pisa for development - the oecd’s contribution on education to the post-2015 framework
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7/29/2019 PISA for development - The OECD’s contribution on education to the post-2015 framework
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Th bochue ovde an ovevew o oge to date wth the educaton-
eated MDG and ook owad to what goba educaton goa mght ook
ke beyond 2015. The OECD woud ke to ee educaton goa and taget
ncuded n the ot-2015 amewok, budng on the ucce o unveangacce to and achevng equty n may choong and the gan n acce
and equty at the econday eve that have occued nce the MDG wee
aunched n 2000. Howeve, exeence nce 2000 ha undened that
choong doen’t neceay oduce eanng. Futue educaton goa
houd ncooate meanngu and eatc eanng objectve. We have ao
eant that n ode o educaton to uot oca, economc and deveoment
outcome n the 21t centuy, hghe eve o eanng w be needed – the
knd o cometence and hghe ode thnkng k that ae acheved ony
though quaty econday educaton.
The OECD’s contribution on education to the
post-2015 framework: PISA for development
OECD AND pOsT-2015 rEFlECTiONs
Element 2, Paper 1
UNEsCO/ Joé Gabe ruz lembo
• snce 2000, condeabe oge ha been made towad the two educaton-eated Mennum
Deveoment Goa (unvea may educaton and the emnaton o gende daty n may
and econday choong).
• The OECD uot the emegng conenu that ot-2015 educaton goa houd etan a ocu
on acce and equty whe emhazng the quaty o eanng om eay chdhood though
may and econday educaton.
• A ot-2015 eanng goa w eent the ntenatona communty wth the chaenge to deveo
an ageed method o meaung oge.
• The OECD we aced to contbute to the defnton o eanng goa and taget, baed on the
exeence o the pogamme o intenatona student Aement (pisA).
• pisA ovde the mot comehenve and goou ntenatona aement o eanng
outcome (may n mathematc, eadng and cence) n educaton.
• pisA aee cumulative learning om eay chdhood though may and econday choong
and t addee both cognitive and non-cognitive learning outcomes.
• Moe than 70 counte atcate n pisA and a new ntatve w eek to make t moe eevant
o deveong counte.
• pisA coud ovde a mean o a counte to meaue oge towad natona and ntenatona
ot-2015 educaton goa.
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OECD we aced to contbute to thnkngabout utue goba educaton goa. in
atcua, the exeence o the pogamme
o intenatona student Aement (pisA)
that the OECD ha memented nce 2000
n atneh wth atcatng counte
atcuay eevant to a ocu on eanng
n the ot 2015 amewok (Box 1). shaed
by the haed, ocy-dven nteet o
atcatng counte, pisA ovde the mot
comehenve and goou ntenatona
aement o eanng outcome (mathematc,
eadng and cence) n educaton. in keeng
wth thee common nteet, the coe and
natue o the pisA ntument ae deveoed
by eadng exet n the atcatng counte.Moeove, at o the vaue o atcatng
counte n pisA ha been hown to e n
the ocy nght geaned om comaatve
anay.
OECD w contbute eon om pisA n
eect o how to et and meaue eatc
eanng goa and taget and the key ace
o oge towad achevng thee. OECD
w ao contbute to thnkng n eevant oa
about utue educaton goa (MDG and the
boade Educaton o A amewok) budng
on counte’ exeence atcatng n pisA
and t ocu on ovdng comaatve data and
anay on ocy-makng to he bud efcent,
eectve and equtabe educatona ytem
and move eanng outcome o a tudent.
pannng o the 2015 cyce o pisA cuenty
undeway. Many deveong counte that
have not atcated n evou pisA cyce
Tbe 1. The goba taget o educaton n ace today
EducaTion-rElaTEd MdGs EducaTion For all Goals
G 2: Enue that by 2015
chden eveywhee, boy
and g ake, w be abe
to comete a u coue omay choong.
G 3: Emnate gende
daty n may and
econday educaton,
eeaby by 2005, and
n a eve o educaton
no ate than 2015.
1. Exandng and movng comehenve eay chdhood cae and educaton, eecay o the
mot vuneabe and dadvantaged chden.
2. Enung that by 2015 a chden, atcuay g, chden n dfcut ccumtance and thoebeongng to ethnc mnote, have acce to, and comete, ee and comuoy may educaton
o good quaty (ao MDG2).
