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KUTNU NAMAHAMEP ACABMEM NAUPMAMEK NATAKGNINEP

KINKET NAGNED KOKOP EDI NAKUMENEM GNIMMIKS AWSIS

NETALK ONRAWITNAG RUHUL IDUGNAP PMS IIIV SALEK ID

1102/0102 NARAJA NUHAT

ISPIRKS

tarays utas halas ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD anajras raleG helorepmeM nakididneP

hareaD nad ,aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP

:helO nususiD

itawainruK ineR

340422150

HAREAD NAD ,AISENODNI ARTSAS ,ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

INES NAD ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

KIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF NA

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

KUTNU NAMAHAMEP ACABMEM NAUPMAMEK NATAKGNINEP

KINKET NAGNED KOKOP EDI NAKUMENEM GNIMMIKS AWSIS

NETALK ONRAWITNAG RUHUL IDUGNAP PMS IIIV SALEK ID

1102/0102 NARAJA NUHAT

ISPIRKS

tarays utas halas ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD nakididneP anajras raleG helorepmeM

hareaD nad ,aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakididneP idutS margorP

:helO nususiD

ineR itawainruK

340422150

HAREAD NAD ,AISENODNI ARTSAS ,ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

INES NAD ASAHAB NAKIDIDNEP NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

NAHABMESREP

nakhabmesrepuk ini ispirkS :adapek

nakididnep hupmenem malad uka gnukudnem aites gnay ukaut gnaro audeK

kida ,ini - nakididnep nakiaseleynem kutnu uktagnameynep nakidajnem gnay ukkida

.ini amales aynagnukud nad aod sata hiasak amireT .ini


v

OM OT

aynhuggnuses asam imeD raneb uti aisunam - naigurek malad adareb raneb

gnaro ilaucek - nakajregnem nad namireb gnay gnaro tahesan nad helohs lama -

nagned naranebek itaatnem ayapus itahesanem tahesan - narabasek itahesanem

1:rhsA’ lA SQ( - )3


iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYREP

ayaS ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem

naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taubmem kadit

.haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk malad

raunaJ 4 ,atrakaygoY 2102 i

siluneP

itawainruK ineR


iiv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

D atanaS satisevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY h : amra

amaN itawainruK ineR :

awsisahaM romoN : 340422150

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

: ludujreb ayas haimli ayrak amraD atanaS satisrevinU

takgnineP kokoP edI nakumeneM kutnu namahameP acabmeM naupmameK na

IIIV saleK id awsiS gnimmikS kinkeT nagned S PM onrawitnaG ruhuL idugnaP

1102/0102 narajA nuhaT netalK

nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseB

malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu lah amrahD atanaS naakatsupreP adapek

kgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb ,atad aidem nala

nial aidem uata tenretnI id aynisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem

nakirebmem nupuam ayas irad nizi atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu

silunep iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem hisam amales ayas adapek itlayor

imeD .aynranebes nagned taub ayas gnay ini naataynrep naik

atrakaygoY id taubiD

1102 iraunaJ 4 : laggnat adaP

nakataynem gnaY

itawainruk ineR


iiiv

KARTSBA

,itawainruK 102 .ineR 2 acabmeM naupmameK natakgnineP . kutnU namahameP kokoP edI nakumeneM nagned kinkeT gnimmikS saleK iD awsiS IIIV PMS

naP idug L 2/0102 narajA nuhaT netalK onrawitnaG ruhu 0 .1S ispirkS .11DSU ,PIKF ,DISBP

PMS awsis naupmamek aynhadner hisam helo ignakalebratalid ini naitilenePkokop edi acabmem malad nakanuggnem nad kinket - bmem kinket .aca ini naitileneP

kutnu naujutreb nakispirksednem nagned awsis acabmem naupmamek natakgninepkinket gnimmiks naP PMS id idug L .netalK netapubaK onrawitnaG ruhu

salek nakadnit naitilenep halada nakanugid gnay naitilenep edoteM ledom ,aynhakgnal paites malad nenopmok tapme irad iridret gnay traggaTcM nad simmeK

salek nakadnit naitileneP .iskelfer nad isavresbo ,nakadnit ,naanacnerep utiay ininakanaskalid enep malad kejbuS .sulkis aud malad PMS awsis halada ini naitil

naP idug Lu halmujreb gnay 1102/0102 narajaleP nuhaT I retsemes ,onrawitnaG ruhgnaro 32 . .set nad ,aracnawaw ,isavresbo iulalem naklupmukid ataD

kokop edi acabmem awsis naupmamek awhab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH kinket nagned gnimmiks ini laH .natakgninep imalagnem arac nagned iuhatekid

sulkis adap nad I sulkis ,sulkisarp adap acabmem naupmamek ialin nakgnidnabmem hawab id hisam gnay acabmem naupmamek ialin nagned awsis ,sulkisarp adaP .II

01 ada MKK ialin gnaro MKK ialin hawab id ialin nagned awsis ,I sulkis rihka adaP . 7 idajnem gnarukreb gnaro laminim nasatnutek ialin iapacnem gnay awsis aynitra ,

61 idajnem habmatreb gnaro ialin hawab id ialin nagned awsis ,II sulkis rihka adaP . 3 idajnem gnarukreb MKK gnaro , nasatnutek ialin iapacnem gnay awsis aynitra

02 idajnem habmatreb laminim gnaro . kinket nagned ,aynnalupmiseK gnimmiks urug , idugnaP PMS id kokop edi acabmem malad awsis naupmamek naktakgninem tapad

.netalK netapubaK onrawitnaG natamaceK ruhuL naraS d gnay )1 :utiay naitilenep lisah nakrasadreb nakujai halokeS urug nad

sagut malad gnimmiks kinket nakparenem aynkiabes - atam adap acabmem sagutedi pakgnanem hadum nikames asarem awsis aggnihes aynnial narajalep - kokop edi

naacab paites malad . )2 S awsi - MS id awsis netapubaK onrawitnaG ruhuL idugnaP Pnakasaibmem ulrep netalK irid kinket nagned acabmem gnimmiks .


xi

TCARTSBA

2102 .ineR ,itawainruK ot ytilibA noisneherpmoC gnidaeR fo tnempoleveD ehT . IIIV fo gnimmikS ssalC ni stnedutS seuqinhceT yb aedI niaM ehT dniF raeY cimedacA netalK onrawitnaG loohcS hgiH roinuJ ruhuL idugnaP

DSU ,PIKF ,DISBP .sisehT A .1102/0102

detavitom saw hcraeser sihT ytiliba wol ’stneduts loohcS hgiH roinuJ eht yb ot demia saw hcraeser sihT .seuqinhcet gnidaer eht gnisu ni dna saedi niam gnidaer ni idugnaP ni gnimmiks yb ytiliba gnidaer ’stneduts eht fo tnempoleved eht ebircsed

etalK onrawitnaG loohcS hgiH roinuJ ruhuL .n simmeK htiw hcraeser noitca moorssalc saw hcraeser siht ni desu dohtem ehT .e.i ,egats yreve ni stnenopmoc ruof fo detsisnoc taht sledom traggaTcM dna saw hcraeser noitca moorssalc sihT .noitcelfer dna ,noitavresbo ,noitca ,gninnalp

cyc owt ni detcudnoc idugnaP fo stneduts 32 saw hcraeser siht ni tcejbus ehT .sel ehT .1102/0102 raey cimedaca I retsemes ,onrawitnaG loohcS hgiH roinuJ ruhuL

.stset dna ,sweivretni ,snoitavresbo yb detcelloc erew atad niam daer ot ytiliba ’stneduts eht taht dewohs tluser ehT gnimmiks yb saedi

lliks gnidaer eht fo serocs eht gnirapmoc yb tuo dnuof eb dluoc tI .retteb gnitteg sawerp ni - erp nI .II elcyc dna ,I elcyc ,elcyc - eht htiw stneduts 01 erew ereht ,elcyc

lcyc fo dne eht tA .)erocS gnissaP muminiM( MKK rednu serocs gnidaer ereht ,I e 61 erew ereht taht snaem tI .MKK rednu serocs gnidaer eht htiw stneduts 7 erew ,II elcyc fo dne eht tA .)MKK( erocs gnissap muminim eht teem dluoc ohw stneduts 02 erew ereht taht snaem tI .MKK rednu serocs gnidaer eht htiw stneduts 3 erew ereht taht dedulcnoc eb dluoc tI .erocs gnissap muminim eht teem dluoc ohw stneduts ni gnimmiks yb saedi niam daer ot ytiliba ’stneduts eht evorpmi dluoc srehcaet

.netalK onrawitnaG loohcS hgiH roinuJ ruhuL idugnaP ew ereht ,hcraeser siht fo stluser eht no desaB :snoitseggus lareves er

ot sksat gnidaer gnivig nehw gnimmiks fo euqinhcet eht ylppa dluohs srehcaet)1( )2( .ylisae txet gnidaer yreve ni saedi niam eht psarg dluoc stneduts taht os stneduts

onrawitnaG loohcS hgiH roinuJ ruhuL idugnaP eht fo stneduts eht teg dluohs netalK .gnimmiks yb gnidaer ot desu


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

gnay ,asE ahaM gnaY nahuT taridah ek naktajnap silunep rukuys ijuP

apmilem asaitnanes Nhayadih nad qifuat ,tamhar nakh silunep aggnihes ay tapad

luduj nagned ispirkS nanusuynep nakiaseleynem naupmameK natakgnineP :

kinkeT nagned kokoP edI nakumeneM kutnU namahameP acabmeM gnimmikS

narajA nuhaT netalK onrawitnaG ruhuL idugnaP PMS IIIV saleK iD awsiS

.1102/0102

raleg naktapadnem malad nataraysrep ihunemem kutnu silutid ini ispirkS

dnep anajraS nad naurugeK satlukaF id hareaD nad aisenodnI artsaS ,asahaB nakidi

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU nakididneP umlI

nad nagnukud ,nautnab takreb aguj nakiaselesid tapad ini ispirkS nasiluneP

nep ini natapmesek adap ,uti nagnubuheS .kahip iagabreb irad nagnibmib silu

:adapek hisak amiret nakiapmaynem

.1 dP.M ,nimraK .Y .rD . silunep nakharagnem nad gnibmibmem aidesreb gnay

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad

.2 malad silunep nakharagnem nad gnibmibmem aideseb gnay idakuS .G .srD

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.3 nesoD araP nad umli iagabreb nagned silunep ilakebmem halet gnay DISBP

.nauhategnep

.4 halet gnay silunep inayalem nad utnabmem hadus gnay ,idaduS .XF

.isartsinimda tafisreb gnay lah iagabreb isurugnem


ix

.5 tres isidnok nakatpicnem halet gnay amrahD atanaS satisrevinU kahiP a

nad iduts malad gnukudnem gnay satilisaf iagabreb nakaideynem

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.6 idajnem ulales gnay inramuS nad idayluM ,atnicret ukubI nad kapaB

nad nakaodnem halel hanrep kadit ,ukpudih malad tagnameynep

spirks nakiaseleynem malad uknaktaugnem ,ini i

.7 ruhuL idugnaP PMS halokeS alapeK ukales ododiW irS sudranoeL .srD

nakadagnem kutnu silunep adapek natapmesek nakirebmem nad onrawitnaG

nakiaselesid nad nususid areges tapad ini ispirks aggnihes naitilenep

.8 odnI asahaB urug ukales dP.S ,onoyirT nawI idugnaP PMS IIIV salek aisen

natapmesek irebmem nad naknijignem aidesreb halet gnay onrawitnaG ruhuL

areges tapad ispirks aggnihes naitilenep nakadagnem kutnu silunep adapek

.nakiaselesid nad nususid

.9 reb halet gnay ruhuL idugnaP PMS IIIV salek awsis awsiS utnabmem aides

.naitilenep nakanaskalem kutnu silunep

.01 halet gnay onrawitnaG ruhuL iduggnaP PMS nawayraK nad urug panegeS

ruhiliduggnaP PMS id naitilenep nakanaskalem silunep utnabmem

.onrawitnaG

.11 d nanayalep nakirebmem gnay DSU naakatsupreP nawayrak huruleS na

.silunep adapek ukub namajnimep nautnab


iix

.21 kidA - ulales gnay otnatraH sI irT rajaF nad onoyhaC tiggnA naitpeS ukkida

ispirks nakiaseleynem malad isavitom atres aod ,tagnames ,tahisan irebmem

.ini

.31 tabahaS - aN anivla ,itutsA irT atinareV htebasilE ,uktabahas oroW ,iraS ainaht

,ineharguN ytseH ,irtifaS naiD ineY ,airotauqE amirP ataeB ,itnasuS hadnI

utas tubes silunep tapad kadit gnay aynial tabahas atres ,gnanI htebasilE

.akud nupuam akus malad naamasrebek nad aod sata hisak amiret ,utasrep

.41 nameT - DISBP namet kida nad 5002 natakgna - .nagnaujrepes kida

.51 halet gnay utasrep utas naktubes silunep tapad kadit gnay kahip aumeS

nakiaseleynem malad silunep igab nautnab nad ,nagnukud ,aod nakirebmem

.ini ispirks

habmanem nad acabmep igab taafnamreb ini ispirks agomeS

gnep nauhate asahaB narajalep atam aynsusuhk ,nakididnep ainud gnatnet

nad anrupmes irad huaj ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP .aisenodnI

amirenem itah gnanes nagned silunep ,uti anerak heO .nagnarukek kaynab

alad acabmep irad nugnabmem gnay naras nad kitirk kutnu nupapa kutneb m

.ini ispirks naanrupmesek

2102 iraunaJ 4 ,atrakaygoY

siluneP

itawainruK ineR


iiix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ............... ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ............. iii

NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......... vi

OTTOM ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... v

NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAITILENEP ................................ ................... iv

RABMEL NAUJUTESREP HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP ........................ iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... iiiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ......................... x

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... iiix

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................... ivx

RABMAG RATFAD ........................................................................................... iivx

BAB NAULUHADNEP I ................................ ................................ ................. 1

.A gnakaleB rataL ................................ ................................ ................ 1

.B halasaM nasatabmeP ................................ ................................ ....... 3

.C halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ........... 3

.D naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ............ 4

.E naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ .......... 4

.F halitsI nasataB ................................ ................................ ................. 4


vix

.G naijayneP akitametsiS ................................ ................................ ..... 5

AKATSUP NAUAJNIT II BAB ................................ ................................ ........ 7

.A naveleR gnay naitileneP ................................ ................................ .. 7

.B iroeT nasadnaL

.1 acabmeM namahameP ................................ ............................... 11

.2 acabmeM gnimmikS ................................ ................................ ... 31

.C PMS id acabmeM narajalebmeP ................................ ..................... 91

.D rikipreB akgnareK ................................ ................................ ........... 32

.E nakadniT sisetopiH ................................ ................................ .......... 52

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM III BAB .…………………………………… 62

.A naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ ................. 62

.B naitileneP tapmeT nad utkaW ................................ .......................... 72

.C naitileneP kejbuS ................................ ................................ .............. 72

.D talA nad kinkeT ataD nalupmugneP ................................ ................ 82

.E naitileneP rudesorP ................................ ................................ ........... 92

………………………NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH VI BAB 04

.A ataD ispirkseD ................................ ................................ .................. 04

.1 sulkisarP ataD ................................ ................................ ........... 04

.2 I sulkiS ataD ................................ ................................ ............... 24

.3 II sulkiS ataD ................................ ................................ ............. 34

.B ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ .................... 54

.1 I sulkiS nad sulkisarP nagnidnabreP ................................ .......... 54


vx

.2 nad I sulkiS nagnidnabreP II sulkiS ................................ ........... 74

.C nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ ..................... 05

NARAS NAD ISAKILPMI ,NALUPMISEK V BAB ................................ ... 55

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ .................... 55

.B isakilpmI ................................ ................................ ......................... 56

.C naraS - naras ................................ ................................ ...................... 57

AKATSUP RATFAD 95

NARIPMAL 61

ATADOIB 11 5


ivx

LEBAT RATFAD

sulkisarP ataD .1 lebaT ................................ ................................ ......................... 04

I sulkiS ataD .2 lebaT ................................ ................................ ............................ 14

II sulkiS ataD .3 lebaT ................................ ................................ .......................... 34

I sulkis nad sulkisarp nagnidnabreP .4 lebaT ................................ ........................ 54

II sulkis nad I sulkiS nagnidnabreP.5 lebaT ................................ .......................... 84

II sulkis nad ,I sulkiS ,sulkisarP naasahabmeP.6 lebaT ................................ ........ 05


iivx

RABMAG RATFAD

.1 rabmaG laripS rutkurtS traggaT nad simmeK ................................ .................. 72


