HOMEPipingDrawingsPipingIsometricsP&IDiagram2DPiping3DPipingModelsLISPTrainingPipingTrainingDesignInfoTubularExchangerAgitator/MixerDesign&DrawingsTubularExchangerAgitator/MixerZeroHoldupFilterProcessVesselJibCraneAboutMeMyResumeContactMeCrossCountryPipingSatishLelesatish.lele@gmail.comM:919820277283WhyIsometricDrawingsarerequired?:Generallyinthedevelopmentofaproject,aconceptual 2D drawing is first created. In this all pipelines are drawn at zero z coordinate. This is then converted into a 3D scale model, to check interference of pipelines. 2D General Arrangement (GA) drawings are used for fabrication on site. A GAdrawingisgenerallyonA0orA1sizepaperandcontainsalotoflines,andmaynotbeeasy to understand pipe routine. A0 or A1 size drawing is to big to handle. A pipefabricatorcanunderstandGAdrawingbetteronlywiththehelpof3Dscalemodel.But3D scale model can not be put on a paper, and 3D scale model does not indicatedimensions. To aid pipe fabricator on site, isometric drawings are prepared. Anisometric drawing is generally on a A3 size paper. A pipe fabricator can read it andunderstand pipe routine easily. Also pipe fabricator can pick up material required forfabricationofpipelinefromstores,withthehelpofBillofMaterialgiveninisometricdrawing.ISOvsORTHOGRAPHICSimplicity(OnlyonepipelineisdrawninoneA3sizepaper).Inaorthographicviewitisnotaproblemifthepiperunsinoneplane,butwhenapiperunsintwoorthreeplanes(northtosouth,thendownandthentothewest,etc.)anorthographicviewcanbeunclear.More number of drawings needed in orthographic views than ISO to representthesamepipingsystem.SectionalviewsarerequiredforclarityofpiperoutingUnlike orthographic drawings, piping isometric drawings allow the pipe line to bedrawn in a manner by which the length, width and depth are shown in a single view.Isometricsareusuallydrawnfrominformationfoundonaplanandsectionalelevationviews.Thesymbolsthatrepresentfittings,Valvesandflangesaremodifiedtoadapttotheisometricgrid.TheIso,asisometriciscommonlyreferred,isorientedonthegridrelativetothenortharrow found on plan drawings. Because isos are not drawn to scale, accuratedimensionsarerequiredtospecifyexactlengthsofpipingruns.Pipe lengths are determined through calculations using coordinates and elevations.Verticallengthsofpipearecalculatedusingcenterlineelevationsofpipelines,whilehorizontallengthsarecalculatedusingnorthsouthandeastwestcoordinates.Pipingisometricsaregenerallyproducedfromorthographicdrawingsandareimportantpieces of information to engineers. In very complex or large piping systems, pipingisometricsareessentialtothedesignandmanufacturingphasesofaproject.Pipingisometricsareoftenusedbydesignerspriortoastressanalysisandarealsousedby draftsmen to produce shop fabrication spool drawings. Isometrics are the mostimportantdrawingsforinstallationcontractorsduringthefieldportionoftheproject.WhatisanIsometricDrawing?Apipingisometricdrawingisa2Ddrawinginwhichpipingisrepresentedlikea3Ddrawing.InCADdrawing,onlyxandycoordinatesareusedtodrawentiredrawing.Isometric Layout: Isometric lines can be in vertical direction and two otherdirectionsat30fromhorizontal.Alldirectionsofthepipemaymatchthethreeisometricaxislines.Itispopularwithintheprocesspipingindustrybecauseitcanbedrawnandreadwitheaseandshowsthepipinginarealisticview.PipelineAnalysisStrength&StabilityofPipelinesBuried/Unburied,Onland/Offshoreplasmacuttingmachine86053722002098605372236906It is used along with plans and sectional elevations but typically it is used tosupplementtheplandrawings.Isometrics are used as fabrication & shop drawings for fabrication of run of apipe.Isometrics also provide a drafter with the ability to calculate angular offsets inthepiperun.Isometricsaredrawnonbsizepaper(11x17)inimperialunitsandonA3sizepaper(297mmx210mm)inmetricunits.Drawingnumberandrevisionnumberisindicatedinboxontopleftcorner.Itisalsoshownintitlebox.ThetableatbottomindicatesthenumbersofrelevantP&IDdrawingandGeneralArrangement(GA)drawing.Thebillofmaterialappearsintoprightcorner.Atableisalsoprovidedforindicatingrevisionsmade.TherectangularareaonleftisreservedforIsometricdrawing.The