pit & fissure sealant

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PIT & FISSURE SEALANT & PREVENTIF RESIN RETORATION By : drg. Irfan Dwiandhono Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Blok Preventive Dentistry

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Page 1: Pit & Fissure Sealant

PIT & FISSURE SEALANT&

PREVENTIF RESIN RETORATION

By : drg. Irfan Dwiandhono

Kedokteran GigiUniversitas Jenderal Soedirman

Blok P revent ive Dent i s t ry

Page 2: Pit & Fissure Sealant

Referensi

Sturdevant, C.M. 2002. The Art and Science of Operative Dentistry. 4th ed. The C.V Mosby Company. St.Louis.

McDonald, R.E. Avery, D.R., Dean, J.A. 2004. Dentistry for The Child and Adolescent. 8th ed. The C.V Mosby Company. St. Louis

Page 3: Pit & Fissure Sealant

PIT & FISSURE

Pit & fissure adalah permukaan yang mudah terserang karies

Pit & fissure yang dalam tidak dapat terjangkau oleh sikat gigi karena diameter yang kecil dari “orifice” gigi.

Penutupan pit & fissure yang dalam merupakan metode yang sangat efektif untuk pencegahan karies gigi, yang dikenal dengan Pit & Fissure Sealant

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PIT & FISSURE SEALANT

Pit & fissure sealant memiliki pengaruh penting terhadap preventif karies :1. Sealant secara mekanis mengisi pit & fissure

dengan bahan resin yang tahan asam2. Sealant menghambat masuknya

streptococcus mutan dan organisme kariogenik yang lain ke dalam pit & fissure

3. Sealant membuat daerah pit & fissure lebih mudah dibersihkan oleh sikat gigi dan nyaman untuk pengunyahan

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Bentuk-bentuk Fissure

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SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PENCEGAHAN KARIES OKLUSAL

1. Prophylactic Odontotomy (Hyatt, 1923) Pada pit dan fissure

yang dalam dilakukan preparasi dan ditumpat amalgam

Tidak lagi dianjurkan sebagai tindakan pencegahan karies

TUMPATAN AMALGAM

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SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PENCEGAHAN KARIES OKLUSAL

2. Fissure Eradication / Enameloplasty (Bodecker, 1929)

Pada pit dan fissure yang dalam dilakukan pendangkalan fissure

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SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PENCEGAHAN KARIES OKLUSAL

3.Fissure Sealant (Buonocore, late 1960’s) Pada pit dan fissure yang

dalam dilakukan pit & fissure sealant

When no cavitated carious lesion is diagnosed, the treatment decision is either to pursue no treatment or place a pit-and-fissure sealant, particularly if the surface is a high risk for future caries.

Pit and fissure sealant application does not require any tooth preparation

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SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN PENCEGAHAN KARIES OKLUSAL

If a small carious lesion is detected and the adjacent grooves and pits, are at risk to caries in the future, a preventive resin restoration (PRR) or conservative composite restoration (CCR) (which combines a small Class I composite with a sealant) may be the treatment recommendation.

whereby a small rotary cutting instrument or air abrasion is used to prepare fissures and pits, which are subsequently restored with composite and sealant

4.Preventive Resin Restoration / Conservative Composite Restoration(Meiers& Jensen , 1984)

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INDIKASI PIT & FISSURE SEALANT

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Macam-macam bahan sealant

Un filledresin

Glass ionomer

Kompomer

Merk Helioseal, Clinpro

Fuji 3, Fuji 7

Dyract flow

Etsa ya tidak Ya

Bonding tidak tidak ya

Conditioner

tidak ya tidak

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TEKNIK APLIKASI FISSURE SEALANT

1. Tergantung bahan sealant (lihat instruksi pabrik)

2. Bersihkan permukaan oklusal dengan brush & pumice

3. Isolasi dengan cotton roll4. Etsa 20 detik5. Cuci 20 detik dan

keringkan (frosted appearance)

6. Aplikasi sealant, hindari gelembung udara

7. Polimerisasi sinar visible 20 detik

8. Periksa oklusi dengan articulating paper

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Click icon to add picture

TAHAPAN APLIKASI FISSURE SEALANT

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TEKNIK APLIKASI SEALANT

1. The tooth is washed and dried and the deep pits and fissures are reevaluated

2. CLEANINGFissure cleansing with a rotating dry bristle brush may be beneficial.

3. ISOLATIONThe tooth to be sealed is first isolated. Rubber dam isolation is ideal but may not be feasible in certain circumstances. Cotton rolls, absorbent shields, and high-volume evacuation with compressed air may also be used effectively.

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TEKNIK APLIKASI SEALANT

4. ETCHING Acid etching completely removes

the enamel pellicle Microporosities in the enamel

surface are created by the acid-etching technique. This permits a low-viscosity resin to be applied that penetrates the roughened surface and produces a mechanical lock of resin tags when cured.

