plan type 22 houbei fac- 14sept12 update

11All Information and Images Are Open Source

George Root(410) 451‐8034

[email protected]

Updated: 14 September 2012

PLAN(People’s Liberation Army Navy)

Type 22 “Houbei”Fast Attack Craft (FAC)


VADM Cebrowski’s Street Fighter concept is alive and well….in China.

33

PLAN Type 22 FAC (NATO codename: Houbei class)

42.6 Meters (140 Feet)

All Images Are Open Source

44

Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)Length: 378 ft & 418 ft

Displacement: 2,784 & 3,000 tonsCost:

$480M (new)

Knox Class Frigate (FFG)Length: 453 ft

Displacement: 4,156 tonsCost: $194M (avg. in FY‐78)

Guided Missile Destroyer (DDG)Length: 509 ft

Displacement: 8,230 tonsCost: $1.96B (new)

Aegis Cruiser (CG) Length: 567 ft

Displacement: 9,600 tonsCost: $1.22B

Ship drawings

are to scale

Type 22 Houbei (FAC)Length: 140 ft

Displacement: 220 tonsCost:

$50M (est.)

Type 22 Houbei Size Comparison to USN Combatants

All Information and Images Are Open Source

5All Images Are Open Source 5

Yesterday’s PLAN Type 22 FAC Conceptual CONOPS

The PLAN’s

“Street Fighter”

CONOPS*

* The “Street Fighter”

was a naval strategy and CONOPs

first seriously considered by the USN in 2001.

This OSD supported concept proponed the use of numerous small, inexpensive, and networked

missile firing ships instead of a few much larger and more expensive combatants. The Street Fighter

concept evolved to the development of the larger Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) primarily because the

ability to “self deploy”

was critical to the USN’s overarching “Forward Deployed”

strategy.


Today’s PLAN Type 22 FAC Real World CONOPS

77

Earlier Version of PLAN FAC 2208


Launchers for 8 Missiles (4 each)Single AAW Gun

8

The Makings of a Houbei “Swarm”


9

4 Type 22s Executing “Swarm” Maneuvers


10

Houbei “Swarm” Attack: Simultaneous SSM Firings


11

Type 22 Swarm At Rest


12

Closer View of Type 22 Swarm At Rest


1313

The Type 022 (NATO codename: Houbei class)

New-generation catamaran (twin-hull) missile fast attack craft (FAC). The first-of-class (hull number 2209) was launched in April 2004 at the Qiuxin Shipyard based in Shanghai.

Eight contractors have been involved in the construction of the Type 022, with about 80 hulls planned for delivered by the end of 2010. Some Observers report that only 40 hulls have been delivered by mid 2012.

More hulls are expected in the next few years.

The vessel replaces the ageing Type 021 (Huangfeng class) that were commissioned between the late 1960s and early 1980s.


1414

http://www.chinasecurityblog.com/2010/02/15/chinas‐stealth‐type‐022‐fast‐attack‐missile‐craft‐from‐chinesemil‐blogspot‐com/

February 15th, 2010


1515

Specifications:• Displacement: 220 tons full load• Length: 42.6 m • Beam: 12.2 m • Draft: 1.5 m • Speed: 36 kts (unclassified number)• Crew: 12

Armament:• Anti-ship missiles: 8 C-801/802/803 (C-803 unclassified range is 200 km**)• Or 8 Land-attack missiles (type unspecified)• Surface-to-air missiles: FLS-1 surface-to-air launcher with 12 QW-3 MANPAD

missiles (Range: 0.8 – 8 km; Altitude: 4 m – 5 km) (Note: PLAN claims FLS-1 but this has not been verified)

• Guns: 1 x licensed copy of KBP AO-18 6-barrel 30 mm gun (AK-630) by ZEERI

Sensors:• Surface search radar: 1 Type 362• Navigational radar: 1• Electro-optics: HEOS 300

Propulsion: 2 diesel engines @ 6,865 hp with 4 waterjet propulsors by MARI

Type 22 Houbei Class Specifications

** Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C‐803



Looks Like Development Version of Type 22 FAC

1717

Brown Water Houbei


1818

Type 22 Houbei Underway at Speed


Note The Lack of A Conventional “Kelvin Wake”

That Would Normally

Enable Detection From Airborne and Space Based Sensors


Houbei Seakeeping??

2020

2 PLAN FACs In the Yards


2121

PLAN FAC 22xx


2222

Type 22 Houbei HullThe Type 022 features a wave‐piercing catamaran hull design known as Small

Waterplane

Area Twin Hull (SWATH). Traditional catamaran hull design provides a

large and broad decks, but it has a poor stability in high seas at high speeds. The

modified wave‐piercing catamaran, with its hull volume in the sea’s surface

minimized, becomes very stable even on choppy seas. The bulk of the displacement

necessary to keep the ship afloat is located beneath the waves, where it is less

affected by wave action, as wave excitation drops exponentially with depth.