3. Enung that the eanng need o a young eoe and adut ae met though equtabe acce to
aoate eanng and e-k ogamme.
4. Achevng a 50 e cent movement n eve o adut teacy by 2015, eecay o women, and
equtabe acce to bac and contnung educaton o a adut.
5. Emnatng gende date n may and econday educaton by 2005, and achevng gende
equaty n educaton by 2015, wth a ocu on enung g’ u acce to and achevement n bac
educaton o good quaty (ao MDG3).
6. imovng a aect o the quaty o educaton and enung exceence o a o that ecogned
and meauabe eanng outcome ae acheved by a, eecay n teacy, numeacy and eenta
e k.
Bx 1. Wht Pisa?
Ft conducted n 2000, pisA ovde the
mot comehenve and goou ntenatona
aement o eanng outcome (mathematc,
eadng and cence) n educaton. Th nvove
tetng, evey thee yea, about ha a mon
tudent aged 15 om aound 70 counte, ncudng
many mdde ncome and ow ncome counte.
Aongde the tet te, pisA coect tudent,
choo and ytem eve contextua nomaton,
uch a aenta occuaton and educaton, whch
aow the acto to be dentfed that ae aocated
wth quaty and equty n choong outcome.
Fo moe, vt www.oecd.org/pisa
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have exeed an nteet, oowng the
ucceu atcaton o a age numbe
o mdde-ncome counte n evou pisA
cyce, ncudng Chna and inda. The otve
exeence o Baz, peu and Vetnam,
o exame, demontate that deveong
counte can beneft gnfcanty om
atcatng n pisA. To uthe uot th,
the pisA ogamme cuenty undetakng
te to nceae the ocy eevance o
pisA o deveong counte. it hoed thato utue cyce, pisA w be abe to oe
deveong counte enhanced ocy anay
and nght that ae atcuay eevant
to them and that moe counte w be abe
to atcate.
Gb et pge t teTwo MDG eate ecfcay to educaton
(Tabe 1). Thee two educaton-eated MDG
wee dawn om x Educaton o A (EFA)goa ageed at the International Conference
on Education for All hed n Daka, senega
n 2000. it motant to note that neay a
o the Educaton o A goa ncude ome
condeaton o eanng and educatona
quaty.
Unvea may educaton (UpE) eman
the mot motant o the x EFA goa, and
the ft o the two educaton-eated goa
ncuded among the MDG. UpE ha a much
onge htoy than the othe MDG. snce1960, the ntenatona communty, actated
many by UNEsCO, ha et thee ucceve
taget date o achevng UpE. The ft taget
date o 1980 wa ageed n the 1960 at ou
egona coneence. When that taget wa
not eached, the new date o 2000 wa ageed
by the ntenatona communty n Jomten,
Thaand n 1990. A uthe otonement to
2015 wa ageed n 2000, n Daka, when UpE
wa boadened to Educaton o A (EFA).
Tbe 2. Educaton-eated MDG: 2012 tatu chat
AFRICA ASIA OCEANIASOUTH
AMERICA
nthsb-
shEt sth-Et sth Wet
The
c &
cet a
lt
ame &
cbbe
uve
pmy
hg
High
enrolment
Moderate
enrolment
High
enrolment
High
enrolment
High
enrolment
High
enrolment
High
enrolment—
High
enrolment
Eq g’
emet
pmy
h
Close to
parity
Close to
parityParity Parity Parity Parity Parity
Close to
parityParity
Source: Unted Naton stattc, June 2012
Key:
Taget aeady met o exected to be
met by 2015
No oge o
deteoaton
poge nufcent to each the taget
evang tend et
Mng o
nufcent data
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Condeabe oge ha been made towad
the two educaton-eated MDG nce 2000
and the tatu o thee encouagng (Tabe 2).
in act, moe oge ha been made towad
thee two goa than the othe MDG.
