PKC and Memory

Manhasset Science Research

Paris Thatos

NeedLong-term trend in drug-related deaths

(Gotz, 2004)

Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives

(Gallaher, 2007)

Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders

Long Term Potentiation The complex chemical processes that form long-term memories (Cook, 2006)

(Kanehisa, 1999)Fig. 3 The Process of Long Term Potentiation

PKC (Protein Kinase C)

Has many isoforms (PKMzeta,PKMa)(Abel, 2004)

Fig 4. Process of PKC interaction in Long term Potentiation

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus

Yukihisa Matsumoto, Biology Letters

Yukihisa Matsumoto

Fig 5. Olfactory Preferences of crickets trained to associate Scent A with water reward and Scent B with saline punishment

Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC

Dominique Toullec, The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Toullec, 2005

Fig 6. The concentrations of PKC when exposed to Bisindolylmaleimide, and the concentrations of a PKC isotype

The levels of PKC and PKAThe levels of PKC and PKA

Formation of Long-term Olfactory Memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus Makoto Mizunami,

2005, Chem. Senses

Makoto, 2006

Fig 7. A diagram of the head of the cricket. Brain (In blue) is where PKC is believed to be contained in.

PKMzeta maintains spatial, instrumental and classically conditioned Long term memories

Peter Serano, Todd C. Sacktor

PLoS Biology

(Morris, 2004)

Fig. 8. The Water Maze in a rat. 1st trial to eigth trial, when the rat has successfully memorized the path to the platform

Purpose/Hypothesis

The purpose of this experiment is to see whether Bisindolymaleide disrupts long term memories in Gryllus Bimaculatus when treated with it pre- and post- conditioning

It is hypothesized that with all administeringings of Bisindolymaleide, the formation of memories will be inhibited

Grasshopper (Gryllus

Bimaculatus) n=60

Group 2 - Fed food mixed with 1 mg Bisindolymaleide n=20

Group 1 - Fed normal food n=20

Each Group trained to associate one scent with reward and one with punishment

Group 2 - Fed normal food n=20

Group Two now exposed to Bisindolymaleide in water supply

Placed in container with two conditioned scents on either end (reward/punishment). Time spent on each scent is recorded

Statistically analyzed with a One-way ANOVA (to find statistic significance) followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test (p<o.o5)

Protocol Gryllus Bimaclatus scent conditioning Exposure to Bisindolymaleide Exposure to scents to test whether negative

or positive connotations were preserved Recording of time spent on top of each

conditioned scentScent Conditioning Scent

Testing

(Matsumoto, 2006)

Budget

VendorCatalog

# page/website Description Quantty Unit $ Total $

EMDbiosciences 203290

http://www.emdbiosciences.com Bisindolylmaleimide I 1 $40.00 $40.00

Carolina 143550 http://carolina.com/Crickets (Living

Adults) 1 $6.75 $6.75

Carolina 143565 http://carolina.com/ House Cricket Food 2 $6.25 $12.50

Carolina 695145 http://carolina.com/ Sense of Smell Kit 1 $49.25 $49.25

Carolina 199606 http://carolina.com/ Plastic Syringe 1 $3.85 $3.85

Carolina 198697 http://carolina.com/ Distilled Water 1 $6.75 $6.75

Carolina 721207 http://carolina.com/ Pyrex Beaker 100ml 4 $3.65 $14.60

Total = $133.70

Do-ability Materials already stocked in lab:

Plastic Syringe

Water

Sodium Chloride

Pyrex Beaker

Materials not stocked can be obtained, and protocols are not particularly complex

Bibliography Olton, D.S., & Samuelson, R.J. (1976). Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in rats.

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 97-116. Ling D, Benardo L, Serrano P, Blace N, Kelly M, Crary J, Sacktor T (2002). "Protein kinase Mzeta

is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance". Nat. Neurosci. 5 (4): 295-6. Serrano P, Yao Y, Sacktor T (2005). "Persistent phosphorylation by protein kinase Mzeta

maintains late-phase long-term potentiation". J Neurosci 25 (8): 1979-84. Pastalkova E, Serrano P, Pinkhasova D, Wallace E, Fenton A, Sacktor T (2006). "

Storage of spatial information by the maintenance mechanism of LTP". Science 313 (5790): 1141-4 Cooke SF, Bliss TV (2006). "Plasticity in the human central nervous system". Brain 129 (Pt 7): 1659-73 Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunder Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "

Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci 10 (8): 2818-24.

Sweatt J (1999). "Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation". Learn Mem 6 (5): 399-416.

Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunder Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of

LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci 10 (8): 2818-24.

Sweatt J (1999). "Toward a molecular explanation for long-term potentiation". Learn Mem 6 (5): 399-416.