Mixing of Foam, Spray, and Exhaust Between The Hulls And Below

The Wet Deck May Be Suppressing The Vessels Thermal Signature

2424

Type 22 Houbei 2211 Starboard Side Paint Job


2525All Images Are Open Source

Same Type 22 Houbei 2211 Port Side Paint Job

No Two Houbei Paints Jobs Are The Same –

Probably to Defeat Automatic Target

Recognition (ATR) Software In Both IRS Sensors and Weapons

2626

Tactical Camouflage for Each Vessel is Different



Type 22 Camouflage May Be Optimized Against Air & Satellite Detection


Houbei On Floatable Dry Dock

3131

PLAN FAC 22xx In Dry Dock



Note Semi‐Swath Hull and Apparent Heat Exchanger Aft on Wet Deck

Possible Heat

Exchanger to

Cool Exhaust


Type 22 Close‐up of Deck Arrangements (1 of 2)


Type 22 Close‐up of Deck Arrangements (2 of 2)

35

Houbei Navigation and AAW Radars


3636

Type 630 Soviet Style Six-barrel 30mm AAW Gun

Type 630 AAW Gun

HEOS 300 Optical Gun Director


3737

Type 22 With Apparent ESM or Countermeasure Sensors Uncovered


3838

PLAN Type 22 FAC Radar Stealth Details


3939

PLAN FAC Waterjet Propulsors by MARI


4040

C-803 (YJ-83) Anti-ship Missile


4141All Images Are Open Source

PLAN FACs Loading C-803 Missiles (1 of 2)

C‐803 ASCM in Canister

4242

4 PLAN FACs Loading C-803 Missiles (2 of 2)


C‐803 ASCM

4343

On June 24th 2010the Chinese government announced a live firing training exercise to be held in an area of Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province in the East China Sea from June 30 - July 5. The 6 day exercise warns all civilian vessels to stay out of the exclusion zone for safety purposes. With the decision to conduct a military exercise on the weekend of July 4th, the impression China is giving is that this exercise is intended to specifically target the United States.

The exercises are expected to feature numerous Type 022 Houbei fast attack missile catamarans in addition to other ships and submarines of the PLA Navy, as well as other branches of the PLA. The Department of Defense annual report on Military Power of the People’s Republic of China (PDF), the latest edition released in March of 2009, lists a count of 70 fast attack missile vessels currently in operation for the PLA Navy. The U. S. Office of Naval Intelligence report (PDF) (2010) notes there are over 50 Type 022 Houbei's in service, perhaps as many as 32 in the East Sea Fleet. The Type 022 is a relatively short ranged (500 nm) heavily armed stealthy catamaran that is thought to be utilized for swarming approaching warships and attacking from multiple axis with their 8 YJ-83 missiles.

C-803 ASCM Firings from Houbei In 2010


http://mil.huanqiu.com/china/2010-06/887883.html

http://www.informationdissemination.net/2009/08/janes-discusses-chinese-streetfighter.html

http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/China_Military_Power_Report_2009.pdf

http://www.nmic.navy.mil/Intelligence_Community/docs/china_army_navy.pdf

http://www.nmic.navy.mil/Intelligence_Community/docs/china_army_navy.pdf


Type 022s Firing YJ‐83 (C‐803) Anti‐ship Missiles (7Jul2010)

4545

Notional FAC C-803 ASCM Coverage of the Straits of TaiwanAssumptions in this rindering:•Each Type 22 Carries 8 C‐803 ASCMs•Maximum C‐803 ASCM Range = 200 km•Type 22 FACs Remain Within Coastal Islands

PLAN Could Provide Double ASCM Shooter Coverage With Only 4 of Their 82 Type 22s

4

3

1

2CHINA


Taiwan

46

Houbei Watch Stations


http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_QqlF6nBGeVc/S42pN39zezI/AAAAAAAAE58/z_48IqVq3Lc/s1600-h/4-795437.jpg

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_QqlF6nBGeVc/S42pODbzEuI/AAAAAAAAE6E/tWsGF3_yqQs/s1600-h/5-796469.jpg

47All Images and Information Are Open Source 47

Houbei Missile Team Posing For The Cameraman

Type 22s May Not Radiate During Missile Operations and May Rely on OTH

Targeting From Other Platforms and Space Assets

48

Appears To Be The Houbei Navigation Display


4949

PLAN FACs Firing AAW Guns


5050

The Chinese Navy has gone to significant lengths to reduce the

investment in any single Project 022 class FAC‐M to a minimum. This does

not just apply to equipment standards, austere though they are, but to

manpower. The Project 022 has a crew of 12 to 14 sailors, less than half

that of similar craft. At a unit cost of an estimated $50 million each, the

Chinese could afford both the financial and manpower commitment

needed to operate a very large fleet of these craft. Construction is

expected to exceed 100 hulls and may well go beyond that point.

Stuart Slade, Senior Naval Analyst

Forecast International

, 26 January 2011

Type 22 Houbei FACs As “Low Cost” Surface Combatants


VADM Cebrowski’s Street Fighter concept is alive and well….in China.

plan type 22 houbei fac- 14sept12 update

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