330 REVIEWS.

The Anatomy and Histology of Ticks. By Captain S. R. Christophers, M.B., I.M.S. Calcutta : Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, 1907. Price 4S. 6d.

Piroplasma Canis and its Life C)'cle on the Tick. By the same author. Price 3s.

THE above two monographs form part of the series of scientific memoirs by officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India. The first of them is a most timely contribution to a subject which has within the last few years become one of great practical as well as scientific interest. A whole series of most important diseases, associated under the name Piro­plasmoses, are now known to be tick-transmitted, but much work remains to be done with the object of determining the details of the important role which these arachnids play in this connection. Fur entering upon that line of research with any prospect of success a knowledge of the internal anatomy and histology of ticks is obviously indispensable, and hitherto this has been almost a blank space in the literature on the arachnoidea. Captain Christophers has set himself to remedy this defect, and the result of his labours will greatly lighten the task of those who may hereafter have to pursue the piroplasms in their passage through the tick. After preliminary chapters on the bionomics and general zoological characters of ticks, the author deals successively with their external anatomy and their internal structure, and concludes with a chapter on the structure of the ovum and the embryology of ticks. The value of the work is greatly enhanced by a series of carefully executed drawings, but it is rather annoying to find that the lettering of some of the figures has been omitted.

The second memoir gives the results of the author's researches regarding Malignant Jaundice of the Dog, or Canine Piroplasmosis, which has already been proved to be a common disease in Madras and other parts of India, as well as in South Africa and Southern Europe. The clinical and pathological aspects of the disease are dealt with, but the chief interest of the work lies in the observations which the author has been able to make regarding the complex phases of development exhibited by the piroplasms in the bodies of the transmitting tick (rhipicephalus sanguineus). The details of this develop­ment suggest a sexual cycle resembling that of the malarial parasites, but actual fertilisation or male elements have not yet been definitely made out.

Manual of Bacteriology. By Robert Muir, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P.Ed., Pro­fessor of Pathology, University of Glasgow, and James Ritchie, M.A., M.D., B.Sc., Superintendent of the Royal College of Physicians' Labora­tory, Edinburgh, formerly Professor of Pathology in the University of Oxford. Fourth Edition. Edinburgh and London: Young J. Pentland, 190 7.

THE new edition of this excellent work on bacteriology maintains the char­acters which have made it so popular as a student's manual. The text gives evidence of careful revision, and a new chapter dealing with the trypano­somiases has been added. It is essentially a text-book of human bacteriology, and the only bacterial diseases of animals that are dealt with at length are those which are also communicable to man. The general part of the work, dealing with methods, immunity, etc., is alike serviceable for the medical and the veterinary student.