Generally, a 20-second etching time is recommended. Enamel rich with fluorhydroxyapatite may be resistant to etching and may need to be exposed for longer periods

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ETSA ASAM Bahan asam phosphat 35 – 50 % Bentuk etsa berupa gel atau cair

A. Etsa EnamelFungsi Etsa Enamel : Melarutkan struktur inorganik enamel

membuka enamel rods mikroporositas Menurunkan tegangan permukaan enamel

resin dapat membasahi permukaan enamel. Bila terjadi kontaminasi saliva, ulangi etsa 10 detik

Membersihkan permukaan enamel resin masuk mikroporositas resin tag

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ETSA ASAM

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ETSA ASAM PADA ENAMEL

Etsa Enamel :A. Enamel rods yang belum

teretsaB. Enamel rods teretsa,

membentuk sejumlah microundercut

C. Resin bonding agent berikatan dengan microundercuts, membentuk “resin tag” untuk perlekatan mekanik pada gigi

D. Material komposit berikatan secara kimia dengan resin bonding agent.

Microporosities in the enamel surface are created by the acid-etching technique. This permits a low-viscosity resin to be applied that penetrates the roughened surface and produces a mechanical lock of resin tags when cured.

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ETSA ASAM PADA DENTIN

B.Etsa DentinFungsi etsa asam pada

dentin :Mempersiapkan

intertubulus yang mengandung serabut kolagen yang akan berikatan dengan resin bonding

Ket. Gambar :a. Tubuli dentin

normalb. Sabut kolagen pada

dentin yang telah dietsa

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ETSA ASAM PADA DENTIN

Etsa dentin pengeringan sebatas lembab berkisar 60-70% sehingga kandungan airnya cukup.

Tidak boleh terlalu kering di antara sabut kolagen didapatkan air sehingga pengeringan lebih dari 15 detik menyebabkan air akan menguap dan mengakibatkan : serabut kolagen tidak dapat berdiri tegak

(kolaps) ikatan hidrogen terputus sehingga kolagen akan

kolaps, menyusut, gugus amino kolagen tertutup di antara struktur sekunder kolagen

Hal ini mengakibatkan bahan bonding akan sulit penetrasi diantara serabut kolagen sehingga resin bonding sulit berikatan dengan kolagen dentin.

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ETSA ASAM PADA DENTIN Tidak boleh terlalu basah resin bonding akan

terhambat untuk berikatan dengan kolagen dentin karena bila banyak molekul air di sekitar kolagen maka terjadi ikatan hidrogen antara air dengan amino kolagen sehingga menghambat ikatan bonding dengan kolagen.

Bahan bonding mengandung aseton / etanol dan bersifat mengikat air yang berada di antara serabut kolagen sehingga air akan menguap. Air yang menguap akan digantikan oleh bahan bonding yang bersifat hidrofilik sehingga dapat berikatan dengan dentin

Masuknya bahan bonding di antara serabut kolagen dan tubuli dentin akan membentuk lapisan hibrid.

Page 24: Pit & Fissure Sealant

ETSA ASAM PADA DENTIN

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TEKNIK APLIKASI SEALANT

5. Washing Washing and drying of the

etched tooth surface The etched enamel is dried

using a compressed air stream that is free of oil contaminants

The dry etched enamel should exhibit the characteristic frosty appearance

The use of a dentin-bonding agent is also advantageous on the buccal surfaces of molars, which traditionally have shown a lower retention rate than the occlusal surfaces of teeth.

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TEKNIK APLIKASI SEALANT

6. Aplikasi Sealant The manufacturer's instructions

should be followed (chemical cured sealant / visible light cure sealant).

The sealant is applied to the prepared surface in moderation and then gently teased with a brush or probe into the pits and grooves

Careful application will avoid incorporation of air bubbles.

Care should also be taken to avoid applying large amounts

of the sealant material.

Page 27: Pit & Fissure Sealant

TEKNIK APLIKASI SEALANT

7. Check of Occlusal Interferences Articulating paper should be

used to check for occlusal interferences and the occlusion adjusted if necessary

If a filled sealant has been used, it is essential to adjust the occlusion before the patient is dismissed.

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TEKNIK APLIKASI SEALANT

8. Reevaluation It is important to recognize that

sealed teeth should be observed clinically at periodic recall visits to determine the effectiveness of the sealant.

Periodic recall and reapplication of sealants is necessary, because it is estimated that between 5% and 10% of sealants need to be repaired or replaced yearly.

If a sealant is partially or completely lost, any discolored or defective old sealant should be removed and the tooth reevaluated.

A new sealant can be applied using the method previously described

Page 29: Pit & Fissure Sealant

RETENSI PIT & FISSURE SEALANT Untuk mendapatkan retensi yang maksimal. Syarat

permukaan gigi yang akan dilakukan sealant :1. Memiliki luas permukaan maksimum2. Memiliki pit & fissure irregular dan dalam3. Harus bersih4. Harus kering pada waktu aplikasi sealant dan

tidak terkontaminasi dengan saliva

Pit dan fissure gigi molar anak dilakukan sealant segera setelah gigi erupsi

Pit dan fissure gigi orang dewasa dilakukan sealant bila didapatkan banyak karies aktif atau high risk caries

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PREVENTIF RESIN RESTORATION

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PreventiveResin Restoration Meiers& Jensen (1984)

Mempertahankan struktur jaringan yang sehat dengan :

Menumpat fissure yang karies dengan resin komposit

Lapisan sealant diatas komposit dan jaringan sekitarnya

Terbagi dalam 3 type (Type A, Type B, Type C)Penentuan type dilakukan setelah

mengetahui lesi kariesType menentukan jenis bahan restorasi yang

digunakan

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PREVENTIVE RESIN RESTORATION

• The technique of removing only the carious tooth structure in small class I cavities

• A resin restoration was then placed, and the adjacent pits and fissures were sealed at the same time

• In this case a small carious lesion has penetrated to the dentin.