line number is shown in space in right column. General notes appear below linenumber.Everycompanyhasitsowntemplate,showingcompany'sname,address,logoetc.,Arrowshowingnorthdirectionisshownintopleftcorner.AnortharrowshowsNorthdirection with respect to North direction in GA drawing. The direction orientationdepends on North Direction of Plan drawing. This helps in reading the Plan andIsometricdrawingstogether.Preparing a sketch to draft isometric drawing: View the model in the direction ofnorthofmodelandstartsketchingpipelines.The line may start from nozzle of an equipment, such as a vessel or a pump. Indicatenozzle number and equipment tag near nozzle. In some cases, it may originate fromsome other line. Indicate line number of that pipe line, its center line elevation, andisometricdrawingnumberofthatpipeline.Branches of the pipe run or continuations are placed on other drawings, typicallyshown as short portion of dashed line on main pipe run. Dashed lines show pipecontinuation.Referencedrawinginformationisgivenforcontinuation.One run of pipe is drawn in one isometric drawing. If one pipe run can not beaccommodatedinonedrawing,itiscontinuedinnextdrawing.Twoidenticalpipelines(Two similar suction lines of two pumps) are generally drawn in one isometricdrawing.Isometricsarerarelydrawntoscale.Alongerpipe,(onleft),maybeshownshorter,ifit does not have any fittings in it. However, a small length pipe may be shown withlonger length, to show all the fittings in that portion of line. However, pipe lengthsshould be shown accurately. In this case, it is limited by space, so sometimesproportion may be sacrificed but it is important that the written dimensions areaccurate. If the pipe is vertical, the lettering should be written vertically and at 30obliquing angle. Text in dimension in vertical lines, should always be parallel withdimensionline.Direction & Location: Location and direction helps to orient the isometric drawingproperly.Structuralreferencepointsthatprovidelocationofcolumnalongthegridcanbeshownonisometric.Dimensionsmustalwaysbegiventopointsofreference,suchasstructures,centerlineofexistingequipmentetc.Coordinatesshouldalsobeshownontheisometricdrawing.When orienting fittings or valves it is important to draw the fittings or valves, so thattheyareinclinedtothelastdirectionchangeorbranchinthepipe.Fittingsorvalvesaredrawn the same shape as they appear on the plan & elevation drawings but they aredrawnatanisometricangle.Lookingattheorientationofmodel,goonsketchingthelinefromoneendtoother.Toget the length of each cut pipe, get distance between two ends of 3D pipe. To get thelength of pipe from center line of fitting to center line of anathor fitting get distancebetweeninsertionpointsoftwofittings.Ifyouaresketchingwiththehelpofplandrawings,usethedifferenceinelevationsoftwo adjacent lines as length of the vertical line. For horizontal lines, use the distancebetweentwopipes,togetlengthofthepipe.Marklengthofeachpipelineoneachlineinthesketchofisometricdrawing.Mark elbows on the drawing. Show location of valves, with type of flange. Thelocationof thevalve isshownby dimension of thecenter of valve. Showdirectionofflow,withpipeNB.Ifahorizontalpipelinehasaslope,indicateitonthatpipeline.Use branching table to select end connection of Elbows. Normally, Elbows with NBlessthan50aresocketweldorsecrewedandElbowswithNBgreaterthan40havebuttweldends.Elbowscanbedrawninacoupleofways.Addanybranchtothedrawing,like,Tee,ReducingTee,Weldolet,Socolet,elboletetc.If the line is reduced in its path, add a reducer. Reducer can be concentric, eccentricwith flat top or eccentric with flat bottom. Concentric reducer is generally used in avertical line or line where flow pattern should not get disturbed, as in case of line ofControl Valve. Eccentric reducer with flat