Meaung oge towad the educaton-
eated MDG ha ocued on county-eve
eotng wth no ub-natona beakdown –
counte have been aeed a “on-tack” o
“o-tack” o achevng the goa. Howeve,
th aoach ha not catued the oge
that counte have made wth nceang
enoment and cometon ate, wth evea
deveong counte tatng om a vey
ow bae. Becaue t ocued on natonaaveage, county eve eotng ha ao
maked nequate and egona date
wthn counte, atcuay n the age
mdde ncome counte whee mot o the
wod’ oo ve. Whe the UpE goa dd ncude
a quaty ndcato (teacy eve o young
eoe aged 15-24), the man ouce o data
a 10-yeay ouaton cenu caed out
by natona govenment. in mot cae, thee
ae not eabe aement o teacy amongyoung eoe – a common tet o teacy
n thee uvey my confmaton by
houehod membe that they can wte the
own name. Meaung educatona oge
beyond 2015 w need to adde thee ue
– atcuay o deveong counte that may
ace ecfc chaenge n data coecton and
have egona date and dadvantaged
gou.
Wht w the pt-2015et g k ke?A focus on the quality of learning
Dete the gan n enoment and
atcaton, many young eoe aound the
wod — eecay the dadvantaged — ae
t eavng choo wthout the knowedge and
k they need to thve n ocety and fnd
decent job.1 UNEsCO anay, baed on data
om pisA and othe ntenatona aement,
how the condeabe economc gan to be
made by movng tudent eanng. it how
a cea nk between eanng and the gowth o
an economy (UNEsCO, 2012). A bette educated
wokoce mean oductvty gan and geatennovaton, and thee have a tong mact on
the utue we-beng o ocety. in addton,
eue on ad budget n dono counte
ceatng a demand o eut n deveoment;
n educaton th mean a ocu on movng
tudent eanng outcome.
A shift of focus towards secondary education
The EFA movement, ed by UNEsCO, ha made
the achevement o unvea may educaton
a ong-tandng goa and a touchtone o
the eoune o natona govenment n
deveong counte. Th me yet dauntng
goa ha oven to be a oweu ayng ont
o dono, natona govenment, NGO and
actvt. in act, o oweu ha UpE become
that t ha dven the fnancng o educaton n
deveong counte o the at decade, wth
ht o dono and natona eouce om
hghe eve o educaton towad the ftyea o choong.
Wth UpE now wthn the ga o mot
counte (Tabe 2), attenton htng towad
econday educaton and enung that a
Bx 2. Pisa’ eeve f evepmet
The 2009 pisA uveyed 74 counte and
econome: a the OECD counte u 40 othe
counte and econome.
The uvey aeed the eomance o 15-yea-
od, and n addton coected data on aentaoccuaton and educaton and on eected home
chaactetc, uch a the avaabty o book.
Wth th nomaton, an ndex o economc, oca
and cutua tatu wa contucted. it can be
ued to denty the eatonh between tudent’
eomance n choo and the dadvantage they
ace becaue o the home backgound.
1. Accodng to UNEsCO’ atet EFA Goba Montongreot (UNEsCO, 2012).
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tudent acheve at eat a mnmum eve o
eanng. Thee ao a ecognton that n
ode o educaton to uot the achevement
o the othe MDG, and a new et o goba
goa beyond 2015, choo eave w need theknd o cometence and hghe ode thnkng
k that ae ony acheved at the econday
educaton eve. in many deveong counte,
the ucce o UpE ceatng nceaed demand
o econday educaton and otca eade n
thee context have eaed the otenta o
‘econday educaton o a’ camagn.
Wht e the oEcd py?
Whe the motance o may educaton,acce and equty w be etaned, a ot 2015
educaton-eated goa key to ncude a
tonge ocu on eanng and ncooate the
econday educaton eve. Th knd o goa
w eent the ntenatona communty wth
a majo chaenge to deveo o denty and
agee on a unvea eanng metc. How do
we defne a eanng goa that can be meaued
and tacked ove tme? How do we denty
and coect the evdence needed to meaue
oge? What taget can be et to gude
oge towad th goa? The OECD we
aced to contbute to thnkng about thee
chaenge.
Majo OECD ocy ntument, uch a
the pogamme o intenatona student
Aement (ee Box 1), have oneeed new
and hghy coaboatve way n whch to
meaue oge n ocete on a goba cae.
The OECD ha much to hae om the eon
om pisA on how to meaue eanng, the
key ace o oge towad achevng
a eanng goa and ao the motance o
avodng ettng ove-ambtou eanng goa
and taget. Fo exame, the way n whch
counte have eveaged the pisA eut
o natona ocy dcuon ndcate the
key ace o oge towad achevng a
eanng goa n OECD counte, mdde ncome
counte and deveong counte eectvey.