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

asahabreb nalipmaretek nad naupmamek nagnabmegnep nad naanibmeP

,asahabreb nalipmaretek sinej tapme adap isatneiroreb halokes id nakukalid gnay

ibreb ,kamiynem utiay nalipmaretek tapmeeK .silunem nad ,acabmem ,arac

takgnit nagnabmekreP .nial gnay nagned utas tare nagnubuhreb tubesret asahabreb

gnisam malad awsis asahabreb nalipmaretek naasaugnep - nalipmaretek gnisam

eb nalipmaretek naasaugnep ihuragnepmem naka asahabreb .nial gnay asahabr

utas nakapurem tubesret asahabreb nalipmaretek narajagnep ,nial atak nagneD

.nautasek

are adap igolonket nad nauhategnep umli nagnabmekrep nagned nalajeS

tagnas gnay isisop ikududnem acabmem ,ini gnarakes isakinumok nad isamrofni

nitnep nakapurem aguj acabmeM .aisunam tamu napudihek sketnok malad g

naujamek hiarem nanigniekreb gnay ajas anam id nad ajas apais igab natabmej

.naajrekep gnadib iagabreb malad naseskusek nad

.aisenodnI id itanimid gnaruk acabmem nataigek ,naikimed nupikseM laH

iduts lisaH .hadner hisam gnay aisenodnI kana acab tanim nagned nakitkubid ini

helo nakraulekid gnay nanuhat amil ycaretiL gnidaeR lanoitanretnI ni ssergorP

ydutS ,)DS( rasad halokes awsis naktabilem gnay ,6002 nuhat adap )SLRIP(

odnI naktapmenem aynah nakidajid gnay aragen 04 irad 63 isisop adap aisen


2

iagabes gnadnapid acabmem nataigeK .)0102 iluJ 7 ,akilbupeR( naitilenep lepmas

awsis helo kiranem gnaruk gnay nataigek - hadus akerem licek kajes anerak awsis

mreb ,isivelet notnonem nataigek nagned asaibret gnay aynsinejes uata ,semag nia

.acabmem naupmamek gnukudnem gnaruk

id acab tanim halasam nad acabmem naupmamek ayngnitnep tagnigneM

nad tanim naktakgninem kutnu nakukalid ulrep acabmem nasagunep .sata

lrep awsis ,lawa kajeS .acabmem malad awsis naupmamek nagned naklanekid u

gnay acabmem kinket hilimem tapad awsis raga acabmem kinket iagabreb

aynigab PMS id itilenep natamagnep nakrasadreB .nakgnaneynem nad hadum

ruhuL idugnaP netalK netapubaK awsis - kinket iagabreb lanegnem muleb awsis

akerem anerak acabmem irad naigab iagabes acabmem nataigek gnadnamem

acabmem kinket iagabreb lanegnem muleb aguj awsiS .aynurug irad rajaleb sagut

.narajalep iasaugnem awsis nakhadumem kutnu nakanugid tapad gnay

aktakgninem malad nakparetid tapad gnay acabmem kinket utas halaS n

kinket halada acabmem naupmamek gnimmiks malaD . gnimmiks acabmem sesorp ,

tapmolem araces nakukalid - kokop tahilem nagned tapmol - amatu narikip kokop

isgnuF .aynraseb amet imahamem libmas naacab nahab malad gnimmiks halada

ipot gnatnet amatu edi naktapadnem ,kkd retropeD( aynliated nakub ,naacab k

.)721 :7002 gnimmikS naktapadnem asib acabmep akitek lisahreb nakatakid tapad

ukub isi nahurulesek malad sahabid gnay apa nakgnayabmem asib nad kokop edi

.mumu araces

sesorP gnimmiks p namahamep utnabmem tagnas ini lawa id acabme

maladnem araces acabmem nataigek nakukalem mulebes acabmem nataigek


3

nagneD .namalah imed namalah ,gnimmiks kutnu kato nakpaisrepmem acabmep

uti nialeS .aynhuggnuses gnay naacab nahab ipadahgnem gnimmiks anugreb aguj

ni asar nakatpicnem kutnu acabid naka gnay ukub hakapa nakitsamem ,uhat nig

atirec kokop naktapadnem nad ,nakparahid gnay nagned iauses

kinket taafnam nad acab tanim aynhadner irad takgnareB gnimmiks ,sata id

naupmameK .awsis acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem kutnu ayapu ada ulrep

mem narajalep malad isatserp naktakgninem aynah kadit takgninem gnay acab

atserp aguj ipatet ,aisenodnI asahab nial gnay gnadib malad awsis is anerak

nagneD .napudihek gnadib iagabreb malad nakhutubid acabmem naupmamek

ed acabmem naupmamek natakgninep ,naikimed kinket nagn gnimmiks ulrep ini

.nakukalid

.B halasaM nasatabmeP

nahalasamrep ,isakifitnediret gnay nahalasamrep aynkaynab tagnigneM

acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem ayapu adap isatabid kutnu namahamep

nakumenem kokop edi kinket nagned gnimmiks PMS id L idugnaP ruhu

onrawitnaG liated nad sukof hibel naitilenep raga nakukalid ini nasatabmeP .

acabmem naupmamek natakgninep ianegnem nakumenem kutnu namahamep edi

kokop kinket nagned .gnimmiks

.C halasaM nasumuR

nakrasadreB nad gnakaleb ratal id halasam nasatabmep ,sata nasumur

halada aynhalasam s huaje kinket anam gnimmiks naktakgninem tapad


4

naupmamek namahamep acabmem awsis id IIIV salek PMS ruhuL idugnaP

onrawitnaG netalK netapubaK nakumenem malad kokop edi ?

.D naitileneP naujuT

kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP m ispirksedne nak p naupmamek natakgnine

awsis acabmem kutnu namahamep iulalem kokop edi nakumenem kinket

gnimmiks PMS id ruhuL idugnaP onrawitnaG netalK netapubaK .

.E naitileneP taafnaM

afnam ikilimem ini naitileneP araceS .sitkarp taafnam nad sitiroet ta

ilenep ,sitiroet nakparahid ini nait nakukalem anug isnerefer iagabes taafnamreb

.acabmem naupmamek gnatnet naitilenep aynsusuhk ,tujnal hibel naitilenep igab

utiay urug igab taafnamreb ini naitilenep ,sitkarp araceS nakusam idajnem tapad

ad narajalebmep natakednep gnatnet acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem mal

.awsis ,awsis igaB acabmem nalipmaretek nakirebmem tapad ini naitilenep lisah

kinket nagned awsis gnimmiks .

.F halitsI nasataB

nakirebid ulrep ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay halitsi aparebeB

nasatab ayn dit raga halitsi kokop halitsi aparebeB .naitregnep halas idajret ka

.tukireb iagabes nasatabmep irebid


5

.1 naupmameK

acabmem naupmameK itra imahamem malad awsis naupmamek halada uata

silut asahab malad id gnudnakret gnay ankam namdooG( malad

.)71 :7991 ,hisginaitsiluS

.2 abmeM kokoP edI ac

atic ,nasagag narikip nakumenem kutnu acabmeM - adap tapadret gnay atic

.acabid gnay anacaw )46 : 0002 ,osradeoS(

.3 kinkeT gnimmiks

kinkeT gnimmiks nakhutubmem gnay salikes acabmem kinket halada

iracnem kutnu acabmem taas atam nakareg natapecek naktapadnem nad

isamrofni )23 :0991 ,nagiraT( .

.4 saleK nakadniT naitileneP

naitileneP helo nakukalid gnay nakadnit naiakgnares halada saleK nakadniT

nupuata sesorp satilauk naktakgninem akgnar malad salek id itilenep uata urug

awsis rajaleb lisah ( biqA , 002 )81:7 .

.G naijayneP akitametsiS

P jid ini naitilene nakiaruid bab paiteS .bab amil idajnem nakraba

.tukireb iagabes sitametsis araces

isireb I baB halitsi nasatab ,gnakaleb ratal isireb ,nauluhadneP ,

naitilenep naujut ,halasam nasumur ,halasam nasatabmep nad ,naitilenep taafnam ,

.naijaynep akitametsis


6

isireb II baB lah nakrabajnem akatsup nauajniT .akatsup nauajnit - lah

,PMS id aisenodnI asahab narajalep ,naveler gnay uluhadret naitilenep :tukireb

kinket ,acabmem narajalebmep - nad ,acabmem kinket .rikipreb akgnarek

nakrabajnem naitilenep igolodoteM .naitilenep igolodotem halada III baB

,salek nakadnit sinej ,atad nalupmugnep kinket ,naitilenep kejbus ,naitilenep sinej

.atad sisilana kinket nad nemurtsni

naitilenep naanaskaleP halada VI baB ah nad naitilenep lis b ini ba

nakrabajnem ,naitilenep naanaskalep gnatnet lisah gnatnet nakrabajnem

.nasahabmep nad ,salek nakadnit naitilenep

nad ,isakilpmi ,nalupmisek nakisireb putuneP .putunep halada V baB

.naras


7

II BAB

AKATSUP NAUAJNIT

.A P naveleR gnay naitilene

acabmem nalipmaretek natakgninep itilenem )5002( itayidiW

sudranreB LP DS D VI salek awsis adap lebmarks kinket nagned namahamep

.5002 / 4002 narajalep nuhat gnarameS utiay nakanugid gnay naitilenep edoteM

eneP saleK nakadniT naitil aud sata iridret gnay )KTP( natakgnineP .sulkis

alipmaretek set iulalem iuhatekid acabmem n narajalebmep naanaskalep ataD .

.natamagnep nad aracnawaw ,set ialalem naklupmukid

tapad lebmarks kinket ,amatrep :naktahilrepmem naitilenep lisaH

naktakgninem set lisah irad tahilid awsis namahamep acabmem nalipmaretek

I sulkis rihka set nad lawa set lisaH .II sulkis rihka set nad I sulkis rihka set ,lawa

I sulkis rihka set lisaH .% 5 isnakifingis farat adap lebat t > 745,7 = t helorepid

rihka set nad .%5 isnakifingis farat adap lebat t > 810,8 = t helorepid II sulkis

narajalebmep malad kapmat pakis uata ukal hakgnit nahaburep ,audeK

iulalem helorepid gnay ataD .lebmarks kinket nagnd namahamep acabmem

nruj nad aracnawaw ,isavresbo awsis raseb naigabes awhab nakitkubmem la

.nakgnaneynem hibel rajaleb anasaus anerak lebmarks kinket nagned kiratret

itilenem )8002( oyadamoS kinket naparenep gnimmiks nad

gninnacs awsis namahamep acabmem narajalebmep naktakgninem kutnu

V saleK .etanreT 1 orelaS iregeN DS malad nakanugid gnay natakedneP


8

nakanuggnem nagned fitatilauk naitilenep natakednep halada ini naitilenep

naitilenep nagnacnar salek nakadnit )hcraeser noitca moorssalc( tafisreb gnay

irotapisitrap - .fitarobalok

ini naitileneP adap ucagnem niased nagned sulkis 3 malad nakanaskalid

kinket napareneP .)9991 ,sankidpeD malad( traggaT nad simmeK ledom

gnimmiks nad gninnacs nakanaskalid namahamep acabmem narajalebmep malad

.acabacsap nad ,acabtaas ,acabarp pahat utiay ,pahat 3 malad ,acabarp pahat adaP

,nakiapmasid naka gnay narajalebmep nahab nakutnenem )1( halada aynnataigek

nakiauseynem )2( )3( ,naklipmatid gnay iretam nagned awsis atameks

hakgnal nakanaskalem - nagned namahamep acabmem narajalebmep hakgnal

kinket gnimmiks nad nacs gnin )4(, gnay awsis nataigek uata sagut nakiapmaynem

.nakijas gnay nahab ratupes bawaj aynat nakadagnem )5( nad ,nakukalid surah

kujnunem sisilana lisaH k kinket naparenep awhab na gnimmiks nad

gninnacs d awsis naupmamek naktakgninem tapad nakifingis araces mala

nagned I sulkis adap tahilid tapad tubesret natakgnineP .namahamep acabmem

atar - III sulkis nad ,)kiab( %5,97 iapacnem II sulkis ,)kiab( %4,47 halada roks atar

kinket naparenep kutnU .) kiab tagnas( %5,58 halada gninnacs ialin I sulkis adap

atar - ynatar III sulkis nad ,)kiab( %55,97 II sulkis ,)kiab( %52,57 halada a

DS V salek awsis acabmem natapecek takgniT.)kiab tagnas( %52,88 iapacnem

.iadamem irogetak kusamret etanreT 1 orelaS iregeN

irasatipsuP naitileneP gnatnet )8002( aisenodnI asahaB narajalebmep

acabmem kinket iulalem gnimmiks icnuk atak isakifitnedi kamiynem kinket nad


9

narajA nuhaT suduK olukeJ 2 nabreT iregeN rasaD halokeS 4 saleK awsis adap

.9002/8002 narajalebmep nakispirksednem kutnu halada ini naitilenep naujuT

bmem kinket nakparenem nagned nakispirksednem atres kamiynem kinket nad aca

.kamiynem kinket nad acabmem kinket nakparenem nagned narajalebmep lisah

kinket iulalem narajalebmep isatnemelpmi lisah halada ini naitilenep kejbO

d icnuk atak isakifitnedi kamiynem kinket nad gnimmiks acabmem halokeS i

,set edotem iulalem naklupmukid ataD .suduK olukeJ 2 nabreT iregeN rasaD

.isatnemukod ,isavresbo edotem

pahat ,sisilana pahat ,ispirksed pahat iulalem sisilanaid ataD

nad isaulave pahat ,isatserpretni naitilenep lisaH .nalupmisek nakiranep

iynem artsas nad asahab rajaleb lisah aratna naadebrep tapadret awhab naklupm

acabmem kinket nakanuggnem gnay tapme salek awsis adap aisenodnI gnimmiks

akitek nakujnutid tubesret lah ,icnuk atak isakifitnedi kamiynem kinket nad

ket iulalem narajalebmep nakukalid tapadret icnuk atak isakifitnedi kamiynem kin

nakgnadeS .urug irad naaynatrep bawajnem nad fitka gnay awsis tapme

acabmem kinket iulalem narajalebmep gnimmiks fitka gnay awsis mane tapadret

naitilenep lisah atad iraD .awsis irad naaynatrep bawajnem uam nad nakitkubmem

acabmem kinket iulalem awsis rajaleb lisah awhab gnimmiks akij kiab hibel

atak isakifitnedi kamiynem kinket iulalem narajalebmep nagned nakgnidnabid

.icnuk

nakukal silunep gnay naitilenep nagned itayidiW naitilenep natiakreteK

u adap katelret .salek nakadnit iulalem acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem ayap


01

tileneP nakukal itilenep naka gnay nai ikilimem adap utiay naamasrep kutnu naujut

anasaus nakatpicnem kutnu naujut nad acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem

em nataigek ayngnusgnalreb amales nakgnaneynem katelret aynnaadebreP .acabm

kinket utiay ,ini naitilenep malad nakparetid naka gnay acabmem kinket adap

gnimmiks .

oyadamoS naitilenep naamasreP )8002( silunep gnay naitilenep nagned

nagned acabmem naupmamek natakgninep ayapu adap katelret nakukal

anuggnem kinket nak ,gnimmiks nad ,salek nakadnit utiay naitilenep sinej

ini naitilenep nakidajnem ini naamasreP .rasad halokes awsis utiay aynkejbus

.nakanaskal silunep gnay naitilenep malad isnerefer utas halas idajnem tapad

ilenep nagned ini naitilenep naadebreP adap katelret nakukal silunep gnay nait

nakanuggnem aynah kadit gnay acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem kinket

kinket gnimmiks aguj ipatet , gninnacs rasad halokes awsis adap , nakgnades

kinket nakanuggnem aynah silunep gnimmiks acabmem kinkeT .PMS awsis adap

gnimmiks awsis kutnu naacab nahab anerak itiletid kiranem hibel PMS awsis igab

.DS awsis adapirad kaynab hibel huaj PMS

silunep gnay naitilenep nagned )8002( irasatipsuP naitilenep naamasreP

acabmem naupmamek utiay aynnaitilenep kejbo adap katelret nakukal awsis

aynnaadebreP .acabmem kinket aparebeb nakanuggnem nagned rasad halokes

naitilenep edotem adap katelret aynnaitilenep kejbus nad irasatipsuP naitileneP .

kinket nagned acabmem naupmamek aratna isarapmok naitilenep nakapurem

kinket nad isakifitnedni ks gnimmi nakukal silunep gnay naitilenep nakgnades ,


11

kinket nakparenem aynah atres salek nakadnit naitilenep nagnacnar nakanuggnem

gnimmiks . aynnaacab nahab gnay DS awsis halada irasatipsuP naitilenep kejbuS

S awsis ipadahid gnay naacab adapirad tikides hibel kutnu silunep hilipid gnay PM

.itiletid

.B iroeT nasadnaL

.1 namahameP acabmeM

acabmeM namahamep acabmem nataigek sinej nakapurem upmam raga

.maladnem araces naacab isi imahamem ,napuggnasek itrareb naupmameK

adirK .)355:3991 ,kkd,onoileoM( nataukek ,napakacek )501:1002( anaskal

nauhategnep halada ecnetepmok itrareb gnay naupmamek awhab nakatagnem

uata nataigek nakitraid namahameP .radas kadit tafisreb nad kartsba tafisreb gnay

.)636:3991 ,kkd ,onoileoM( imahamem kutnu nataubrep uata nataigek sesorp

( acabmeM er gnida apureb gnay kiab ,sket irad isamrofni ilaggnem halada )

;aumes uti isanibmok irad nupuam ,margaid uata rabmag irad nupuam nasilut

asahab imahamem nad lanegnem nalipmaretek iagabes aguj nakitraid acabmem

gnabmal naturu kutneb malad nasilut - farg gnabmal idajnem aynnahaburep nad si

maid namahamep kutneb malad ankamreb araciw - sarek narajugnep uata maid -

tahilem iagabes nakitraid acabmem ayntujnaleS .)531 :1002 ,anaskaladirK( sarek

malad aynah uata naknasilem nagned( silutret gnay apa irad isi imahamem atres

,lamarem ,nakpacugnem ,silutret gnay apa naklafalem uata ajegnem ,)itah

,kkd ,onoileoM( imahamem nad nakgnutihrepmem ,agudnem ,iuhategnem

( namahamep acabmeM .)26:3991 gnidnatsrednu rof gnidaer sinejes halada )