top is generally used in suction line of apump. Eccentric reducer with flat bottom is generally used in horizontal lines. Itmaintainsthebottomlevelofpipelineafterreductioninsize.Swageisusedtoconnectapipewithbuttweldendtoapipewithasocketweldend.IfthereisanyCoupling,Union,Hoseortrapinapipeline,drawitonline.Spec change is generally implemented at isolating valve or at flange of differentpressure rating. The spec of valve depends on Fluid in this and next pipe line orpressure ratings of this and next pipe line. Demarcation is shown between new andexistingpipespecandreferencelinenumber,drawingnumberandcenterlineelevationisindicatedfornewdrawing.Usuallyanoteindicatesthenameorspecificationofthebranchline.Offsets: To indicate an offset, hatches on isometric drawings are applied, to indicatethatapiperunsatacertainangleandinwhichdirectionthepiperuns.Itisdonewithafitting(typicallya45elbow).HorizontalOffset:Ifalineturnsat30to45inhorizontalplane,youdrawapipewitha 45 elbow. But it would look like a vertical line. To avoid confusion, the offset isdrawn22horizontaloffsettogivetheillusionoftheangle.VerticalOffset:Ifalineturnsat30to45inverticalplane,youdrawapipewitha45elbow.Inthiscase,too,toavoidconfusion,theoffsetisdrawn22verticaloffsettogivetheillusionoftheangle.Dimensioning:Dimensionsshouldpreferablyappearaboveifthepipelineishorizontaland on left hand side, if the pipe line is vertical. Best way to dimension a pipe line isbetweenitscenterlineattheintersectionpoints.Trytokeepalldimensionsoutsidethepipingviewwhenpossible.Dimensionsshouldalwaysbeshownbetweenpointsinthesameplane.Oneoftheextensionlinesofthedimensionshouldbeacenterlineoftherunofpipe.Whenyoucreateanisometricsketchfromamodel,useofthefollowingfeatureswillmakethebestuseofthesystem:1. Single source for all piping documents: The piping model provides a singlecentralsourcefromwhichallprojectpersonnelcanextractandmanipulatedata.Ineffect,thisisanofficialmasterdocumentthatisalwaysuptocurrentrevisionlevel.Drawingsforanypurposearebaseduponthemodelsgeometry.2. Threedimensional geometry: The piping model is a true threedimensionalrepresentationofthepipingsystem.Theactualcoordinatesofeverypointonthedesign are available for use in dimensioning individual drawings, checkingclearancebetweenmodeledobjects,makingspecialreports,extractinggeometryforpipestressanalysis,andremovinghiddenlines.3. Standard design technique: The model is conducive to proper drafting anddesign techniques because it promotes a specific method of model creation. Inthecaseofa3Dpipingmodel,certainstepsmustbefollowed,therebypromotingastandardtechniqueofmodeldesign.4. Reduced drafting repetition: Some of the commands used for plant designeliminate many timeconsuming steps that arise in drafting an isometric. Theseinclude creating fitting symbols, calculating dimensions, dimensioning skewpipes,andextractingabillofmaterials.5. Externalsoftwareinterface:Thedatabaseofapipingmodelcanbeoutputinaneutral format that is used to interface to external programs. An example of anexternalprogramisoneforstressanalysis.6. Projectlinkage:Datafromapipingmodelcanbelinkedwithdatafromrelatedmodels in a common project. This allows reporting across adjacent models anddataconsistencychecksbetweenpipelinesindifferenttypesofdrawingssuchasarrangementsandP&IDs.To create an isometric drawing, first create a true threedimensional piping model.Although you can use explicit modeling as a conventional drafting system, it isrecommendedthatyouuseitasanintelligent3Dmodelingaid.Makinganisometricinvolvesthefollowingsteps:1. Establishing model defaults: The first step is to establish default parameters for themodel.Thevaluessetherehaveagreateffectontheappearanceofboththemodelandtheisometricandtheeasewithwhichtheyaremade.Thefollowingisalistofsomeofthemoreimportantitemsandthecommandsusedtosettheirvalues:Modelingunits.Drawingappearance.Vieworientation.Constructionplaneorigin.Textwidthandfont.Componentinsertionparameters.Dimensioningparameters.2.Insertingnonpipingitems:Asapartofyourpipingmodel,youmaywanttoinsertitems