Undetandng thee ocee w ao he to
enue that goa and taget ae eatc and
achevabe.
pisA eut have not ony dentfed ome o
the wod’ to eomng and mot equtabe
educaton ytem, they have ao hown that
counte om a vaety o tatng ont have
managed to ae the quaty o educatonaoutcome ubtantay. To date 28 ow ncome
and mdde ncome counte have atcated.
Deveong counte can beneft gnfcanty
om atcatng n pisA a
demontated by the otve
exeence o Baz, peu and
Vetnam (Box 2). pannng o the
2015 cyce o pisA cuenty
undeway and an extenve t
o counte ae beng aked
to confm the nteet natcatng. A age numbe o
thee ae deveong counte that
have not atcated n evou
pisA cyce. To uthe uot th,
the pisA ogamme cuenty
nceang the ocy eevance o
pisA o deveong counte (Box
3). An motant tand o th wok
w exoe how to bet ncude
out-o-choo youth wthn theaement oce. it hoed© UNEsCO/ Joé Gabe ruz lembo
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that o utue cyce, a a eut o the pisA o
deveoment oject, pisA w be abe to oe
deveong counte enhanced ocy anay
and nght that ae atcuay eevant to
them. Th houd nceae the atcaton odeveong counte n pisA.
Setting the baseline for an education goal
Wth nceaed numbe o deveong counte
atcatng n the pisA 2015 cyce th coud
otentay eve a a baene o meaung
oge by deveong counte, ncudng
ome o the eat deveoed, towad a ot-
2015 educaton goa. Th coud bng omegnfcant advantage:
• A nge eeence agant whch to
goouy gauge the degee o oge
made towad taget o educatona
quaty and equty.
• A comaabe and obut meaue
o oge to aow a counte –
egade o the tatng ont – to
etabh themeve on an movementtajectoy to acheve taget eeenced to
common ntenatona goa.
• Cedbe and comaabe eut: pisA
eque atcatng counte to
oow common technca, nttutona
and admntatve tandad o the
aement.
• An ootunty to he bud nttutona
caacty. Counte ae eonbe
o oveeeng pisA mementaton;
theeoe, atcaton n pisA can ao
dve movement n nttuton. Thcaacty budng coud be memented
decty wth deveoment atne n a
way that ceate -ove beneft to
othe at o the educatona ecto.
Beyond pisA the OECD ovde othe
comaatve data and ocy anay to he
Bx 4. Bg eg metUNEsCO ha etabhed a leanng Metc
Tak Foce wth the uot o the Bookng
inttute to bng togethe exet to deveo
ecommendaton o the goba educaton and
deveoment communte about ntenatonay
comaabe eanng tandad, metc and
mementaton actce. The tak oce
engage eevant acto at the otca and
technca eve n a conutatve oce. The
tak oce w wok though t ate 2013,
eedng nto the goba ocy dcoue and
ocee, atcuay eated to the ot-2015Educaton o A and Mennum Deveoment
Goa agenda, a we a the Unted Naton
secetay Genea’ Educaton Ft intatve.
The OECD w contbute exeence, evdence,
anay and eevant ocy knowedge to the
leanng Metc Tak Foce, the UN’ thematc
conutaton and othe eevant oa that ae
eonbe o deveong and ageeng ot-
2015 educaton goa.
Bx 3. Pisa f evepmet
OECD ha deveoed a oject o nceang the atcaton n pisA by deveong counte. in ummay, the
oject am to nceae the ocy eevance o pisA o deveong counte though enhanced pisA uvey
ntument that ae moe eevant o the context ound n deveong counte but whch oduce coe that
ae on the ame cae a the man pisA aement. The oject w ao deveo an aoach and methodoogyo ncudng out o choo chden n the uvey. The oject’ objectve w be acheved ove a 36 month
eod though a thee-way atneh nvovng the OECD, concened deveoment atne (DAC membe u
the Wod Bank, UNEsCO and othe UN bode and othe egona oganaton) and atne counte om the
deveong wod.
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rEFErEncEs
Fawcett, C., A. Hatwe and r. iae (2010), Out-of-school youth in developing countries: What
the data do (and do not) tell us , Educaton Deveoment Cente, inc.