21

a radnats imahamem kutnu naujutreb gnay acabmem isneser ,naartsasek amron uat

alop ,silut amard,sitirk - )65:4991 ,nagiraT( iskif alop

lah tagnignem nad iuhategnem kutnu tutnutid acabmep ini lah malaD - lah

naicnirep atres ,kokop - natagni tutnunem namahamep acabmem ,gnitnep naicnirep

si imahamem tapad raga aynnakanuggnem nad maladnem araces tubesret naacab i

nakatagnem )72:7991( radnehuS tapadnep nagned iauses ini laH .kiab nagned

pakgnanem nagned naacab nahab acabmem halada namahamep acabmem“ awhab

kokop - pek aggnihes gnaragnep nakpakgnuid gnay narikip kokop iridnesret nasau

.”iaseles acabid naacab haletes

namahamep acabmem naujuT halada iges helorepmem naka acabmep - iges

igeS .naacab utaus imahamem kutnu naupmamek - iges helorepid gnay naupmamek

utiay : k ,amatrep nasilut nad naacab imahamem naupmame , k imahamem ata - atak

halitsi imahamem naupmamek nad nasilut malad iakapret gnay – silutret halitsi

,susuhk itra malad iakapid asaib gnay nasilut malad iakapid gnaraj gnay

iagabes k atres ;naacab malad tapadret gnay anam alop imahamem naupmame - alop

kutneb nad tamilak - utneb anamiagabes k nad nasilut asahab malad tapadret

naigab itukignem naupmamek - tilus nad gnajnap naik amal naik gnay naigab

.imser nasilut malad iapmujid

k ,audeK bmal tapec nagned nakrisfanem naupmame a gn - adnat uata gnabmal - adnat

ilut asahab malad iakapret gnay ,gnirim katec naiakamep ,acab adnat : inkay ,nas

salejrepmem nad taukrepmem kutnu nakanugid ayniagabes nad labet katec

egnep k ,agiteK .naacab malad ukapret gnay naitr nasagag imahamem naupmame ,

utiay aynaratna id k naupmame imahamem pmasid nigni gnay duskam nakai


31

p nasagag nad gnaragnep k ,gnaragnep nakakumekid gnay koko naupmame

p nasagag gnukudnem gnay nasagag imahamem nakakumekid gnay koko

k ,gnaragnep kiranem naupmame gnay naralanep nad raneb gnay nalupmisek

tapet k ,tapmeek. aujut nad duskam imahamem naupmame silunep n .

.2 acabmeM gnimmikS

.a acabmeM naitregneP

takikah gnatnet adebreb gnay nasatab nakirebmem rakap araP

acabmem awhab nakatagnem )7 :5891 ,nagiraT malad( nosrednA .acabmem

( idnas naacabmep nad ilabmek naidnaynep sesorp utaus halada gnidrocer a dna

ssecorp gnidoced )8 :5891 ,nagiraT malad( omonoB nad oraihcinniF .)

atres kitemem sesorp utaus iagabes acabmem nakisinifednem abocnem

( silutret asahab malad id gnudnakret gnay ankam uata itra imahamem gnirb

em gnitteg dna ot gninaem ni lairetam nettirw ro detnirp morf gnina .)

aguj ipatet ajas tarusret gnay imahamem aynah nakub acabmeM

malad sarraH malad( namdooG helo nakatakid anamiagabes ,tarisret gnay

,acabmem akitek awhab )71 :7991 ,hisginaitsiluS ynah nakub gnaroeses a

gnay iretam irad ankam kitemem nad libmagnem naupmamek tutnunem

gnay sketnok nusuynem naupmamek tutnunem aguj naknialem katecret

nug aidesret nagneD .ankam kutnebmem a ,naikimed nakub acabmem aynah

imahamem gnabmal - gnabmal silut asahab em , ,imahamem ahasureb naknial

.gnaragnep tapadnep inikayem nad ,nakgnidnabmem ,kalonem ,amirenem


41

napaggna aparebeb nakpakgnugnem )252 :0102( ikcanreH nad retropeD

gnatnet gnay acabmem tapad acabmem nataigek tabmahgnem , aynaratna id

s uti acabmem )1 :halada )3 ,acabmem akitek iraj nakanuggnem helob kadit )2 ,tilu

surah acabmem )4 ,atak rep atak ajegnem nagned nakukalid surah acabmem

nahalrep - napaggnA .aynisi imahamem tapad ayapus nahal - ini fitagen napaggna

tisop gnay napaggna nagned itnagid surah itsap araces .naasaibmep iulalem fi

)2 ,hadum uti acabmem )1 :halada aynaratna id tubesret fitisop gnay napaggnA

patet nad tapec acabmem helob )3 ,sugilakes atak kaynab acabmem helob

.naacab isi imahamem :aynaratna id ,napaisrep nakhutubmem acabmem nataigeK

)1 m gnalihgne taas awsis uggnaggnem isnetopreb gnay nauggnag nak nagnukgnil nagnisibek nad salek gnaur nagnarenep itrepes ,acabmem

)2 ,ratikes p irajalepid uata acabid naka gnay narajalep iretam nakitsa )3 ,pakgnel s taas ,naacab nad atam aratna karaj nad kudud paki

em m .nakitahrepid surah aguj acab nagned utiay kiab gnay kudud pakiS nakgnodnoc nad ,iatnal ek iatnas hapanem ikak kapalet ,skelir kudud

.)761 :8002 ,arudniW( naped ek ujab

.b acabmeM naujuT

apa itra padahret napaggnat irebmem ,fitka nataigek nakapurem acabmeM

,isamrofni helorepmem kutnu halada acabmem amatu naujut akam ,acabid gnay

acab ankam imahamem ,isi pukacnem na naujut nagned ilakes tare ankaM .

.ini tukireb acabmem malad

)1 naumenep iuhategnem uata nakumenem kutnu acabmeM - gnay naumenep halet acabmem tubesid ini macames acabmeM .hokot gnas nakukalid

naicnirep helorepmem kutnu - atkaf uta naicnirep - ( atkaf ro sliated rof gnidaerstcaf .)

)2 kiab gnay kipot nakapurem uti lah apagnem iuhategnem kutnu acabmeM .kiranem nad nakukalid acabmeM edi helorepmem kutnu - ( amatu edi gnidaersaedi niam rof .)

)3 naigab paites adap idajret gnay apa iuhategnem ,nakumenem kutnu acabmeMalum adap idajret gnay apa ,atirec - .aynsuretes ,agitek ,audek ,amatrep alum


51

aus nakhacemem kutnu taubid pahat paiteS nageda ,halasam ut - nad nageda iuhategnem kutnu acabmem tubesid inI .isasitmard taub naidajek,naidajek

( atirec iasasinagro ,nanusus uata naturu ro ecneuqes rof gnidaernoitazinagro .)

)4 ot arap apagnem iuhategnem atres nakumenem kutnu acabmeM hok gnas helo naktahilrepid kadneh gnay apa,uti akerem itrepes nakasarem gnay satilauk ,habureb hokot arap apagnem,acabmep arap adapek gnaragnep tubesid inI .lagag uata lisahreb akerem taubmem gnay hokot arap ikilimid

,naklupmiynem kutnu acabmem ( isnerefni acabmem ecnerefer rof gnidaer .) )5 nakumenem kutnu acabmeM apa iuhategnem atres - nay apa ,asaib kadit g

raneb uti atirec hakapa uata ,rajaw kadit - .raneb kadit uata raneb tubesid inIfisalkgnem kutnu acabmem nakkopmolegnem kutnu acabmem nakisaki

( yfissalc rof gnidaer .) )6 nagned pudih lisahreb hokot gnas hakapa nakumenem kutnu acabmeM

naruku - helo taubid gnay itrepes taubreb nigni atik hakapa ,utnetret naruku atirec malad ajrekeb hokot gnas arac itrepes ajrekeb uata ,hokot gnas .uti

( isaulavegnem acabmem ,ialinem acabmem tubesid inI rof gnidaeretaulave .)

)7 habureb hokot gnas aynarac anamiagab nakumenem kutnu acabmeM anamiagab lanek atik gnay napudihek irad adebreb aynpudih anamiagab

srep iaynupmem atirec aud iapureynem hokot gnas anamiagab,naama .acabmep uata nakgnidnabmem kutnu acabmem tubesid inI

( nakgnatnetrepmem tsartnoc ro erapmoc ot gnidaer 9: 5891 nagiraT( ) - .)01

.c acabmeM kinkeT gnimmikS

gek awhab atkaf nakitahrepmem acabmem kinket nahiliP acabmem natai

irahes - atak sata natamagnep irad iridret aynasaib irah - araces katecid gnay atak

naigabes igaB .isamrofni nanapmiynep nad nahilimep ,namahamep ,kolocnem

awhab napaggna lucnum anerak naktarebmem asarid acabmem nataigek ,awsis

h acabmem nataigek acabmem ,atak imed atak acabmem nagned nakukalid sura

sata id iraj nakkareggnem helob kadit acabmem nad mahap ayapus nahalrep

.)252 :0102 ,ickanreH nad retropeD( naacab


61

acabmem uata salikes acabmeM gnimmiks gnay acabmem sinejes halada

eb atik atam taubmem ahab nakitahrepmem nad tahilem tapec nagned karegr n

kutnu silutret .)23 :0991 ,nagiraT( tapec araces isamrofni naktapadnem

acabmem tubeynem nolobupmaT gnimmiks inkay ,payal acabmem iagabes ini

iuhategnem kutnu tapec nagned acabmem uata naacab utaus irad mumu isi

naigab - malad nakgnades ,)94 :9891( aynnaigab gnidaeR fo yranoitciD

)892:3891( gnimmiks tapec araces acabmem nataigek iagabes naktubesid nad

.naujutreb atres fitkeles awhab naktubeynem nial isinifeD gnimmiks bes utaus iaga

akitek anugreb nad ,itilet hibel ,sitametsis araces tapec acabmem nalipmaretek

,oyojidoyriW( pakgnel araces naacab utaus acabmem kutnu nakduskamid kadit

.)09 :9891 gnimmikS takiret kadit anerak iatnas uata ulal libmas nagned nakukalid

tab helo irad naigab iagabes acabmem nataigek ,halokes id nataigeK .utkaw nasa

ukub acabmem nataigek kutnu susuhK .utkaw helo isatabid rajaleb nataigek

.napaisrep ada ulrep ,halokes id narajalep

nakisinifednem )98 :9891( osradeoS gnimmiks nalipmaretek iagabes

em .neisife gnay lisah naktapadnem kutnu sitametsis araces rutaid gnay acabm

turuneM ,osradeoS gnimmiks nial aratna :nagnitnepek kutnu nakulrepid

)1 ;naacab kipot lanegnem )2 )inipo( nial gnaro tapadnep iuhategnem )3 nakulrep atik gnay gnitnep naigab naktapadnem ;nahurulesek acabmem apnat , )4 ;nasilut isasinagro iuhategnem )5 .acabid hanrep gnay nahab padahret narageynep

gnarab tahilem naktarabiid naacab nahab salikes acabmeM - esalate gnarab

hibelret aynkiabes gnaroeses ,acabmem mulebes ,aynitrA .ilebmem mulebes okot


71

luduj ,isi ratfad askiremem ulud - furuh ,bab luduj - id gnay furuh et katec uata lab

rabmag ,kifarg ,gnirim - nataigeK .lojnonem kapmat gnay aynalages nad ,rabmag

helo nakirebid naka gnay apa nasagag imahamem kutnu taafnamreb ini takgnis

opeD( tubesret naacab .)852 :0102 ,ickanreH nad retr

,salikes naacabmep nakukalem kutnu nialeS gnimmiks malad anugreb aguj

acabmeM .aynnial acabmem sesorp kaynab gnimmiks apnat nakukalid tapad

lah anerak ankam nagnalihek ritawahk surah - tukireb lah )2 :9002 ,reoN( .

)1 nakaynabeK idajnem gnay gnitnep atak aparebeb ikilimem aynah tamilak

atak nakgnalihgnem nagneD .aynrutkurts kutnebmep - kadit gnay nial atak

surah apnat pakgnatid tapad hadus tamilak ankam akam ,gnitnep ulalret

.aynhuggnuses ankam nagnalihek

)2 uc gnay naacab nahab malaD takgnit ikilimem naigab aumes kadit ,labet puk

nagnir hibel fitaler gnamem gnay utnetret naigab adA .amas gnay natilusek

gnay naigaB .nial gnay naigab nagned nakgnidnabid imahapid hadum nad

tawel tapec tagnas nagned acabid tapad nagnir gnimmiks b nakgnades naiga

.itilet nad pakgnel hibel araces acabid tilus hibel gnay

)3 atak adA - kutnebmem malad narepreb nad gnitnep tagnas gnay utnetret atak

takiderp nad kejbus inkay tamilak rutkurts uti anerak , gnimmiks adap sukofreb

raga ajrek atak nad adneb atak itni akam naacab hadum .ilanekid ,uti nialeS

atak iasaugnem surah - tamilak ankam habugnem asib gnay gnubuhgnep atak

atak akij atayn araces - ataK .nakgnalihid tubesret atak - :nial aratna tubesret atak

nial gnay isis adap ,aynkilabes ,ipatet naka ,nupiksem ,nakub ,kadit nad ,


81

aneraK .aynsuretes gnimmiks mumu narabmag naktapadnem kutnu anugreb

nakukalem akitek kiab gnay isanidrook ulrep akam ,naacab nahab utaus

gnimmiks ,nakgnidnabmem ,asilanagnem ,aynatreb fitka gnay kato nagned

.nalupmisek taubmem atres

gnimmikS utubmem tabilret gnay aredni aumes anam id fitka sesorp nakh

nad namuicnep itrepes nial ardni nakhab ,kato ,atam irad ialum ,ajrekeb

.naragnednep acabmem sesorP akitek halada fitka acabmep haloes - ek kusam halo

nem ,ragnednem asib nad iridnes uti naacab nahab malad nakasarem atres muic

apa - naksilutid gnay apa )4 :9002 ,reoN( .

acabmeM kinket nagned gnimmiks naktapadnem kutnu acabmep nakukalid

akitek nakhutubid ini kinkeT .)94 :0991 ,idhcuZ( mumu nad nahurulesek nasek

isautis ipadahgnem acabmep - .tukireb isautis

)1 abmeM raga suires araces irajalepmem mulebes ukub malad bab haubes acbab mumu napukac gnatnet nasagag haubes helorepmem

)2 nakutnenem kutnu nial silut ayrak uata levon namalah aparebeb lepmayneM.ialinreb naacab nakapurem silut ayrak hakapa

)3 tapec araces askiremeM kutnu laisrevortnok usi gnatnet lekitra haubes gnaro nemugra nakitahrepmem apnat gnaragnep nagnadnap nakumenem

.kifiseps gnay )4 gnudnagnem tubesret naacab hakapa ialinem kutnu naacab nahab askiremeM

irac atik gnay isamrofni sinej )5 utnu naacab nahab itileneM tapad tubesret naacab nahab nakutnenem k

.imahapid

acabmeM gnimmiks naktapadnem nad askiremem naitregnep malad

hakgnal nakapurem acabid naka gnay naacab irad raseb narabmag gnisworb nahab

raneb mulebes rihka iapmas lawa irad naacab - aL .aynacabmem raneb ini hakgn

taas aggnihes naacab nahab irad raseb narabmag naktapadnem kutnu naujutreb


91

uata naklotnacid naka kato malad ek kusam gnay isamrofni paites acabmem

.)961 :0102 ,arudniW( naktapadid lakab gnay apa narabmag nagned naktiakid

.C acabmeM narajalebmeP id PMS

arajalebmeP n naktakgninem kutnu nakduskamid PMS id acabmem

utnabmem tapad kiab gnay acabmem naupmameK .awsis acabmem naupmamek

nahab irajalepmem awsis - naupmamek naktakgninem aggnihes narajalep nahab

.aynrajaleb

.1 saleK PMS id acabmeM narajalebmeP IIIV

,laisos ,lautkeletni nagnabmekrep malad lartnes narep ikilimem asahaB

malad nalisahrebek gnajnunep nakapurem nad kidid atresep lanoisome nad

utnabmem nakparahid asahab narajalebmeP .iduts gnadib aumes irajalepmem

ayadub ,aynirid lanegnem kidid atresep ,nial gnaro ayadub nad ,ayn

gnay takaraysam malad isapisitrapreb ,naasarep nad nasagag nakakumegnem

naupmamek nakanuggnem atres nakumenem nad ,tubesret asahab nakanuggnem

( aynirid malad ada gnay fitanigami nad sitilana di.oc.sankidpedruksup.www .)

naktakgninem kutnu nakharaid aisenodnI asahab narajalebmeP

nagned aisenodnI asahab malad isakinumokreb kutnu kidid atresep naupmamek

araces kiab ,raneb nad kiab unem atres ,silut nupuam nasil isaiserpa nakhubm

dahret .aisenodnI aisunam naartsasek ayrak lisah pa asahaB narajalep ataM

.tukireb iagabes naupmamek ikilimem kidid atresep raga naujutreb aisenodnI

.a ,ukalreb gnay akite nagned iauses neisife nad fitkefe araces isakinumokreB. silut nupuam nasil araces kiab


02

.b neM asahab iagabes aisenodnI asahab nakanuggnem aggnab nad iagrahgaragen asahab nad nautasrep

.c fitaerk nad tapet nagned aynnakanuggnem nad aisenodnI asahab imahameM naujut iagabreb kutnu

.d ,lautkeletni naupmamek naktakgninem kutnu aisenodnI asahab nakanuggneM laisos nad lanoisome nagnatamek atres

.e ,nasawaw saulrepmem kutnu artsas ayrak naktaafnamem nad itamkineM naupmamek nad nauhategnep naktakgninem atres ,itrekep idub sulahrepmem

asahabreb .f yadub hanazahk iagabes aisenodnI artsas nakaggnabmem nad iagrahgneM a

.)di.oc.sankidpedruksup.www( aisenodnI aisunam lautkeletni nad

pukgnil gnauR nenopmok pukacnem aisenodnI asahaB narajalep atam

kepsa itupilem gnay artsasreb naupmamek nad asahabreb naupmamek - :kepsa

dnatS .silunem nad acabmem ,aracibreb ,nakragnednem atam isnetepmok ra

atresep laminim naupmamek isakifilauk nakapurem aisenodnI asahaB narajalep

,asahabreb nalipmaretek ,nauhategnep naasaugnep nakrabmaggnem gnay kidid

ini isnetepmok radnatS .aisenodnI artsas nad asahab padahret fitisop pakis nad

kapurem isautis nopserem nad imahamem kutnu kidid atresep igab rasad na

r ,lakol .labolg nad ,lanoisan ,lanoige rasad isnetepmok nad isnetepmok radnatS

tukireb iagabes halada nakididneP nautaS takgniT mulukiruK nagned iauses

( di.oc.sankidpedruksup.www .)