• In general, bite-wing radiographs should indicate no interproximal caries.

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TEKNIK PREVENTIVE RESIN RESTORATION1. Caries is identified by careful visual

examination of a dry occlusal tooth surface using a sharp explorer, a mirror, and a light

2. The tooth is anesthetized if deemed necessary, isolated, and reexamined to determine the extent of the caries process. A No. 329 bur, or a laser system approved for hard tissue can be used to gain access to the depth of the lesion and to complete caries removal

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TEKNIK PREVENTIVE RESIN RESTORATION3. The cavity and the enamel

beside the susceptible grooves are etched. The lingual groove of maxillary molars and the buccal groove of mandibular molars are also commonly etched and sealed.

4. The tooth is thoroughly washed for approximately 30 to 40 seconds and completely dried. A thin layer of bonding agent is applied to the cavity

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PREVENTIVE RESIN RESTORATION5. The cavities are filled with a

light-curing composite or resin-modified glass ionomer, which may be cured at this time

6. A light-curing sealant is placed over the remaining susceptible areas and brushed into the pits and grooves. The materials are polymerized with visible light in accord with the manufacturer's instructions.

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TEKNIK PREVENTIVE RESIN RESTORATION7. The rubber dam is

removed, and the occlusal contacts are checked. A small-particle diamond rotary instrument can be used to remove excess sealant and ensure centric stops on enamel

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TIPE-TIPE PRR (Mathewson,1995)

PRR Tipe A : sebatas enamel

Tehnik aplikasi:• Bersihkan permukaan oklusal • Isolasi dengan cotton roll / rubber dam• Hilangkan decalcified enamel pd pit &

fiisure menggunakan slow speed bur (round bur no ½ atau ¼)

• Etsa 20 detik• Cuci 20 detik dan keringkan • Aplikasi sealant, hindari gelembung udara • Polimerisasi sinar visible 20 detik• Periksa oklusi dengan articulating paper

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TIPE-TIPE PRR (Mathewson, 1995)PRR TIPE B• Lesi kecil mengenai sedikit dentin• Menggunakan diluted composite resin

Tehnik aplikasi :• Bersihkan permukaan oklusal • Isolasi dengan cotton roll• Karies dihilangkan• Etsa• Bonding agent• Komposit resin• Sealant• Polimerisasi dg sinar visible 20 detik• Periksa oklusi

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TIPE-TIPE PRR (Mathewson, 1995)PRR TIPE C Lesi mengenai dentin yg

lebih dalam Menggunakan filled

composite resin

Tehnik aplikasi :• Bersihkan permukaan

oklusal • Isolasi dengan cotton roll• Anastesi lokal (optional)• Karies dihilangkan, dentin

diliner Ca(OH)2

• Etsa• Bonding agent• Komposit resin• Sealant• Polimerisasi dg sinar visible

30 detik• Periksa oklusi

KalsiumHidroksida

komposit

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TEKNIK PREVENTIVE RESIN RESTORATION (Widmer, 2003)

• Isolasi gigi• Karies fissure dihilangkan dengan

small high speed diamond bur• Hilangkan karies dentin.Unssuported

enamel not be removed if acces and vision clear. Out line menyerupai tear drop shape

• Karies dentin yg lebih dalam dihilangkan dengan slow speed round bur

• Aplikasikan GI sampai amelodentinal junction kemudian. light curing 40 detik

• Etsa 20 detik pada enamel dan permukaan oklusal, cuci dan keringkan. GI tidak perlu dietsa, permukaan GIC akan kasar krn proses pencucian dan accidental contact dari etsa.

• Bonding (tipis) dan cure 20 detik• Tumpat komposit (incremental), curing

sampai oklusal • Fissure sealant dan cure 20 detik• Cek oklusi

GIC

KOMPOSIT

FISSURE SEALANT

KOMPOSIT

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Page 42: Pit & Fissure Sealant

MORFOLOGI GIGI SULUNG BERBEDA DENGAN GIGI PERMANEN

1.Mahkota yang cembung dan servikal jelas

2.Bidang oklusal sempit3. Servikal ke apeks

menonjol4.Enamel tipis5.Tanduk pulpa tinggi6.Saluran akar kecil7.Dasar pulpa tipis8.Ada gigi permanen yg

akan tumbuh9.Inklinasi prisma

enamel berbeda

Page 43: Pit & Fissure Sealant

TERIMA KASIH