Hung, N. and F. W. Thuku (2010), “Vaaton n eadng achevement aco 14 outhen Acan
choo ytem: Whch acto matte?”, intenatona revew o Educaton, Vo. 56, . 63-101.
OECD (2010), pisA 2009 (5 voume), OECD pubhng.
OECD (2012), PISA Against the Odds: Disadvantaged Students Who Succeed in School , OECD
pubhng.
OECD (2012), PISA 2009 Technical Report , OECD pubhng.
ro, K.N. and i. Jugen Genevo (Ed., 2006), Cross-national studies of the quality of education:
Planning their design and managing their impact , UNEsCO/iiEp, pa.
UNEsCO (2012), Youth and skills: Putting education to work , EFA Goba Montong reot,
UNEsCO.
bud efcent, eectve and moe equtabe
educatona ytem and move eanng
outcome. The OECD’ tattc and ndcato
ovde a tong evdence-bae o ntenatona
comaon o mot aect o educatonytem. OECD’ ocy anaye actate ee
eanng aco counte a new ocy oton
ae exoed and exeence comaed. it
utue-oented educatona eeach he
hae ocy agenda by dentyng ucomng
ue whe dawng uon the ovea beadth
o the OECD’ ocy wok. The Oganaton ao
ovde a oum whee govenment, bune,
cv ocety and academa can hae bet
actce and ean om one anothe.
in addton, the OECD–hoted secetaat o
the patneh n stattc o Deveoment n
the 21t Centuy (pAris21) uot deveong
counte’ eot to deveo the tattca
caacty neceay, inter alia , to monto oge
towad natona and ntenatona goa. By
uotng the degn and mementaton o
Natona statege o the Deveoment o
stattc (NsDs), pAris21 ay a key oe
n heng deveong counte manteam
educaton tattc nto the natona tattca
ytem, theeby movng the tackng ooge towad a ot–2015 goba educaton
goa.
To concude, the OECD w uot educaton-
eated ot-2015 goa that etan a ocu on
acce and equty at may and econday
educaton eve, wht ncooatng a
meanngu ocu on eanng. in atcua, OECD
w engage n the eevant ot-2015 oum
convened unde the UN (Box 4) and contbuteto thee on the ba o t extenve exeence
n ung evdence emegng om the anay o
pisA data, comemented by nght deveoed
by t exet n ocy anay, mementaton
and eeach and nnovaton, to nom the
deveoment o a new geneaton o goba goa
and taget n educaton.
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The Unted Naton (UN) Mennum Deveoment Goa (MDG) wee etabhed n 2000/1 and
cont o eght deveoment objectve to be acheved by 2015. it wdey ageed that the MDG
have been eectve n mobng wodwde awaene, eveagng eouce, gudng goba
deveoment eot and nceang accountabty. it ao meve how coe the wod w get to
mot o the MDG by 2015. Thee need, howeve, o a ucceo amewok once the MDG exen 2015 to kee the momentum but to date. The OECD ayed a vota oe n defnng the MDG.
Wth two yea to go, the OECD nceang t eot to uot the achevement o the MDG, and
at the ame tme thnkng about how t can he the UN n deveong a new agenda and amewok
ot-2015. The OECD ha a numbe o aea o exete whch coud ay an motant oe n hang
th ot-2015 agenda and amewok. in the ovevew bochue o th ee, the OECD ooe
eeven aea whch woud be o atcua eevance (Beyond the MDG: Towad an OECD contbuton
to the ot-2015 agenda). One o thee to deveo a unvea meaue o educatona ucce – the
ubject o th bochue.
Fo moe nomaton contact Mchae Davdon ([email protected] ) o Mchae Wad
Eement 1: Meaung what you teaue and keeng ovety at the heat o deveoment
Eemet 2: devepg ve mee f et e
Eement 3: Achevng gende equaty and women’ emowement
Eement 4: integatng utanabty nto deveoment
Eement 5: stengthenng natona tattca ytem
Eement 6: Budng eectve nttuton and accountabty mechanm
Eement 7: Deveong and omotng eacebudng and tatebudng goa
Eement 8: Enung ocy coheence o deveoment
Eement 9: shang knowedge and engagng n ocy daogue and mutua eanng
Eement 10: pomotng the Goba patneh o Eectve Deveoment Co-oeaton
Eement 11: Meaung and montong deveoment fnance