.2 kinkeT nagned acabmeM narajaleP gnimmikS

kinket nagned acabmem narajalebmeP gnimmiks PMS id nakrajaid halet

epmok nad isnetepmok radnats adap kapmat itrepes narajalep ukub nad rasad isnet

B jaid gnay aisenodnI asaha PMS IIIV salek id nakra ini kinket ,ajas aynaH .

adap naknapedegnem hibel narajalebmep anerak suires araces nakparetid gnaruk


12

kinket naanuggnep aynkadit raneb nakitahrepmem apnat naacab isi naasaugnep

gnimmiks ts utas halas iagabes acabmem naupmameK . ini isnetepmok radna

,lakol isautis nopserem nad imahamem kutnu kidid atresep igab rasad nakapurem

gnay rasad isnetepmok nad isnetepmok radnatS .labolg nad ,lanoisan ,lanoiger

.tukireb iagabes halada PSTK nagned iauses ini naitilenep nagned iapacid naka

T 1.2 leba tS an rasaD isnetepmoK nad isnetepmoK rad aisenodnI asahaB narajalebmeP

isnetepmoK radnatS rasad isnetepmoK

anacaw magar imahameM

acabmem nagned silut

acabmem ,iadnimem

.tapec

.1 irad tapec nad tapet araces isamrofni nakumeneM

let ukub/idepolkisne iadnimem acabmem nagned nope

.2 gnay sketnok malad hara uata tapmet nakumeneM

haned adap aretret gnay nagned iauses aynranebes

.3 acabmem nagned sket utaus isi naklupmiyneM

tinemrep atak 052 tapec

.4 ialin sisilanagneM - neprec adap napudihek ialin - neprec

utas malad neprec nalupmuk ukub

kinket nagned acabmem narajalebmeP gnimmiks :9002( reoN itukignem 4 )

hakgnal iulalem nakukalid - hakgnal iagabes naksalejid gnay :tukireb

.a acaB revoc nad tubesret ukub raseb amet naksalejnem aynasaib gnay ukub

p tubesret ukub apagnem .gnitne

.b silunep anerak gnitnep tagnas ilakgnires ratnagnep ataK .ratnagnep atak acaB

iaseles iapmas lawa irad tubesret ukub nasilunep sesorp naksalejnem aynasaib

tapadnem asib ratnagnep atak iraD .aynnakanugid gnay natakednep atres

et ukub hakapa narabmag uata iaseles iapmas acabid kutnu kayal tubesr


22

,hisak amiret napacu apureb gnay naigaB .gnitnep kadit aynranebes

.naktawelid asib aynsinejes nad naagrahgnep

.c malad nasahabmep rutkurts narabmag irebmem isi ratfaD .isi ratfad acaB

ep utnabmem isi ratfaD .ukub sketnok malad naacab nahab iasaugnem acabm

adA .acabid kutnu gnitnep bab paites kadit ,uti nialeS .pakgnel nad raseb gnay

bab - ukub irad imahapid hadus idaj asib gnay bab - acabid hanrep gnay ukub

.ajas salikes acabid uata naktawelid asib aggnihes aynmulebes gnay igrenE

gnamem gnay urab isamrofni adap naksukofid tapad aynitnan raseb hibel

.tubesret naacab nahab irad iasaukid ulrep

.d nad luduj bus ,bab luduj acaB gnidaeh nad rabmag ,margaid itamagnem .

1 aynah namalah paites acab tapec araceS .nahabmat nagnaretek - .ajas kited 2

,luduj bus ,bab luduj acaB gnidaeh uata rabmag takgnis araces itama atres

irad aynah kokop edi naktapaD .tubesret bab salejnep idajnem gnay margaid

.idat luduj acabmep ,ini lah malaD akitek nasilunep rutkurts iasaugnem halet

tfad irajalepmem .aynmulebes isi ra

kinket gnatnet nasalejnep adap nakrasadreB gnimmiks adap ,sata id

ini naitilenep gnimmiks raseb sirag acabmem nagned )1 :utiay nakukalid gnay

nad ,bab bus ,bab luduj ,isi ratfad iulalem naacab ,gnidaeh rabmag itamagnem

nay margaid atres nagned icnuk tamilak nakumenem )2 ,naacab malad ada g

.ankam habugnem gnay gnubuhgnep atak nad takiderp ,kejbus adap sukof

naigab adap aynah nakukalid naacabmeP - muleb gnay bab uata naigab

.nial rebmus irad iuhatekid


32

.D narikimeP akgnareK

d acabmem nataigeK nabijawek irad naigab idajnem aynmumu adap PMS i

lah iagabes acabmem nataigek gnadnamem awsiS .awsis adapek naknabebid gnay

acabmem kutnu natutnut adap takiret anerak nakgnaneynem kadit nad tilus gnay

et nagned nakasaibid gnaruk PMS awsis nakgnades ,liated kink - acabmem kinket

.acabmem awsis naupmamek nad isavitom ,tanim gnorodnem tapad gnay ini laH

PMS id kusamret ,halokes iagabreb id idajret ruhuL idugnaP netalK netapubaK .

acabmem narajalebmeP gnimmiks id naklanekid hadus aynrasad adap

wsis ipatet ,halokes a- acabmem kinket nakanuggnem asaibret gnaruk awsis

gnimmiks .ini kinket nakanuggnem asaib kadit uata gnisa asarem aggnihes

acabmem kinket ,lahadaP gnimmiks awsis nakhadumem salikes acabmem uata

ak hadum kapmat ini kinkeT .narajalep iretam iasaugnem malad kadit awsis aner

hadum awsis aggnihes naacab hurules acabmem kutnu inabebid asarem

nalipmareteK .narajalep iretam iasaugnem gnimmiks aynah kadit kiab gnay

tanim naktakgninem aguj ipatet ,narajalep iasaugnem malad awsis nakhadumem

.acabmem kutnu awsis

nuG huajes iuhategnem a kinket anam gnimmiks naktakgninem tapad

acabmem naupmamek namahamep salek nakadnit naitilenep nakukalid ulrep ,

kinkeT .)KTP( gnimmiks imahamem malad awsis nakhadumem tapad nakparahid

em malad fisnetni gnay KTP malad nakadniT .naacab isi naluggnuek naklanegn -

kinket naluggnuek gnimmiks awsis adapek - PMS awsis ruhuL idugnaP netapubaK

netalK awsis naknikayem naka - nakanuggnem asaib kutnu awsis gnimmiks malad

.narajalep ukub acabmem nataigek


42

kilimem awsis utnabmem )KTP( salek nakadnit naitileneP naupmamek i

.naacab isi padahret kiab hibel gnay namahamep nagned tapec hibel acabmem

kinket nagned anerak idajret ini laH gnimmiks raseb sirag acabmem aynah awsis

rabmag itamagnem ,gnidaeh nad ,bab bus ,bab luduj ,isi ratfad iulalem naacab

margaid atres tamilak nakumenem hadum aguj awsiS .naacab malad ada gnay

p atak nad takiderp ,kejbus adap sukof nagned icnuk habugnem gnay gnubuhgne

.ankam naigab adap aynah nakukalid naacabmeP - muleb gnay bab uata naigab

.nial rebmus irad iuhatekid inem ayapu nalisahrebeK naupmamek naktakgn

kinket nagned acabmem gnimmiks )1 :tukireb rotakidni aparebeb irad iuhatekid

)2 ,naacab naujut nad duskam iuhategnem )3 ,kokop edi iuhategnem iuhategnem

,naacab isi raseb sirag 4 tamilak iuhategnem ) - icnuk tamilak narikimep akgnareK .

alad ini hawab id nagab adap kapmat itrepes ini naitilenep m

sulkis arP

I sulkiS

kutnu namahamep acabmeM nem nakume kokop edi nagned kinket gnimmiks

II sulkiS

kutnu namahamep acabmeM nem nakume kokop edinagned kinket gnimmiks

agudiD

arP sulkiS

I nakadniT

isidnoKrihka

muleb uruG m nakparene kinket gnimmiks

acabmem naupmameKhisam awsis hadner

II nakadniT


52

iulaleM kinket miks gnim naktakgninem tapadawsis naupmamek acabmem kutnu namahamep

.kokop edi nakumenem .E nakadniT sisetopiH

,sata id rikipreb akgnarek nad naakatsupek naijak lisah nakrasadreB

:tukireb sisetopih nakujaid

kinket napareneP gnimmiks apad acabmem nataigek malad t naktakgninem

pmamek nakumenem kutnu namahamep acabmem awsis nau kokop edi akiteK .

kinket nakparenem awsis gnimmiks iridnes nagned , tapec nagned awsis ayn

nakumenem naitregnep - .naacab malad ada gnay ankam nupuata naitregnep


62

III BAB

ODOTEM IGOL NAITILENEP

.A naitileneP sineJ

nakapurem salek nakadnit naitilenep )81:7002( biqA laniaZ turuneM

pmem kutnu urug helo nakanugid tapad gnay arac utas halas nanayal ikiabre

gnay nakididnep margorp satilauk naktakgninem nad salek id nakaraggnelesid

halokes .nahurulesek araces naitilenep halada nakanugid gnay naitilenep sineJ

( nakadnit noitca hcraeser nagned ) .)KTP( saleK nakadniT naitileneP niased

naiaru apureb fitatilauk atad apureb atad nakanuggnem fitatilauk naitilenep sineJ

atak - atak uata tamilak uata lisah irad nagnaretek atres atad rebmus irad napacu

.itiletid gnay atkaf padahret natamagnep

:utiay kitsiretkarak ikilimem nakadnit naitilenep ,sigolodotem araceS

tafisreb ,nahalasamrep aynidajret isakol adap nakanaskalid ,fitarobalok tafisreb

otapisitrap kadit ,ir lebairav nailadnegnep ayapu ada :7002 ,onojdraP( uggnaggnep

naitregnep nakrasadreB .)01 uti ( salek nakadnit naitilenep , noitca moorssalc

hcraeser kutnu urug nakukalid gnay nakadnit naitilenep sinej utas halas halada )

alebmep satilauk naktakgninem .)21 :7002 ,onojdraP( aynsalek id naraj

naitileneP salek nakadnit ,ini naitilenep adaP .ledom kaynab ikilimem

.traggaTcM nad simmeK ledom utiay nakanugid gnay ledom ini ledoM

utiay ,aynhakgnal paites malad naitilenep nenopmok tapme nakanuggnem

aanacnerep nad nakadniT .)22 :7002 ,onojdraP( iskelfer nad isavresbo ,nakadnit ,n


72

araces nakukalid ini nataigek audek anerak nenopmok utas idajnem isavresbo

.ini hawab id rabmag adap itrepes natlumis nad naamasreb

traggaTcM & simmeK ledoM .1 .rabmaG

.B pmeT nad utkaW ta naitileneP

.1 naitileneP utkaW

P 2 amales nakanaskalid naitilene .1102/0102 narajalep nuhat adap nalub

nalub adap nakanaskalid atad nalibmagneP iluJ - sutsugA 1102 .

.2 naitileneP tapmeT

d salek nakadnit naitileneP PMS id nakanaskali ruhuL idugnaP onrawitnaG

baK .netalK netapu

.C naitileneP kejbuS

atad amatu rebmus halada naitilenep kejbus ,)43 :7002( rawzA turuneM

.itiletid naka gnay lebairav iagabes nakidajid tapad gnay utauses utiay ,naitilenep


82

S awsis halada ini naitilenep malad kejbu PMS ruhuL idugnaP nrawitnaG o ,

I retsemes nuhaT 1102/0102 narajaleP gnay 32 halmujreb .gnaro

.D ataD nalupmugneP talA nad kinkeT

.1 ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

anuggnem nagned naklupmukid ataD nad set kinket nak set kinkeT .tekgna

gnem kutnu sulkis lawa adap tseterp nakirebmem nagned nakukalid iuhate

amek kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem malad awsis naupm nimmiks g.

.2 ataD nalupmugneP talA

kutnu hilipid gnay kinket nakiauseynem atad nalupmugnep talA

.ini hawab id nakiaruid itrepes atad naklupmugnem

.a im iuhategnem kutnu naaynatrep ratfad isireb tekgnA malad awsis tan

.acabmem

.b erp laos rabmeL - ritub irad iridret gnay tset - gnisam adap laos ritub -

naupmamek iuhategnem kutnu sulkis gnisam lawa malad awsis

.acabmem

.c isavresbo rabmeL

kepsa ratfad isireb isavresbo rabmeL - .isavresboid ulrep gnay kepsa

.d laos rabmeL tsop - ritub irad iridret gnay tset - gnisam adap laos ritub -

acabmem malad awsis naupmamek iuhategnem kutnu sulkis gnisam

nakadnit tapadnem haletes .


92

.E naitileneP rudesorP

nakadnit naitileneP iduggnaP PMS id salek L ruhu onrawitnaG nakukalid

t sulkis aud iulalem ,nakadnit anacner irad iridret amatrep sulkiS .nakadni

.iskelfer atres ,isavresbo nad nakadnit naanaskalep S nakapurem audek sulki

amatrep sulkis lisah nakrasadreb nususid nad amatrep sulkis irad nakiabrep

.tubesret

.1 nakadniT naanacnereP

d nakadnit anacneR iridret acabmem narajalebmep naanaskalep mala

irad :

.a narajalebmep oiraneks nanusuyneP

P irah aparebeb ,amatreP .hakgnal aparebeb malad igabret narajalebme

arac narabmag irebid IIIV salek awsis aumes ,nakirebid nakadnit mulebes

kinket nagned acabmem .gnimmiks

.b .acabid kutnu nahab uata iretam nanusuyneP

iapmas anahredes nad hadum gnay irad ialum nakpaisid naacab iretaM

.skelpmok nad gnatnanem hibel gnay narajalep iretam adap

.c nemurtsni nanusuyneP

k nakadnit naitilenep nakukalid taas adap nakanugid gnay nemurtsnI sale

rabmel ,nagnapal natatac rabmel ,isavresbo rabmel irad iridret tseterp nad

.tset tsop

nad 1 sulkis adap utiay ilak aud nakukalid nakadniT naanacnereP

.2 sulkis T nanaskalep irad lisah nakrasadreb nususid 2 sulkis adap nakadni

.1 sulkis adap anacner


03

.2 eP isavresbO nad nakadniT naanaskal

.sulkis uata pahat paites adap nakukalid isavresbo nad nakadnit naanaskaleP

.a I sulkiS

)1 nataigek nagnacnaR

d 1 sulkiS 52 laggnat adap nakanaskali iluj 1102 maj 2 amales

00.70 lukup narajalep - 3.80 .0 eh gnay narajalebmep naujuT iapacid kadn

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem tapad awsis inkay .gnimmiks 1 sulkiS

itukignem malad awsis natabilretek nad naupmamek raga nakanaskalid ini

urug uti kutnU .takgninem nikames acabmem narajalebmep

uggnem nagned kokop edi acabmem nakisanibmokgnem kinket nakan

gnimmiks .dujuwret tapad iapacid kadneh gnay naujut raga

acabmem kutnu atnimid awsis akitek aynmulebes naumetrep adaP

hotnoc nakirebmem kadit urug ,lekitra haubes - acabmem arac hotnoc

ks i .gnimm ulal kopmolek malad ek kusam hurusid aynah awsiS acabmem

naktiluynem ataynret ini laH .urug helo nakaidesid hadus gnay lekitra

acabmem malad natilusek asarem awsiS .awsis gnimmiks nakumenem nad

.acabmem natapecek rukugnem arac nad fargarap utaus malad kokop edi

ajalebmep sata id nagnaretek nakrasadreB nagned ilawaid 1 sulkis adap nar

akam ,acabmem awsis nad urug haleteS .lekitra haubes acabmem nataigek

acabmem gnatnet iretam nasalu uata nataugnep nakadagnem ulrep urug

gnimmiks nataigeK .fargarap utaus malad kokop edi nakumenem nad


13

usam awsis ayntujnales kutnU .lekitra acabmem kopmolek malad k

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem awsis utnabmem .gnimmiks

)1 .iretam nairebmep nakadnit nakanaskaleM

)a( s adapek naksalejnem uruG gnatnet awsi acabmem naujut

)b( gnatnet naksalejnem uruG naacab duskam pakgnanem arac nagned

t kinke gnimmiks .

