Characteristics:Intracellular blood parasitesAbsence of conoid, oocyst, spores, pseudocyst, flagella, no hemozoin pigmentGametocytes are found in erythrocytes or lymphocytesHeteroxenous i.e merogony by binarry fission and budding occure in vertebrate host (asexual) while gametogony and sprogony (sexual) in invertebrate host (hard tick)Locomotion by body flexion or gliding

Class II: Piroplasm

Class: Piroplasmorida

Family: TheleriidaeFamily: Babesiidae Family: Anaplasmiidae

genus: Theleriagenus: Babesia genus: Anaplasmia

Genus: Babesia

Stage to stage transmission

Transovarian transmission

Babesia spp. Life cycle

• Schizogony/ merogony occurs in RBCs

• B. Equi (T. Equi or Nuttalia equi)

merogony occurs in lymphocytes

• In RBCs the parasite is formed by union of

two merozoites except B. Equi are four

merozoites (cross-shaped)

Sporogony

n-times

Gamogony

Merogony

Host

VECTORTICK

heteroxenous

Host (IH) species VECTOR

Cattle B. divergens Ixodes ricinus

B. major Haemaphysalis punctata

B. bigemina Rhipicephalus microplus

B. bovis

Dog B canis Dermacentor reticulatus

B. gibsoni Haemaphysalis bispinosa u.a.

Horse B. caballi Dermacentor spp.

T. (B.) equi Dermacentor spp.

(Nuttalia equi) Rhipicephalus spp.

Hyalomma spp.

Human B. microti

Class II: Piroplasm

Pathogenicity of Babesia spp.

• Babesiosis or Red water or Taxas fever or Tick fever----highly

pathogenic---death

• Body temprature 41°C, rouphy coat, restlessness

• Acute formHeamoglobinuria (destruction of RBCs) Jaundice,

aneamiaspleenomegaly liver and kidney damage

• Chronic form emaciation, no clinical signs

• In human signs are similar to malaria

• Diagnosis: case history, blood film, serological diagnosis

• Treatment: Imizol, Berenil, Acaprine and supportive treatment

• Tick control program

Theileria annulata, T. parva• Absence of transovarian transmission only stage to stage transmission

(interstadial transmission)

• Schizogony/merogony occurs in the lymphocytes

• Infection from tick by sporozoites, coma-shaped, enter the lymphocyts

• form Koch‘s blue bodies (schizont)..... Rupture of lymphocytes another

infection to lymphocytes .....

• Forming the macro and microgametocytes-- taken by tick during blood meal

• --- ray bodies- fusion-- motile kinete (zygote) penetrate the intestinal

wall of tick- oocyst , Large No. Of sporozoites ...migrate to salivary

gland...infect another host

Theileria

Pathogenicity of Theileria spp.

Theileria annulata Egyptian fever or Mediterranian cost fever affect cattles, sheep, Ox, water buffaloes

Acute form fever 41°C, decrease in milk production, swelling of superficial lymph nodes and eye lids, bloody diarrhia, anaemia, jaundice

Chronic form irregular fever, inappetance, emaciation, anaemia, enllargement of lymph nodes

T. parva cause African coast fever or Bovine theileriosis or East cost fever affect water buffaloes and cattles

Signs same to T.annulata + internal haemorahgic foci, ulcers in the abomasum

T. mutansBovine gonderiosisT. camelensiscamelsT. ovis sheep and goats

Babesia major

Babesia canisBabesia divergens

Theileria sp.

Intraerythrocytic Stages of Piroplasms

Babesia-Stages in Tick gut

Babesiosis: internal Bleeding

Babesiosis: Bloody urine

Piroplasmosis in Horses

Control measures of Babesiosis

Treatment (Imidocarb, Berinel inj., symptomatic treatment)

Chemoprophylaxis (Imidocarb)

Tick control and prophylaxis