL

DECEMBER IN THESOUTHERNHEMISPEHRE

3.- GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATESTHE GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES SYSTEM IS NETWORK OF IMAGINARY LINES,

CALLED PARALLELS AND MERIDIANS, USED FOR LOCALTIN A PLACE ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE.

MERIDIANS PARALLELS

PARALLELSIMAGINARY CIRCLES

PERPENDICULAR TO THEEARTH’S AXIS

DRAWN FROM EAST TO WEST

THEY MEASURE 360º

THE REFERENCE PARALLEL IS THE EQUATOR

OTHER IMPORTANT PARALLELS-- TROPIC OF CANCER(N)

-- ARCTIC CIRCLE (N)-- TROPIC OF CAPRICORN (S)

-- ANTARCTIC CIRCLE (S)

3.- GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES

MERIDIANSIMAGINARY SEMICIRCLES

DRAWN FROM NORTH TO SOUTH

THEY MEASURE 180º

THE REFERENCE MERIDIAN IS THE GREENWICH MERIDIAN

THEY ARE INFINITE, BUT THEY ARE REPRESENTED EACH 5º, 10º OR

15º

3.- GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES

3.1- GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATESTO LOCATE ANY POINT OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE WE NEED TO KNOW THE GEOGRAPHICCOORDINATES, THAT IS, THE LATITUD AND LONGITUDE.

LATITUDE: angular distance between any point on Earth and the Equator.

LONGITUDE: angular distance between any point on Earth and the Greenwich

meridian.

3.1- GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES

3.3.- TIME ZONESTHE EARTH SPHERE HAS 360º OF LONGITUDE. THIS IS DIVIDED INTO THE NUMBER OF HOURSE THE EARTH TAKES TO COMPLETE ONE ROTATION. 360 DIVIDED BY 24 HOURS = 15º. SO, ECH HOUR IS EQUAL TO 15º OF LONGITUDE. EACH ZONA IS ONE HOR. IF YOU TRAVEL EAST FROM THIS POINT YOU ADD 1 HOUR FOR EACH

TIME ZONE. BUT IF YOU TRAVEL WEST, YOU SUBTRACT 1 HOUR.

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IN SPAIN, AT THAT TIME, IT WAS 08: 12 P.M. WHY?

SOLAR CLOCK

WHERE DOES THE SUN RISE FROM?

DIFFERENT TIME IN THE WORLD

1.- LOCATE IN A MAP TO WHAT CONTINENT AND COUNTRY EACH CITY BELONG TO. WHAT DO THESE THREE CITIES AND COUNTRIES HAVE IN COMMON?2.- IN MADRID IT’S DAY, WHAT ABOUT THE OTHER TWO CITIES?3.- DOES SPAIN HAVE THE SAME SOLAR AND OFFICIAL TIME? WHY?

3.4- PROJECTIONSCylindrical projection: translates the meridians and parallels onto a cylinder. Its the best method to represent the low latitudes (between the equator and the tropics).

3.4- PROJECTIONSConical projection: translates the meridians and parallels onto a cone. Its the best method to represent the mid-latitudes (between the tropics and the polar circles).

3.4- PROJECTIONSPolar projection: translates the meridians and parallels onto a plane that touches the Earth on one of the poles. It’s the best method to represent the polar areas.