)c( apureb naacab iretam acabmem awsiS lekitra nakpaisid halet gnay

itilenep helo .

dap urug ayapU utas iulalem nakukalid I sulkis a naumetrep

urug ,ialumid narajalebmep mulebes ,1 naumetrep adaP .narajalebmep

nay narajalebmep naujut nakakumegnem awsis inkay iapacid kadneh g

edi acabmem upmam nad narajalebmep malad tabilret nakparahid

kinket nagned kokop s .gnimmik naujut naksalejnem haleteS

nagned natiakreb bawaj aynat nakukalem uruG ,narajalebmep

nlasim nakaynatid gnay naaynatrep aparebeB .acabmem aparebes ,ay

haubes acabmem adna apa naadaek malad ,acabmem adna hakgnires

awsis raga nakukalid ini laH .acab adnA gnires gnay apa ukub ,lekitra

tapad aggnihes acabmem gnatnet iretam tagnignem tapad

.narajalebmep naujut iapacnem hadumrepmem

naaynatreP - trep upmam ataynret urug nakujaid gnay naayna

acabmem gnires bawajnem gnay adA .awis helo kiab nagned bawajid

bawajnem gnay aguj ada ,numaN .acabmem iakuynem nasala nagned

irebid akiteK .naknasobmem acabmem anerak acabmem gnaraj


23

ay apa naacab gnatnet naaynatrep awsis nakaynabek ,iakus adna gn

.kednep aynatirec anerek neprec acabmem bawajnem

lekitra haubes acabmem awsis ,bawaj aynat nakukalem haleteS

urug ,ayntujnales nakadniT .lekitra malad kokop edi nakumenem kutnu

gnep ianegnem nasagenep uata nasalejnep irebmem acabmem naitre

raneb awsis haleteS .kokop edi nad tapec - awsis ,itregnem raneb

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem naklupmiynem kutnu atnimid

gnimmiks .

kopmolek aparebeb idajnem igabid awsis ,ayntukireb hakgnaL

luduj nagned lekitra tapadnem kopmolek paites nad amas gnay

gnisam saguT .natukgnasreb kopmolek malad awsis halmujes - gnisam

nakanuggnem nagned lekitra acabmem utiay kopmolek malad awsis

kinket gnimmiks rukugnem nad kokop edi iracnem akerem uti haleteS .

rug ,irihkaid narajalebmep mulebes acabmem natapecek irebmem u

nahital kutnu lekitra iracnem kutnu awsis adapek hamur naajrekep

.hamur id acabmem

)2 .isavresbO

,nakiratretek iuhategnem kutnu salek anasaus tahilem itileneP

kinket nagned acabmem awsis naupmamek nad ,isavitom .gnimmiks

gnaro aud utnabid itileneP nakukalem malad rotarobalok iagabes urug

.natamagnep araces itamagnem arac nagned nakukalid isavresbO

isavresbo pahaT .salek id rajagnem rajaleb sesorp gnusgnal

narajalebmep padahret natamagnep nakukalem kutnu naktaafnamid


33

t adaP .gnusgnalreb gnades gnay atkaf aparebeb helorepid ini paha

narajalebmep nakanaskalem malad urug awhab nakujnunem gnay

tahilret awsis uti nialeS .nususid halet gnay PPR adap namodepreb

racnal kopmolekreb araces sagut nakajregnem atnimid akitek saisutna

dA .sagut nakiaseleynem malad imalagnem gnay kopmolek 4 a

.acabmem natapecek rukugnem naidumek acabmem malad natilusek

itilenep ,narajalebmep sesorp amales natamagnep nakukalem nialeS

malad awsis natabilretek kiab atad sisilana nakukalem aguj

.narajalebmep

usgnalreb narajalebmep amaleS nakukalem itilenep ,gn

.narajalebmep malad awsis natabilretek padahret natamagnep

naitahrep )1( :utiay rotakidni aparebeb irad tahilid awsis natabilreteK

awsis isapisitrap )2( ,naksalejnem urug taas urug padahret awsis

jagnem awsiS )3( ,naaynatrep bawajnem awsiS )4( ,naaynatrep naku

)6( ,kopmolek sagut nakajregnem awsiS )5( ,tapadnep nakujagnem

t nakajregnem awsiS kidni nakrasadreB .udividni sagu rota - rotakidni

5 ihunemem alibapa fitka nakatakid awsis tubesret - rotakidni 6

ret akij fitka nakatakid ,natabilretek 3 tabil - gnologret nad ,rotakidni 4

1 tabilret aynah akij fitka kadit - .rotakidni 2

81 nad fitka kadit nakatakid awsis 5 helorepid natamagnep iraD

gnay awsis ada kadit ini 1 sulkis adap ,nial atak nagneD .fitka awsis

seM .fitka tagnas awsis malad gnologret tapad ,naikimed nupik


43

kiab hibel huaj awsis natabilretek ini 1 sulkis adap awhab nakatakid

apirad mok adap anerak lawa isidnok ad gnay awsis 5 aynah lawa isi

adap awhab iuhatekid tapad ,idaJ .fitka awsis irogetak malad gnologret

t awsis %08 rasebes 1 sulkis narajalebmep malad fitka tabilre

.acabmem

)3 iskelfeR

iskelfeR sesorp ilabmek nakgnunerem nagned nakanaskalid

nakduskamid ini nagnunereP .naknalajid halet gnay narajalebmep

ilabmek naka salek nakadnit hakapa nagnabmitrep nakirebmem kutnu

.nakukalid

pahaT isuksidreb kutnu naktaafnamid itilenep helo iskelfer

narajalebmep haletes nakanaskalid iskelfeR .iduts gnadib urug nagned

kokop edi acabmem narajalebmep iulaleM .gnusgnalreb 1 sulkis adap

kinket nagned gnimmiks kinket naanuggnep awhab iuhatekiid

gnimmiks e .awsis naupmamek nad natabilretek naktakgninem fitkef

kinket naanuggneP gnimmiks acabmem kutnu awsis gnaulep irebmem

edi akumenem nad isamrofni pareynem kutnu tamrec nad itilet nagned

.fargarap utaus malad kokop

)4 isaulavE

isaulave nakrasadreB ulkis adap kopmolek aud ada hisam 1 s

acabmem malad natilusek imalagnem gnay anug namahamep

pakgnanem kinket nagned kokop edi .gnimmiks awsis ada uti nialeS


53

ulam gnay - .acabmem akitek irid ayacrep gnaruk tahilret nad ulam laH

muleb asarem awsis arap anerak idajret ini nagned acabmem asaibret

kinket gnimmiks .

tnU enep ,tubesret lah isatagnem ku II sulkis nakadagnem itil

malad awsis natabilretek nad naupmamek nakpatnamem kutnu

isavitom irebmem ulrep urug ,II sulkis adaP .acabmem narajalebmep

m kadit awsis raga awsis adapek ula - ulrep uruG .acabmem malad ulam

hisam gnay awsis padahret nagnipmadnep nad natakednep nakukalem

.acabmem malad natilusek imalagnem

.b I sulkiS I

.rajagnem rajaleb nataigek lisah tahilem kutnu naujutreb ini pahaT

nataigeK - II pahat nataigek rasadreb nususid sulkis adap set sop lisah nak

.aynmulebes :tukireb iagabes II sulkis adap nataigek naanaskalep nupadA

)1 .iretam nairebmep nakadnit nakanaskaleM

isireb aynitni adap ini pahat adap iretam nairebmep nakadniT

:tukireb nataigek

)a naksalejnem uruG ilabmek kinket ks gnimmi awsis adapek

)b .naacab duskam pakgnanem arac gnatnet naksalejnem uruG

)c apureb naacab iretam acabmem awsiS lekitra nakpaisid halet gnay

itilenep helo .


63

2 amales 1102 sutsugA 31 laggnat adap nakanaskalid II sulkiS

alebmep naujuT .)tinem 09( narajalep maj iapacid kadneh gnay naraj

naupmamek nad natabilretek nakpatnamem inkay ini II sulkis adap

kinket nakanuggnem nagneD .acabmem narajalebmep malad awsis

.gnimmiks nad naupmamek naktakgninem tafisreb ini II sulkiS

ini sulkis adap ,uti kutnU .awsis natabilretek nasabebek irebid awsis

lisah padahret naialinep nakirebmem gnilas arac nagned akerem ayrak

acabmem alibapa nad nakusam irebmem nad naajrekep nakrakunem

nakrasadreb ikiabrepmem surah awsis ,kiab muleb aynaklisahid gnay

.urug nad namet irad nakusam

hakgnaL - kutnu PPR malad gnautret hadus tubesret hakgnal

narepreb urug ini II sulkis id narajalebmep malad ,uti nialeS .II sulkis

nad natakednep nakukalem ulrep gnay rotatilisaf iagabes

gnologret I sulkis adap gnay awsis igab aynsusuhk nagnipmadnep

y kopmolek malad .fisap gna

naujut nakakumegnem urug ,ialumid narajalebmep mulebeS

nad tabilret nakparahid awsis inkay iapacid kadneh gnay narajalebmep

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem malad lipmaret .gnimmiks

tilusek nagned natiakreb bawaj aynat nakukalem urug ,ayntujnaleS na -

nagned kokop edi acabmem akitek awsis helo ipadahid gnay natilusek

kinket .gnimmiks ,aynlasim nakaynatid gnay naaynatrep apareB

acabmem adna apa naadaek malad ,acabmem adna hakgnires aparebes

kalid ini laH .acab adnA gnires gnay apa ukub ,lekitra haubes raga naku


73

tapad aggnihes acabmem gnatnet iretam tagnignem tapad awsis

raga nakukalid ini laH .narajalebmep naujut iapacnem hadumrepmem

edi acabmem kutnu atnimid akij natilusek imalagnem kadit awsis

kinket nagned kokop .gnimmiks

ites ,ayntujnales nataigeK a itra luduj utas irebid kopmolek p lek

lekitra acabmem kopmolek atoggna paites naidumek amas gnay

kinket nagned .gnimmiks acabmem natapecek rukugnem uti haduseS

ini laH .acabid gnay lekitra haubes malad kokop edi iracnem nad

acabem naupmamek raga nakukalid hakgnaL .takgninem awsis

ragA .acabid gnay lekitra gnatnet naaynatrep irebid awsis ayntukireb

kutnu natapmesek irebid awsis ,tapec acabmem gnatnet mahap awsis

ayniakiabrepmem ulrep awsis akaM .namet naajrekep iskerogem

P .urug nad namet nakusam nakrasadreb nagned irihkaid narajalebme

.gnusgnalreb narajalebmep nataigek ianegnem nalupmisek nakiranep

)2 .isavresbO

itileneP ,nakiratretek iuhategnem kutnu salek anasaus tahilem

nagned acabmem awsis naupmamek nad ,isavitom .gnimmiks kinket

gnaro aud utnabid itileneP nakukalem malad rotarobalok iagabes urug

.natamagnep

nakukalem kutnu nakanugid itilenep helo isavresbo pahaT

iulaleM .gnusgnalreb gnades gnay narajalebmep padahret natamagnep

narajalebmep nakanaskalem malad urug awhab iuhatekid ini pahat


83

PR adap namodepreb nakukalem uruG .nususid halet gnay P

imalagnem hisam gnay awsis adapek nagnibmib nad natakednep

huggnus tahilret awsis natamagnep nakrasadreB .natilusek - hugnus

.sagut nakajregnem nad acabmem narajalebmep itukignem malad

p amales matamagnep nakukalem nialeS itilenep ,narajalebmep sesor

narajalebmep malad awsis natabilretek atad sisilana nakukalem aguj

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem .gnimmiks

padahret natamagnep nakukalem itilenep ,ini II sulkis adaP

gnusgnalreb acabmem narajalebmep akitek awsis natabilretek iulalem ,

narajalebmep malad tabilret kadit awsis 2 iuhatekid natamagnep lisah

malad fitka awsis 12 nad ,fisap awsis irogetak malad kusamret uata

.acabmem narajalebmep itukignem %09 rasebes II sulkis adap idaJ

narajalebmep itukignem fitka awsis .

)3 iskelfeR

R iskelfe nakanaskalid sesorp ilabmek nakgnunerem nagned

nakduskamid ini nagnunereP .naknalajid halet gnay narajalebmep

ilabmek naka salek nakadnit hakapa nagnabmitrep nakirebmem kutnu

.nakukalid isuksidreb kutnu naktaafnamid itilenep helo ini pahaT

g nagned haletes nakukalid iskelfer pahaT .iduts gnadib uru

.iaseles atad asilana sesorp nad II sulkis adap narajalebmep iulaleM

:tukireb iagabes utiay lah aparebeb helorepid isuksid


93

)a laH .takgninem narajalebmep itukignem malad awsis nasuireseK

agned nakitkubid ini atad adap roks natakgninep aynada n

naklupmisid tapad ,tubesret lah nakrasadreB .awsis natabilretek

kinket naanuggnep awhab gnimmiks naktakgninem tapad itkubret

edotem naanuggnep nad narajalebmep malad awsis natabilretek

kinknet nagned kokop edi acabmem ks gnimmi naktakgninem tapad

.acabmem malad awsis naupmamek

)b ulrep kadit naksutupid isuksid iulaleM s gnay tegrat anerek III sulki

idni malad nakpatetid k .iapacret hadus nalisahrebek rota

)4 isaulavE

kinket nagned namahamep acabmem nataigeK gnimmiks anug

gnanem awsiS .kiab hibel nalajreb naacab utaus malad kokop edi pak -

kinket nakanuggnem hadum hibel asarem awsis gnimmiks awsiS . -

nupiksem acabmem arac ilabmek ignalugnem aynah asarem awsis

naupmameK .aynmulebes sket nagned adebreb gnay naacab sket adap

sis acabmem roks naiapacnep irad tahilid kiab hibel kapmat aguj aw

.awsis ialin uata


04

VI BAB

LISAH NAITILENEP NASAHABMEP NAD

.A ataD ispirkseD

.1 ataD sulkisarP

iulalem anerak acabmem naupmamek nakhutubmem awsis paiteS

ajalepmem upmam awsis ,acabmem nataigek iretam ir - gnay narajalep iretam

nakayapugnem halet aisenodnI asahab urug ,uti kutnU .halokes id nakrajaid

awsis raga - acabmem naujut raga acabmem naupmamek ikilimem aynawsis

natamagneP .naacab utaus irad isi imahamem awsis utiay ,iapacret tapad

nauluhadnep awsis gnorodnem ulales urug naktahilrepmem - aynawsis

acabmem kutnu awsis adapek sagut nakirebmem arac nagned acabmem

naacab - .aisenodnI asahab narajalep ukub malad ada gnay utnetret naacab

awsis atnimem nagned ijuid awsis acabmem naupmameK - kutnu awsis

wajnem .tubesret naacab rihka naigab adap aidesret gnay naaynatrep ba

acabmem malad awsis naupmamek naktakgninem kutnu urug ayapU

gnaraj tagnas uruG .nasagunep edotem nakparenem nagned gnires hibel

edotem nakparenem - acabmem ,fisnetni acabmem itrepes nial edotem ,tapec

kinket gnimmiks kinket mulebes ,ini naitilenep adaP .aynnial gnay uata

gnimmiks gnatnet isamrofni iracnem itilenep ulud hibelret ,nakparetid

naupmamek malad awsis acabmem P ,ini lah malaD .kokop edi silune

edi acabmem malad awsis naupmamek setegnem atnimid awsis paiteS .kokop

itilenep nakpaisid halet gnay lekitra acabmem kutnu gnay acabmem utkaW .


14

utiay nakaidesid itilenep ,iaseles acabmem nataigek haleteS .tinem 02

edi aparebeb naksilunem kutnu awsis paites atnimem - paites irad kokop edi

adap ainela lisaH .naialinep nakirebmem itilenep ,uti haleteS .satrek rabmeles

1.5 lebaT adap kapmat itrepes naialinep

lebaT 4 .1. lawA isidnoK kokoP edI acabmeM awsiS naupmameK saleK nakadniT mulebeS

oN awsiS amaN isidnoK

lawA esatnesreP

)%( naiapacreteK

airetirKK nasatnute

laminiM)MKK(

1 uhuT aytsarP ijA 07 3,39 57 2 atnedanreB

itnatakuS 08 6,601 57

3 okranajiW unaD 07 3,39 57 4 onoskaciW irbeF 09 0,021 57 5 itutsA iwD areV 05 6,66 57 6 .S aliM acsisnarF

.N 06 0,08 57

7 odlA acsisnarF 58 3,311 57 8 T gnugA .H ir 08 6,601 57 9 .P inuY akI 06 0,08 57 01 .P itaJ ansirK 57 0.001 57 11 iratseL 57 0.001 57 21 nitsugA asiL 56 6,68 57 31 .W irA suisneroL 57 0.001 57 41 iwD anaileM

irtifaS 08 6,601 57

51 kitiT neN 06 0,08 57 61 anailreB asinA .O 08 6,601 57 71 .S gnugA kirteP 57 0.001 57 81 omonruP 07 3,39 57 91 idayrahuS 08 6,601 57 02 itayimuS 57 0.001 57 12 amatarP ahduY 57 0.001 57 22 imatU irS atsiluY 05 6,66 57 32 nawranuY 06 0,08 57

halmuJ 0951 2,29 5271 ataR - atar 31,96


24

mem lawa isidnoK muleb gnay awsis kaynab hisam naktahilrep

ataR .halokes helo nakpatetid gnay laminim ialin radnats iapacnem - awsis atar

.MKK hawab id huaj hisam mumu araces aggnihes 31,96 aynah awsis 32 iraD

laH .57 laminim ialin iapacnem kadit gnay awsis 01 ada hisam ini

kokop edi acabmem upmam muleb gnay awsis kaynab hisam naktahilrepmem

.kiab nagned

.2 ataD I sulkiS

ataD I sulkis isireb utiay salek nakadnit naitilenep naanaskalep lisah

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem awsis naupmamek gnatnet atad apureb

gnimmiks aleteS . edi acabmem awsis naupmamek ,salek nakadnit nakirebid h

:tukireb lebaT adap kapmat itrepes kokop

iulalem iuhatekid kokop edi acabmem malad awsis naupmameK

malad naaynatrep halmujes helo silutret araces bawajid gnay naaynatrep ratfad

s nabawaJ .awsis aumes naktahilrepmem gnay atad nakapurem awsi

edi pakgnanem tapad awsis anamhuajes - gnay lekitra adap kokop edi

lebaT adap nakrapapid awsis nabawaj ialiN .kopmolekreb araces aynacabid

4.2 .tukireb .

lebaT 4.2 kokoP edI acabmeM awsiS naupmameK .

oN awsiS amaN sulkiS 1 esatnesreP)%(

naiapacreteK

airetirK nasatnuteK laminiM

)MKK( 1 uhuT aytsarP ijA 09 0,021 57 2 atnedanreB

itnatakuS 09 0,021 57

3 okranajiW unaD 04 3,35 57


34

4 onoskaciW irbeF 09 0,021 57 5 itutsA iwD areV 08 6,601 57 6 .N .S aliM acsisnarF 58 3,311 57 7 odlA acsisnarF 09 0,021 57 8 .H irT gnugA 06 0,08 57 9 .P inuY akI 08 6,601 57

01 .P itaJ ansirK 09 0,021 57 11 iratseL 57 0,001 57 21 nitsugA asiL 07 3,39 57 31 .W irA suisneroL 09 0,021 57 oN

awsiS amaN

1 sulkiS

esatnesreP)%(

iapacreteK na

airetirK nasatnuteK

laminiM)MKK(

41 irtifaS iwD anaileM 08 6,601 57 51 kitiT neN 57 0,001 57 61 anailreB asinA .O 08 6,601 57 71 .S gnugA kirteP 07 3,39 57 81 omonruP 09 0,021 57 91 idayrahuS 56 6,68 57 02 itayimuS 06 0,08 57 12 amatarP ahduY 09 0,021 57 22 imatU irS atsiluY 09 0,021 57 32 nawranuY 06 0,08 57

ataR halmuJ - atar 0071 5,89 5271 ataR - atar 19,37

lebaT 4.2 naktahilrepmem 0071 iapacnem nahurulesek ialin halmuj

atar tapadid aggnihes - sis ialin mumu araces ,aynitrA .19,37 atar id hisam aw

itamrecid laibapa ,naikimed nupikseM .MKK hawab aynah )%5,03( 7 ada

.57 rasebes MKK ialin hawab id hisam aynialin gnay awsis

.3 ataD II sulkiS

ataD II sulkis isireb utiay salek nakadnit naitilenep naanaskalep lisah

naupmamek gnatnet atad apureb kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem awsis

.gnimmiks iulalem iuhatekid kokop edi acabmem malad awsis naupmameK


44

helo silutret araces bawajid gnay naaynatrep ratfad isireb gnay renoiseuk

naktahilrepmem gnay atad nakapurem awsis nabawaJ .awsis aumes

is anamhuajes edi pakgnanem tapad aws - gnay lekitra adap kokop edi


4.3 .tukireb .


oN

awsiS amaN

II sulkiS

esatnesreP)%(

naiapacreteK

airetirKatnuteK nas

)MKK( laminiM 1 uhuT aytsarP ijA 09 0,021 57 2 itnatakuS atnedanreB 08 6,601 57 3 okranajiW unaD 57 0,001 57 4 onoskaciW irbeF 09 0,021 57 5 itutsA iwD areV 09 0,021 57 6 .N .S aliM acsisnarF 08 6,601 57 7 odlA acsisnarF 08 6,601 57 8 irT gnugA .H 09 0,021 57 9 .P inuY akI 57 0,001 57

01 .P itaJ ansirK 09 0,021 57 11 iratseL 08 6,601 57 21 nitsugA asiL 09 0,021 57 31 .W irA suisneroL 09 0,021 57 41 irtifaS iwD anaileM 08 6,601 57 51 kitiT neN 58 3,311 57 61 anailreB asinA .O 09 0,021 57 71 .S gnugA kirteP 07 3,39 57 81 omonruP 08 6,601 57 91 idayrahuS 09 0,021 57 02 itayimuS 07 3,39 57 12 amatarP ahduY 59 6,621 57 22 imatU irS atsiluY 57 0,001 57 32 nawranuY 06 0,08 57

halmuJ 5181 2,501 5271 ataR - atar 19,87

lebaT 4.3 pmem naktahilre atar - aggnihes 19,87 iapacnem ialin atar

itamrecid alibapa ,ipateT .MKK ialin iapacnem halet nahurulesek araces irad


54

hawab id hisam aynialin gnay awsis )%40,31( 3 ada hisam salek id awsis 32

iapacnem hadus gnay awsis 02 adA .57 rasebes MKK ialin MKK sata id ialin

.amatarP ahduY amanreb awsis utiay 59 iapacnem iggnitret ialin nagned

.B ataD sisilanA

.1 I sulkiS nad sulkisarP nagnidnabreP

nakukalid halet I sulkis adap acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem ayapU

p lawa adaP .narajalep rihka aggnih lawa irad naksalejnem urug ,narajale

tapec acabmem kinket utas halaS .tapec acabmem irad naujut nad duskam

kinket nagned halada .gnimmiks awhab nasalejnep nakirebmem uruG

kinket nagned acabmem gnimmiks paites kadit anerak nakukalid tapec hibel

lad tamilak uata atak sirag acabmem aynah ipatet ,acabid lekitra ma - raseb sirag

lah uata - kokop nad ,luduj bus ,luduj itrepes acabid gnay kokop lah - kokop

h nagned fargarap paites narikip a tapec nad hadum nagned tapad napar

.lekitra utaus irad kokop edi nakumenem

itni naigab adaP s , raneb awsis halete - atnimid awsis ,itregnem raneb

naklupmiynem kutnu aigek t na acabmem kinket nagned kokop edi gnimmiks .

paites nad kopmolek aparebeb idajnem igabid awsis ,ayntukireb hakgnaL

tapadnem kopmolek utas lekitra amas gnay luduj nagned am saguT . gnis -

kinket nakanuggnem nagned lekitra acabmem utiay kopmolek gnisam

gnimmiks natapecek rukugnem nad kokop edi iracnem akerem uti haleteS .

.acabmem

awsis amalaS - nad itamagnem itilenep nad urug ,lekitra acabmem awsis

olek ek kopmolek utas irad gnililekreb fitka itilenep nad uruG .nial kopm


64

nakharagnem arac nagned acabmem tabmal kapmat gnay awsis isavitomem

gnitnep gnay acabmem aynah raga - natapecek iuhategnem kutnU .ajas gnitnep

nakkujnut aboc ?aynacabmem anam id iapmaS“ :aynatreb urug ,acabmem

umiraj nagned helo nakkujnutid gnay iraj nakareg irad iuhategnem uruG ”.

nad urug ,inis iraD .aynacabid hadus gnay gnay namalah id ainela adap awsis

tapec hibel acabmem tapad tubesret awsis raga nakharagnem tapad itilenep

tamilak adap sukof nagned igal - .amatu tamilak mulebes ,rihka naigab adaP

irihkaid narajalebmep kutnu awsis adapek hamur naajrekep irebmem urug

.aynacabmem naidumek lekitra iracnem nakparahid hamur id nahital nagneD

.kiab hibel tapad kokop edi acabmem malad awsis naupmamek

acabmem malad awsis naupmameK iulalem iuhatekid kokop edi

malad naaynatrep halmujes helo silutret araces bawajid gnay naaynatrep ratfad

naktahilrepmem gnay atad nakapurem awsis nabawaJ .awsis aumes


kreb araces aynacabid lebaT adap nakrapapid awsis nabawaj ialiN .kopmole

4.4 .tukireb .


oN awsiS amaN lawA isidnoK 1 sulkiS nasatnuteK airetirK)MKK( laminiM

ialiN % ialiN % 1 uhuT aytsarP ijA 07 3,39 09 0,021 57 2 S atnedanreB itnataku 08 6,601 09 0,021 57 3 okranajiW unaD 07 3,39 04 3,35 57 4 onoskaciW irbeF 09 0,021 09 0,021 57 5 itutsA iwD areV 05 6,66 08 6,601 57 6 .N .S aliM acsisnarF 06 0,08 58 3,311 57 7 odlA acsisnarF 58 3,311 09 0,021 57 8 .H irT gnugA 08 6,601 06 0,08 57 9 .P inuY akI 06 0,08 08 6,601 57

01 .P itaJ ansirK 57 0.001 09 0,021 57 11 iratseL 57 0.001 57 0,001 57 21 nitsugA asiL 56 6,68 07 3,39 57


74

31 .W irA suisneroL 57 0.001 09 0,021 57 41 irtifaS iwD anaileM 08 6,601 08 6,601 57 51 kitiT neN 06 0,08 57 0,001 57 61 anailreB asinA .O 08 6,601 08 6,601 57 71 .S gnugA kirteP 57 0.001 07 3,39 57 81 omonruP 07 3,39 09 0,021 57 91 idayrahuS 08 6,601 56 6,68 57 02 itayimuS 57 0.001 06 0,08 57 12 amatarP ahduY 57 0.001 09 0,021 57 22 irS atsiluY imatU 05 6,66 09 0,021 57 32 nawranuY 06 0,08 06 0,08 57

ataR - atar 31,96 2,29

awsis arap irad ialin naiapacnep adap kapmat naupmamek natakgnineP

idajnem MKK hawab id aynialin gnay awsis 01 ada alumes gnay aggnihes

ada ,naikimed numaN .awsis 7 aynah urtsuj aynialin gnay awsis aparebeb

.H ,idayrahuS ,itayimuS :utiay awsis tapme ialin adap nakkujnutid nurut

:tukireb iagabes nakakumegnem itayimuS .okranajiW unaD nad ,H irT gnugA

nakukalem aay tilus asarem ayas koK ,gnimmiks gnay aynkokop edit atak…anam .aay gnugnib idaj ,nial kok ayas turunem ipat ,utigeb name

.aynasaib itrepes iridnes acabmem ualak hadum hibeL

awsiS - awsis 31 ada naupmamek natakgninep imalagnem gnay awsis

acsisnarF ,itutsA iwD areV ,itnatakuS atnedanreB ,uhuT aytsarP ijA :utiay

.S aliM asiL ,.W irA suisneroL ,.P itaJ ansirK ,.P inuY akI ,odlA acsisnarF ,.N

awsiS .omonruP nad ,amatarP ahduY ,imatU irS atsiluY ,kitiT neN ,nitsugA -

gnay ialin irad tahilid naupmamek aynada nakkujnunem muleb gnay awsis

kis haduses nad mulebes aratna amas patet irbeF utiay gnaro 4 ada I sul

isidnoK .anailreB asinA .O nad nawranuY ,irtifaS iwD anaileM ,onoskaciW

ihuragnepmem tuki gnay nial rotkaf ada awhab naktahilrepmem tubesret

ulrep akam ,ini I sulkis lisah nakrasadreB .kokop edi acabmem naupmamek


84

p nakukalid kinket nagned acabmem narajalebme gnimmiks sulkis adap

.ayntukireb

.2 II sulkis nad I sulkiS nagnidnabreP

adap nakrasadreb II sulkis adap salek nakadnit nakparenem ilabmek uruG

.aynmulebes sulkis naijak lisah naktahilrepmem II sulkis adap urug ayapU

ngnitnep .narajalebmep sesorp amales fitka araces awsis naktabilem ay

huggnus kapmat awsis narajalebmep amales nakidajnem awsis nafitkaeK -

edi nakumenem nupikseM .lekitra acabmem nataigek itukignem huggnus

bmem awsis paites ipatet ,kopmolekreb araces nakukalid kokop lekitra aca

.acabmem fitka naadaek malad awsis paites aggnihes

sulkis id ,I sulkis id narajalebmep lawa adap nakukalid gnay itrepes amaS

gnay narajalebmep naujut nakiapmaynem urug narajalebmep lawa adap II

lebmep naujut nakiapmaynem haleteS .iapacid kadneh awsis nad urug ,naraja

natilusek ianegnem bawaj aynat nakukalem - taas adap ipadahid gnay natilusek

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem gnimmiks awsiS .ulal gnay naumetrep adap

bawajnem gnay adA .urug irad naaynatrep bawajnem malad saisutna kapmat

alad natilusek natilusek gnay aguj ada ,acabmem natapecek rukugnem m

.fargarap utaus malad kokop edi iracnem

kopmolek malad kusam awsis paites ,iaseles bawaj aynat sesorp haleteS

awsis paites utiay ayntukireb saguT .lekitra haubes nakigabmem urug ulal

em kopmolek malad edi iracnem naidumeK .naitnagreb araces lekitra acabm

aumes ,acabmem sesorp amaleS .acabmem natapecek rukugnem nad kokop


94

hugnus tahilret awsis - gnililekreb uruG .sagut nakajregnem malad hugnus

gnay awsis gnibmibmem nad awsis naajrekep askiremem nad nagnaur

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem malad natilusek imalagnem gnimmiks .

,natilusek imalagnem ai akiteK .awsis irid adap idajret gnay aynlah naikimeD

nagneD .nagnibmib tapadnem raga urug adapek nakaynanem gnusgnal ai akam

hilret narajalebmep uti itrepes naadaek isakinumok ada anerak pudih nikames ta

.awsis nad urug aratna kiab gnay

kutnu naajrekep lisah nakrakunem gnilas awsis ayntujnales pahaT

.licek kopmolek malad namet irad nakusam nad naialinep naktapadnem

naklupmugnem awsis aumes utiay ayntujnales nakadniT nad naajrekep

ianegnem awsis nad urug helo nalupmisek nakiranep irihkaid narajalebmep

.acabmem iretem

iulalem iuhatekid kokop edi acabmem malad awsis naupmameK

helo silutret araces bawajid gnay naaynatrep ratfad isireb gnay renoiseuk

nabawaJ .awsis aumes naktahilrepmem gnay atad nakapurem awsis



4.3 .tukireb .


oN awsiS amaN lkiS 1 su II sulkiS airetirK nasatnuteK

laminiM)MKK(

ialiN % ialiN % 1 uhuT aytsarP ijA 09 0,021 09 0,021 57 2 atnedanreB

itnatakuS 09 0,021 08 6,601 57


05

3 okranajiW unaD 04 3,35 57 0,001 57 4 onoskaciW irbeF 09 0,021 09 0,021 57 5 itutsA iwD areV 08 6,601 09 0,021 57 6 .N .S aliM acsisnarF 58 3,311 08 6,601 57 7 odlA acsisnarF 09 0,021 08 6,601 57 8 .H irT gnugA 06 0,08 09 0,021 57 9 .P inuY akI 08 6,601 57 0,001 57 01 .P itaJ ansirK 09 0,021 09 0,021 57 11 iratseL 57 0,001 08 6,601 57 21 asiL nitsugA 07 3,39 09 0,021 57 31 .W irA suisneroL 09 0,021 09 0,021 57 41 irtifaS iwD anaileM 08 6,601 08 6,601 57 51 kitiT neN 57 0,001 58 3,311 57 61 anailreB asinA .O 08 6,601 09 0,021 57 71 .S gnugA kirteP 07 3,39 07 3,39 57 81 omonruP 09 0,021 08 6,601 57 91 idayrahuS 56 6,68 09 0,021 57 02 itayimuS 06 0,08 07 3,39 57 12 amatarP ahduY 09 0,021 59 6,621 57 22 imatU irS atsiluY 09 0,021 57 0,001 57 32 nawranuY 06 0,08 06 0,08 57

19,37 19,87

.C nasahabmeP

S tahilrepmem II sulkis nad I sulki awsis naktabilem ayngnitnep nak

nakidajnem awsis nafitkaeK .narajalebmep sesorp amales fitka araces

huggnus kapmat awsis narajalebmep amales - nataigek itukignem huggnus

araces nakukalid kokop edi nakumenem nupikseM .lekitra acabmem

wsis paites ,kopmolekreb malad awsis paites aggnihes lekitra acabmem a

.acabmem fitka naadaek

adaP .narajalebmep lawa kajes awsis natabilretek nakhubmunem uruG

kadneh gnay narajalebmep naujut nakiapmaynem urug narajalebmep lawa

ug ,narajalebmep naujut nakiapmaynem haleteS .iapacid awsis nad ur

natilusek ianegnem bawaj aynat nakukalem - adap ipadahid gnay natilusek


15

kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem taas gnimmiks .ulal gnay naumetrep adap

gnay adA .urug irad naaynatrep bawajnem malad saisutna kapmat awsiS

imahamem malad natilusek bawajnem natilusek gnay aguj ada ,naacab

.fargarap utaus malad kokop edi iracnem

malad kusam awsis paites ,iaseles bawaj aynat sesorp haleteS

utiay ayntukireb saguT .lekitra haubes nakigabmem urug ulal kopmolek

iridnes lekitra acabmem awsis paites - alad id iridnes .aynkopmolek m

amaleS .acabmem natapecek rukugnem nad kokop edi iracnem naidumeK

hugnus tahilret awsis aumes ,acabmem sesorp - nakajregnem malad hugnus

nad awsis naajrekep askiremem nad nagnaur gnililekreb uruG .sagut

atilusek imalagnem gnay awsis gnibmibmem kokop edi acabmem malad n

kinket nagned .gnimmiks .awsis irid adap idajret gnay aynlah naikimeD

urug adapek nakaynanem gnusgnal ai akam ,natilusek imalagnem ai akiteK

tahilret narajalebmep uti itrepes naadaek nagneD .nagnibmib tapadnem raga

pudih nikames .awsis nad urug aratna kiab gnay isakinumok ada anerak

kutnu naajrekep lisah nakrakunem gnilas awsis ayntujnales pahaT

.licek kopmolek malad namet irad nakusam nad naialinep naktapadnem

nakirebmem anug nakukalid nial awsis irad nakusam nad naialineP abdeef kc

imahapid gnay apa padahret nakiabrep nakirebmem anug kilab napmu uata

iaseles aumes haleteS .lekitra malad tapadret gnay kokop edi gnatnet awsis

nad naajrekep naklupmugnem awsis paites ,nakusam nakirebmem

helo nalupmisek nakiranep irihkaid narajalebmep ianegnem awsis nad urug

.acabmem iretem


25

adap kapmat itrepes natakgninep imalagnem awsiS naupmameK

kiab hibel gnay I sulkis adap acabmem naupmamek ialin ayntakgninem

.I sulkis adapirad kiab hibel gnay II sulkis ialin atres ,aynmulebes adapirad

.5 lebaT 4 kokoP edI acabmeM awsiS naupmameK .

oN awsiS amaN arPsulkiS

sulkiS1

sulkiSII

airetirK nasatnuteK

)MKK( laminiM 1 uhuT aytsarP ijA 07 09 09 57 2 atnedanreB

itnatakuS 08 09 08 57

3 okranajiW unaD 07 04 57 57 4 onoskaciW irbeF 09 09 09 57 5 iwD areV itutsA 05 08 09 57 6 .N .S aliM acsisnarF 06 58 08 57 7 odlA acsisnarF 58 09 08 57 8 .H irT gnugA 08 06 09 57 9 .P inuY akI 06 08 57 57 01 .P itaJ ansirK 57 09 09 57 11 iratseL 57 57 08 57 21 nitsugA asiL 56 07 09 57 31 .W irA suisneroL 57 09 09 57 41 irtifaS iwD anaileM 08 08 08 57 51 kitiT neN 06 57 58 57 61 anailreB asinA .O 08 08 09 57 71 .S gnugA kirteP 57 07 07 57 81 omonruP 07 09 08 57 91 idayrahuS 08 56 09 57 02 itayimuS 57 06 07 57 oN awsiS amaN arP

sulkiS

sulkiS1

sulkiSII

etirK air nasatnuteK

)MKK( laminiM 12 amatarP ahduY 57 09 59 57 22 imatU irS atsiluY 05 09 57 57 32 nawranuY 06 06 06 57

iapacnem halada MKK nakrasadreb nakpatetid gnay naupmameK

kokop edi acabmem upmam surah awsis paites aynitra ,57 laminim roks

n nagned nakukalid mulebeS .igal iggnit hibel uata 57 laminim iali


35

,nakadnit sata ek 57 ialin nagned kokop edi acabmem upmam gnay awsis

iapacnem gnay awsis ,I sulkis adap nakadnit haleteS .kana 31 ada aynah

,aynkiraneM .kana 61 idajnem takgninem sata ek 57 ialin aparebeb ada

nagned kokop edi acabmem naupmamek ikilimem aynmulebes gnay awsis

awsis nad 71 ,8 ,3 turu romon awsis utiay ,nurut aynialin urtsuj ,raneb

awsis anerak idajret ini laH .02 turu romon - habugnem tubesret awsis

akusam naktapadnem haletes aynnabawaj nupuata kopmolek atoggna irad n

gnay awsis aguj kaynab ,ipateT .kiab hibel aynpaggnaid gnay nial awsis

imalagnem I sulkis haletes MKK hawab id ialin tapadnem alumes

.natakgninep

hawab id hisam aynialin gnay awsis 3 ada aynah II sulkis adaP

ada aynitrA .MKK ,MKK sata id ialin iapacnem hadus gnay awsis 02

kinket nakanuggnem kokop edi acabmem lah malad susuhk gnimmiks .

kinket awhab nakitkubmem sata id narapaP gnimmiks naktakgninem tapad

.kokop edi acabmem naupmamek

,awsis arap ialin niapacnep adap nakrasadreB gnay ada kapmat

,nakadnit mulebes adapirad kiab hibel takgninem aynnaupmamek

aynkilabes urtsuj gnay ada nad ,habureb kadit patet aynnaupmamek

rotkaf aynkaynab irad naksalejid tapad ini naumeT .nurut aynnaupmamek

itrepes awsis pares ayad ihuragnepmem gnay isavitom ,awsis natabilretek

.awsis rajaleb ayag nupuata ,awsis kisif isidnok ,awsis

sulkis irad natakgninep aynada naktahilrepmem awsis natabilreteK

naigabes ada anerak pukuc kadit ajas natabilretek ipatet ,II sulkis iapmas I


45

is k irid naktabilem gnay aws id namet nagned lupmukreb nigni anera

awsiS .aynkopmolek malad - kapmat hadner rajaleb tanim nagned awsis

tanim nagned nalajeS .lekitra acabmem nataigek nagned kiratret gnaruk

acabmem kutnu isavitomret gnaruk aguj awsis naigabes ,gnaruk gnay acab

umenem anug .nakirebid gnay lekitra malad kokop edi nak

iridnes rajaleb ayag ikilimem awsis paiteS - .iridnes awsiS - awsis

lairotidua rajaleb ayag nagned )ragnednem( nagned gnanes gnaruk asarem

iridnes acabmem kutnu natutnut kokop edi nakumenem anug . awsiS - awsis

gnay t akitek natilusek asarem naka kopmolek malad rajaleb asaib kadi

awsis ,aynkilabeS .kopmolek sagut adap nakpadahid - ikilimem gnay awsis

gnay lanoisome natabilretek nagned rajaleb utiay kitetsenik rajaleb ayag

gnaro nagned kiab - bel asarem naka aynratikes gnaro rajaleb hadum hi

.kopmolek araces aynada naumet akam ,ini nasalejnep nakrasadreB

nakapurem nurunem urtsuj uata habureb kadit gnay awsis naupmamek

.rajaw gnay utauses


55

V BAB

NALUPMISEK ISAKILPMI , NAD NARAS

.A nalupmiseK

u gnatnet nasahabmep nakrasadreB naktakgninem urug ayap

kiratid tapad kokop edi acabmam malad awsis naupmamek nalupmisek

.tukireb iagabes amatreP p , takgnine awsis kokop edi acabmem naupmamek na

kinket nagned gnimmiks PMS id ruhuL idugnaP netapubaK onrawitnaG

is aud iulalem nakukalid netalK awsis 32 kaynabes ,sulkis paites adaP .sulk

idajnem igabid mane kopmolek atnimid kopmolek utas malad awsis paiteS .

nagned acabmem awsis paiteS .amas gnay luduj nagned lekitra acabmem

kinket .gnimmiks bawajnem kutnu atnimid awsis paites ,ayntujnaleS

ynatrep naupmamek iuhategnem anug tubesret lekitra irad isi ianegnem naa

.kokop edi acabmem awsis

,audeK k kinket nagned kokop edi acabmem awsis naupmame

gnimmiks arac nagned iuhatekid ini laH .natakgninep imalagnem

kisarp adap acabmem naupmamek ialin nakgnidnabmem adap nad I sulkis ,sul

hisam gnay acabmem naupmamek ialin nagned awsis ,sulkisarp adaP .II sulkis

id ialin nagned awsis ,I sulkis rihka adaP .awsis 01 ada MKK ialin hawab id

iapacnem gnay awsis aynitra ,awsis 7 idajnem gnarukreb MKK ialin hawab

nutek ialin ,II sulkis rihka adaP .awsis 61 idajnem habmatreb laminim nasat

aynitra ,awsis 3 idajnem gnarukreb MKK ialin hawab id ialin nagned awsis

.awsis 02 idajnem habmatreb laminim nasatnutek ialin iapacnem gnay awsis


65

.B isakilpmI

adap isakilpmireb naitilenep lisaH nakanuggnem ayngnitnep gnimmiks

acabmem nataigeK .acabmem malad awsis naupmamek naktakgninem malad

nataigek iagabreb aguj ipatet ,aisenodnI asahab narajalep adap aynah kadit

acabmem kinket ,uti anerak ,rajaleb gnimmiks irid malad nakasaibid ulrep

s paites ukub acabmem malad nalipmaretek irad naigab iagabes awsi - ukub

.aynnial gnajnunep ukub uata narajalep

nakitahrepmem kutnu urug arap irad fitkaorp pakis ada ulreP

nakapurem acabmem naupmamek anerak acabmem malad awsis naupmamek

awsis nalipmaretek irad naigab .halokes id narajalep iretam irajalepmem

uruG - acabmem kutnu awsis arap nakasaibmem netsisnok nakparahid urug

kinket nagned - acabmem kinket kusamret ,kiab gnay acabmem kinket

gnimmiks awsis nakasaibmem kapmok tapad urug hurules alibapA . - awsis

ket nakparenem kin - aguj awsis rajaleb naupmamek akam ,acabmem kinket

paites anerak kiab nikames naka rajaleb naupmameK .kiab nikames naka

atak nagneD .acabmem nalipmaretek naktabilem nakitsapid rajaleb nataigek

ilpmireb aguj kokop edi acabmem naupmamek natakgninep ,nial adap isak

.rajaleb naupmamek natakgninep

kokop edi acabmem naupmamek natakgnineP kinket nagned gnimmiks

naktakgnitid ulrep acabmem lah malad awsis naupmamek aggnihes igal

nakaideynem nagned neukesnok aguj aynkiabes halokes kahiP .kiab nikames

ukub - cab ukub gnay naabmolrep neve atres isnerefer ukub uata naa


75

awsis aggnihes acabmem naasaibmep gnukudnem - kutnu gnatnatret awsis

.acabmem lah malad aynnaupmamek nakkujnunem

.C naraS

naraS PMS id awsis adap acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem kutnu

ruhuL idugnaP aK onrawitnaG :tukireb iagabes netalK netapub

.1 ayngnitnep naksagenem gnay nakajibek taubmem aynkiabes halokeS

nakparenem kusamret ,acabmem kinket iagabreb nagned awsis hitalem

acabmem kinket gnimmiks sagut malad - atam adap acabmem sagut

m awsis aggnihes aynnial narajalep edi pakgnanem hadum nikames asare -

.narajalep paites malad kokop edi

.2 uruG - PMS id urug ruhuL idugnaP netalK netapubaK onrawitnaG

awsis acabmem naupmamek naktakgninem aynkiabes - nagned awsis

awsis nakasaibmem - kinket nagned acabmem aynawsis gnimmiks .

.3 awsiS - sis PMS aw ruhuL idugnaP netalK netapubaK onrawitnaG

kinket nakparenem aynkiabes gnimmiks akerem rajaleb nataigek malad

.halokes id uata hamur id kiab


85

hakgnaL - naitileneP naanaskaleP hakgnaL

sulkiS arP 1102 iluJ 81

)narajalep maj 2(

I sulkiS

1102 iluJ 52 )narajalep maj 2(

II sulkiS

sutsugA 5 )narajalep maj 2(

.1 acabmem naitregnep naksalejnem uruGmumu araces

.2 awsis adapek sket irebmem uruG

.3 sket acabmem awsis isagunem uruG gnimmiks kinket nagned

.4 kokop edi iracnem awsis isagunem uruG

.5 ruG irebmem u awsis adapek naaynatrep sket isi gnatnet

.6 egnem uruG narajalebmep isaulav

.7 gnaruk hisam narajalebmep lisaH

.1 acabmem naitregnep naksalejnem uruG gnimmiks kokop edi naitregnep nad

.2 aj aynat nakukalem uruG natiakreb baw acabmem nagned

.3 awsis adapek sket irebmem uruG

.4 araces awsis isagunem uruG sket acabmem kutnu kopmolekreb

kinket nagned gnimmiks .5 edi iracnem awsis huruynem uruG

kokop .6 gnay naaynatrep irebmem uruG

naacab isi nagned natiakreb .7 isulavegnem uruG narajalebmep .8 is lisaH natakgninep ada I sulk

.1 acabmem naitregnep naksalejnem uruG gnimmiks kokop edi naitregnep nad

.2 uruG gnatnet bawaj aynat nakukalemnatilusek acabmem edi nad gnimmiks

kokop .3 apek sket irebmem uruG awsis ad

araces awsis isagunem uruG kopmolekreb sket acabmem kutnu kinket nagned gnimmiks

.4 edi iracnem awsis huruynem uruGkokop

.5 gnay naaynatrep irebmem uruG naacab isi nagned natiakreb

.6 narajalebmep isulavegnem uruG

.7 I sulkis lisaH imalagnem I natakgninep


95

AKATSUP RATFAD

biqA , laniaZ , .7002 uruG kutnU saleK nakadniT naitileneP CLM : gnudnaB ,

.)4002( .niddufiaS ,rawzA naitileneP edoteM rajaleP akatsuP :atrakaygoY .

.7002 .lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD isnetepmoK radnatS ,6002 mulukiruK hagneneM halokeS aisenodnI asahaB narajaleP ataM nad amatareP

hayiwanasT hasardaM .sankidpeD : atrakaJ .

.)7002( .S eiruoN & .M ,nodraeR ,.B ,retropeD :gnihcaet mutnauQgnaur id gninrael mutnauq nakkitkarpmem - salek gnaur afiaK : gnudnaB .

.)7991( .hisgninaitsiluS siliL nad.A,dilohK ,sarraH I acabmeM rakaJ . :ata dubkidpeD

.)3891( .)de( )la.te( erodoehT .L ,sirraH mreT detaleR dna gnidaeR fo yrenoitciD ..kooB lanoitacudE nnamenieH :nodnoL

.)1002( .anaskaladirK itrumiraH .kitsiugniL sumaK akatsuP aidemarG :atrakaJ.amatU

onoileoM .)3991( kkd , sahaB raseb sumaK aisenodnI a akatsuP ialaB :atrakaJ ,

.)9002( ,dammahuM ,reoN gnimmikS acabmeM kinkeT malad ,moc.reondammahom.www 0102 rebotkO 21 laggnat seskaid ,

,)7002( ,.kkd ,onojdraP saleK nakadniT naitileneP naudnaP trakaygoY , :a.atrakaygoY iregeN satisrevinU naitileneP agabmeL

iwD ,irasatipsuP )8002( kinkeT iulaleM aisenodnI asahaB narajalebmeP adaP icnuK ataK isakifitnedI kamiyneM kinkeT naD gnimmikS acabmeM nuhaT suduK olukeJ 2 nabreT iregeN rasaD halokeS 4 saleK awsiS

arajA .9002/8002 n ispirkS :atrakaruS . hayidammahuM satisrevinU.atrakaruS

.)9891( .osradeoS fitkefE nad tapeC acabmeM metsiS .aidemarG .TP :atrakaJ ,


06

)8002( usmaS ,oyadamoS kutnu gninnacS nad gnimmikS kinkeT naparenePnamahameP acabmeM narajalebmeP naktakgnineM DS V saleK awsiS

etanreT 1 orelaS iregeN siseT , :gnalaM . satisrevinU anajrasacsaP margorP.gnalaM iregeN

.siluneM nad acabmeM nalipmareteK naijU nad narajagneP .)7991( radnehuS

.ayaJ rinoiP :gnudnaB

.)6891(.G.H ,nagiraT alipmareteK utauS iagabes acabmeM asahabreB n .asakgnA :gnudnaB

.)5002( .inayirnI ,itayidiW namahamep acabmem nalipmaretek natakgnineP

sudranreB LP DS D VI salek awsis adap lebmarks kinket nagned5002 / 4002 narajalep nuhat gnarameS . :gnarameS .ispirkS satisrevinU

.gnarameS iregeN

yriW ,)9891( ,.S ,oyojido aynkinkeT nad ratnagneP ,igetartS acabmeM :atrakaJ ..dubkidpeD

.)9991( ,idhcuZ awsisaham iduts lisah nagned acabmem natapecek nagnubuH .


16

I SULKIS

SUBALIS narajaleP ataM aisenodnI asahaB :

S /saleK retseme / )napaleD( IIIV : )aud( 2 isnetepmoK radnatS : .tapec acabmem ,iadnimem acabmem nagned silut anacaw magar imahameM

ACABMEM

isnetepmoKrasaD

kokoP iretaMnarajalebmeP

nataigeK narajalebmeP rotakidnI naialineP isakolAutkaw

rebmuSrajaleb

imahameM

anacaw magar

nagned silut

acabmem

,iadnimem

tapec acabmem

acabmeMtapec

.a kusam awsiS

maladek

paites kopmolek

iridret kopmolek

.gnaro aud

kopmolek paiteS

2 naktapadnem

atireb sket

.b awsiS acabmem

sket nagned

acabmem kinhet

tapec awsis nad

tatacnem nial

gnay utkaw

araces iapacid

tapad awsiS .1

rukugnem

natapecek

acabmem

tapad awsiS .2

edi nakumenem

.fargarap kokop

tapad awsiS .3

isi naklupmiynem

nagned naacab

tapec

.1 kinkeT

naasaugneP

.2 nemurtsnI kutneB

hamuR saguT :

.3 nemurtsnI :

.a halacaB sket

nagned naacab

kinket

gnimmiks

.b edi halsiluT

adap kokop

sataid naacab

maj 2 x narajalep

54 tinem

ukuB ,tekap

sketatireb


26

.naitnagreb

.c rukugnem awsiS

natapecek

acabmem

.d awsiS

nad nakumenem

edi tatacnem

malad kokop

sket

.e acabmem awsiS

naaynatrep

ai gnay naacab

acab

.f awsiS

naklupmiynem

naacab isi

1102..……………,netalK itileneP gnomap uruG

itawainruK ineR dP.S ,onoyirT nawI


36

II SULKIS SUBALIS

narajaleP ataM aisenodnI asahaB : S /saleK retseme / )napaleD( IIIV : )aud( 2

isnetepmoK radnatS : magar imahameM .tapec acabmem ,iadnimem acabmem nagned silut anacaw

ACABMEM isnetepmoK

rasaD kokoP iretaM

narajalebmeP narajalebmeP nataigeK rotakidnI naialineP isakolA

utkaw rebmuS

rajaleb imahameM

anacaw magar

nagned silut

acabmem

,iadnimem

tapec acabmem

acabmeMtapec

.g kusam awsiS

maladek

paites kopmolek

iridret kopmolek

.gnaro aud

kopmolek paiteS

2 naktapadnem

atireb sket

.h awsiS acabmem

sket nagned

acabmem kinhet

tapec awsis nad

tatacnem nial

gnay utkaw

araces iapacid

tapad awsiS .1

rukugnem

natapecek

acabmem

tapad awsiS .2

edi nakumenem

rap kokop .farga

tapad awsiS .3

isi naklupmiynem

nagned naacab

tapec

.4 kinkeT

naasaugneP

.5 nemurtsnI kutneB

hamuR saguT :

.6 nemurtsnI :

.c halacaB sket

nagned naacab

kinket

gnimmiks

.d edi halsiluT

adap kokop

sataid naacab

maj 2 x narajalep

54 tinem

ukuB ,tekap

sketatireb


46

.naitnagreb

.i rukugnem awsiS

natapecek

acabmem

.j awsiS

nad nakumenem

edi tatacnem

malad kokop

sket

.k acabmem awsiS

naaynatrep

ai gnay naacab

acab

.l awsiS

naklupmiynem

naacab isi

1102..……………,netalK itileneP gnomap uruG

itawainruK ineR dP.S ,onoyirT nawI


56

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

I sulkiS

halokes amaN onrawitnaG ruhuliduggnaP PMS :

narajalep ataM aisenodnI asahaB :

retsemes /saleK 1/IIIV :

isnetepmoK radnatS : acabmeM

.3 acabmem nagned silut anacaw magar imahameM

tapec acabmem ,iadnimem

rasaD isnetepmoK aklupmiyneM 3.3 : sket utaus isi n acabmem nagned c tape 052

tinem rep atak

rotakidnI

.1.0 atak 052 natapecek nagned sket tapec acabmem tapad awsiS \ .tinem

.2.0 .fargarap kokop edi nakumenem tapad awsiS

.3.0 t isi gnatnet naaynatrep bawajnem tapad awsiS nad salej gnay tamilak nagned ske

.imahapid hadum

.4.0 upmam awsiS nakutneneM in of mr sa i matu a ad ir utas kali tam atau lebih

54X2 :utkaw isakolA

narajalebmeP naujuT .I

.1.0 atak 052 natapecek nagned sket tapec acabmem upmam awsiS \ .tinem

.2.0 edi nakumenem upmam awsiS .fargarap kokp

.3.0 upmam awsiS isi gnatnet naaynatrep bawajnem gnay tamilak nagned sket j sale

.imahapid hadum nad

.4.0 upmam awsiS nakutneneM in of mr sa i matu a ad ir utas kali tam atau lebih

rajA iretaM .II

- acabmeM gnimmiks gnay salikes acabmem kinket halada nakhutubmem

naktapadnem nad iracnem kutnu acabmem taas atam nakareg natapecek

.)23 :0991 ,nagiraT( isamrofni


66

- kokop edI

,tamilak halmujes malad tapadret gnay gnitnep nasagag nakapurem kokop edI

.naaracibmep uata fargarap

- tapec acabmem taafnaM

.4 apec acabmeM utkaw tamehgnem t

.5 isneisife nakatpicnem tapec acabmeM

.6 ikilimem tapec acabmeM rubihgnem ialin

.7 latnem alawarkac saulrepmem tapec acabmeM

.8 rihkatum ulales adna nimajnem tapec acabmeM

.9 fitkefe nagned aracibreb upmam adnA utnabmem tapec acabmeM

.01 set uata naiju ipadahgnem set akitek utnabmem tapec acabmeM

- acabmem natapecek rukugneM

.1 tataC ilak utkaw hal a lum n a acabmem i

.2 acabmem iaseles nailak utkaw haltataC

.3 C acabmem nailak amal haltata

.4 H k halmuj gnutihgnem sumuR !naacab malad atak halmuj halgnuti halada ata

5 ilakid sirab halmuj ,molok apurb sket akij .01 ilakid sirab halmuj

.5 nailak acabmem natapecek halgnutiH

acabmem natapecek gnutihgnem sumuR

- tapeC acabmem kinkeT

.1 kopmolek malad acabmem nakasaiB - .atak kopmolek H atak acabmem iradni

.atak imed

.2 gnalugnem nagnaJ - acabid halet gnay tamilak gnalu

.3 ta sirab lawa id amal itnehreb ulales nagnaJ naksutumem naka inI .tamilak ua

garap ratna uata tamilak ratna ankam nagnubuh ankam far

atak halmuJ \ atak halmuj = 06 X tinem \ tinem

acabmem utkaw halmuJ


76

.4 atak iraC - tamilak haubes amatu nasagag aynada iadnanem gnay icnuk atak

.5 atak ajas nakiabA - gnalureb ayntafis gnay sagut atak - .gnalu

.III narajalebmeP edototeM

nasagunep ,isuksiD ,bawaj aynaT

.VI hakgnaL - hakgnal nataigeK narajalebmeP

oN nataigeK isakolA

utkaw

.1

.2

.3

nauluhadneP

.a awsis isneserP

.b ispesrepA

- narajalebmep naujut nakiapmaynem uruG

- ianegnem bawaj aynaT nakukalem awsis nad uruG

acabmem

itnI nataigeK

.a kusam awsiS kopmolek paites kopmolek maladek

2 naktapadnem kopmolek paiteS .gnaro aud iridret

atireb sket

.b awsiS sket acabmem tapec acabmem kinhet nagned

araces iapacid gnay utkaw tatacnem nial awsis nad

.naitnagreb

.c acabmem natapecek rukugnem awsiS

.d nakumenem awsiS sket malad kokop edi tatacnem nad

.e acab ai gnay naacab naaynatrep acabmem awsiS

.f naacab isi naklupmiynem awsiS

rihka nataigeK

putuneP

tinem 5

tinem 5

tinem 5

5 tinem

tinem 02

tinem 01

tinem 01

tinem 51

tinem 5

tinem 5

tinem 5


86

.a gnatnet iskelfer nakadagnem awsis nad uruG

tapec acabmem narajalebmep

.b awsis raga )RP( hamuR naajrekep irebmem uruG

jaleb .hamurid tapec acabmem ra

narajalebmeP aideM nad rebmuS .V

- )8002( .iwD ,hisgniniraH . nauhategneP umli aledneJ akubmeM tasuP:atrakaJ .

naaukubrep .lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD

- .)6891(.G.H ,nagiraT asahabreB nalipmareteK utauS iagabes acabmeM .

gnudnaB : asakgnA

- ”atireb skeT MKU sinsiB gnauleP nad naknabreP irtsudnI ( ” atraw :rebmuS

- ) nahabugnep nagned ,4002 ,sinsiB

- atireb skeT ”iinamneJ anoseP “ (S 6002 suburT rebmu )

naialineP .V

.1 kinkeT naasaugneP :

.2 hamuR saguT : nemurtsnI kutneB

.3 nemurtsnI :

.a gnimmiks kinket nagned naacab sket halacaB

.b sataid naacab adap kokop edi halsiluT

.4 naialineP kirbuR

.oN kepsA rokS

halmuJ 1 2 3 4

1 isI

2 akitametsiS

3 acab adnat ,naaje ,atak nahiliP

halmuJ


96

.5 naialineP

nahalasek 4 irad hibel/pakgnel kadit/iauses kadiT = 1

nahalasek 3 kaynab gnilap/pakgnel pukuc/iauses pukuC = 2

nahalasek 2 irad gnaruk/pakgnel/iauseS = 3

tapadret kadiT = 4 nahalasek

ialiN = helorepid gnay rokS 001 x

)21( lamiskam rokS

,netalK 1102........................................

itileneP

itawainruK ineR

gnomaP uruG

.dP.S ,onoyirT nawI


07

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

II sulkiS

halokes amaN onrawitnaG ruhuliduggnaP PMS :

narajalep ataM aisenodnI asahaB :

retsemes /saleK 1/IIIV :

isnetepmoK radnatS acabmeM :

.3 acabmem nagned silut anacaw magar imahameM

tapec acabmem ,iadnimem

rasaD isnetepmoK 3.3 : tapec acabmem nagned sket utaus isi naklupmiyneM

tinem rep atak 052

rotakidnI

1.3 acabmem natapecek rukugnem tapad awsiS

.2.3 .fargarap kokop edi nakumenem tapad awsiS

.3.3 i naklupmiynem tapad awsiS tapec nagned naacab is

54X2 :utkaw isakolA

narajalebmeP naujuT .I

.1.3 acabmem natapecek rukugnem upmam awsiS

.2.3 .fargarap kokop edi nakumenem upmam awsiS

.3.3 tapec nagned naacab isi naklupmiynem upmam awsiS

rajA iretaM .II

- acabmeM gnimmiks acabmem kinket halada nakhutubmem gnay salikes

naktapadnem nad iracnem kutnu acabmem taas atam nakareg natapecek

.)23 :0991 ,nagiraT( isamrofni

- kokop edI

,tamilak halmujes malad tapadret gnay gnitnep nasagag nakapurem kokop edI

.naaracibmep uata fargarap

-


17

- tapec acabmem taafnaM

.1 utkaw tamehgnem tapec acabmeM

.2 isneisife nakatpicnem tapec acabmeM

.3 rubihgnem ialin ikilimem tapec acabmeM

.4 latnem alawarkac saulrepmem tapec acabmeM

.5 rihkatum ulales adna nimajnem tapec acabmeM

.6 ibreb upmam adnA utnabmem tapec acabmeM fitkefe nagned arac

.7 set uata naiju ipadahgnem set akitek utnabmem tapec acabmeM

- acabmem natapecek rukugneM

.1 tataC acabmem ilum nilak utkaw hal

.2 acabmem iaseles nailak utkaw haltataC

.3 C acabmem nailak amal haltata

.4 H sumuR !naacab malad atak halmuj halgnuti halada atak halmuj gnutihgnem

5 ilakid sirab halmuj ,molok apurb sket akij .01 ilakid sirab halmuj

.5 nailak acabmem natapecek halgnutiH

acabmem natapecek gnutihgnem sumuR

- tapeC acabmem kinkeT

.1 kopmolek malad acabmem nakasaiB - atak acabmem iradnih.atak kopmolek

.atak imed

.2 gnalugnem nagnaJ - acabid halet gnay tamilak gnalu

.3 naksutumem naka inI .tamilak uata sirab lawa id amal itnehreb ulales nagnaJ

lak ratna ankam nagnubuh ankam fargarap ratna uata tami

.4 atak iraC - tamilak haubes amatu nasagag aynada iadnanem gnay icnuk atak

.5 atak ajas nakiabA - gnalureb ayntafis gnay sagut atak - .gnalu

atak halmuJ \ atak halmuj = 06 X tinem \ tinem

acabmem utkaw halmuJ


27

.III narajalebmeP edototeM

nasagunep ,isuksiD ,bawaj aynaT

.VI hakgnaL - hakgnal nataigeK P narajalebme

oN nataigeK isakolA

utkaw

.1

.2

.3

nauluhadneP

.a awsis isneserP

.b ispesrepA

- irajalepid halet gnay ulal iretam sahabmeM

itnI nataigeK

.a kopmolek paites kopmolek maladek kusam awsiS

naktapadnem kopmolek paiteS .gnaro aud iridret

atireb sket 2

.b awsiS sket acabmem acabmem kinhet nagned

tapec iapacid gnay utkaw tatacnem nial awsis nad

.naitnagreb araces

.c acabmem natapecek rukugnem awsiS

.d malad kokop edi tatacnem nad nakumenem awsiS

sket

.e acab ai gnay naacab naaynatrep acabmem awsiS

.f naacab isi naklupmiynem awsiS

rihka nataigeK

putuneP

.a gnatnet iskelfer nakadagnem awsis nad uruG

c acabmem narajalebmep tape

tinem 5

tinem 5

tinem 5

tinem 5

tinem 02

51 tinem

02 tinem

tinem 51

tinem 5

tinem 5


37

narajalebmeP aideM nad rebmuS .V

- )8002( .iwD ,hisgniniraH . nauhategneP umli aledneJ akubmeM .

.lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD naaukubrep tasuP:atrakaJ

- .)6891(.G.H ,nagiraT asahabreB nalipmareteK utauS iagabes acabmeM .

asakgnA :gnudnaB

- skeT ”atireb ”harguna haubes gnuruB rebmetpes 62 sapmoK rebmus(

)5002

- ”atireb skeT aznatS 3 isreV ayaR aisenodnI gnasU ikseM nakremapid

ankaM ayak ipaT ” ( 7002 sutsugA 32 sopolos :rebmuS )

naialineP .V

.1 kinkeT naasaugneP :

.2 hamuR saguT : nemurtsnI kutneB

.3 nemurtsnI :

.a gnimmiks kinket nagned naacab sket halacaB

.b sataid naacab adap kokop edi halsiluT

.4 naialineP kirbuR

.oN kepsA rokS

halmuJ 1 2 3 4

1 isI

2 akitametsiS

3 acab adnat ,naaje ,atak nahiliP

halmuJ

.5 naialineP

kadiT = 1 nahalasek 4 irad hibel/pakgnel kadit/iauses

nahalasek 3 kaynab gnilap/pakgnel pukuc/iauses pukuC = 2

nahalasek 2 irad gnaruk/pakgnel/iauseS = 3

nahalasek tapadret kadiT = 4


47

ialiN = helorepid gnay rokS 001 x

)21( lamiskam rokS

,netalK 1102........................................

itileneP uruG gnomaP

itawainruK ineR

d.P.S,onoyirT nawI


57


67


77


87


97


08


18


28


38


48


58


68


78


88


98


09


19


29


39


49


59


69


79


89


99


001


101


201


301


401


501


601


701


801


901


011


111


211


311


411


501

501

IFARGOIB

itawainruk ineR awaJ ,netalK id rihal , laggnaT adaP ,hagneT7891 teraM 6 I iregeN DS id helorep id rasaD nakididneP .

nuhat adap sulul ,hagneT awaJ ,netalK ,onrawitnaG ,tiwaS I iregeN PMS id amatreP hagneneM nakididneP .9991

nanabmarP alK , .2002 nuhat adap sulul ,hagneT awaJ ,net ,netalK ayajiW amdaP AMS id satA hagneneM nakididneP aguj ini nuhaT .5002 nuhat adap suluL ,hagneT awaJ

ujnalem S satisrevinU ek nakididnep nakt fadret nad amrahD atana iagabes ratK satlukaF awsisaham nad nauruge rP ,nakididneP umlI nakididneP idutS margo

S ,asahaB a saguT .hareaD nad aisenodnI artsa nasilunep nagned hupmetid rihkS luduj nagned ispirk kutnU namahameP acabmeM naupmameK natakgnineP

idugnaP PMS IIIV saleK awsiS gnimmikS kinkeT nagned kokoP edI nakumeneM 1102 / 0102 narajA nuhaT netalK onawitnaG ruhuL


plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpuji - … · menemukan ide po kok de nga n tekni k skimming...

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