at the origin and destinations of pipe lines such as nozzles on vessels or heatexchangers, and other pieces of major equipment. Before inserting the piping, fit themodel in the active view window. End points of the piping main line are the likelylocations. Then position these points using the ZOOM VIEW or DYNAMIC VIEWcommands.MaintainthefinalorientationwithSETVIEW.3. Inserting piping items: Menu options provide the required data for automaticcomponentselection.Beginroutingattheupstreamterminusofthemainlineandroutefrom vertex to vertex in the flow direction until the line is terminated. Going frombeginningtoend,insertallfittingsbyinsertingthesethroughmenu.Aftercompletingthemainline,routebranchesoffthemainlineinthesameway.4.Freezingmodelgeometry:Aftercheckingthepipinglayoutandthefittinglocations,freezethemodelgeometry.5. Setting up the isometric: Create a sketch on paper, looking at the model. Measuredimensions on model and note down in sketch. Using the isometric program, createisometric.6. Dimensioning the isometric: Using different dimension options, write alldimensions.7. Editing the isometric: Changing the layer scheme, rotating item number labels,translatingweldnumbers,unblankingpipesegments,andeditingdimensions.8.Insertingabillofmaterials:Usingautomaticbillofmaterialoptionyoucancreateatable.Thevaluesinthetableneedtobeadoptedaspersketch.Lengthsofpipe,sizeofreducers and number and lengths of bolts need to be changed using options in BOMmenu.9.Plottingthedrawing:Youcanplottheisometricusingstandardplotcommand.PROGRAMforPIPINGISOMETRICDRAWINGSMostCADpackagesarepreparedinsuchamannerthatthesecanbeeasilycustomized.4 Programs of OpenPipe are such customized programs. The Iso program is totallybasedonLISPprogramsandthereareonly4smallsymbolsorblockstobeinsertedasin other programs, due to which there is a lot of saving of Disk space as well as thedrawing also has very small size. Since the program is written in LISP, you can evenmodifyitfurtherasperyourchoice.Thedifferentpipingentitiesarearrangedonlayers1to6(whichiscompatiblewithMicrostation).SpecialDialogueBoxesarecreatedtomake the program more user friendly. The drawing can be converted to MicrostationDGNformat.PIPING ISOMETRICS PROGRAM can run on Personal Computers, on a Pentiumsystem with 32 MB RAM. It supports screen, pulldowns and icon menus, as well as,dialogue boxes. The program is specifically written for any CAD program. It can notrunonAutocadLT.SeparateMenusarecreatedforMetricandFootInchUnitsunits.Thepulldownmenuhas all the options of isometric drawings. These can be added to main menu usingmenuloadcommand.To try the program, send a request for trial package. The package is a zip file,iso_demo.zip. There is no setup.exe file as in other packages. toRequest Trial Program. Download and unzip iso_demo.zip and copy files in a folder.WhilerunningAutoCADprogram,clickontools>Options(orPreferences)>Files>+ofSupportFileSearchPath>Add>Browse>Selectthefolder.Theiso_demo.zipfilecontainsiso*.lsp,iso.dclandiso.slb,iso.dwg(Borderdrawing).At command prompt run menuload command (Type menuload and press enter). Adialogboxwillopenshowingacadascurrentmenuinmenugrouptab.Clickonbrowsenearfilenametextbox.Changefoldertothefolderwhereallprogramfilesarelocatedand click on arrow of Files of Type box. Select Menu Template (*.mnu) and selectiso_mmoriso_inchasmenutobeloaded.Clickonloadbutton.Clickyestocontinue.Clickonclose.isomenuwillbeloaded,andstartusingpulldownmenu.Thepulldownmenu,iso,hasalltheisodrawingoptions.Theothermenuitemsarenotmodified.ASMEpackageBoughtsofarby24partiesASME,TricloverandVictaulicpackageBoughtsofarby11partiesProfessionalChargesforCADAdonSoftwareforPipingIsometricsforASMEFittingsUS$50PipingIsometricsforASME+TriClover+VictaulicFittingsUS$70Sourseprogramsforalltheabovearealsoavailableforsale.Pricewillbedoubletheindicatedprice.ToBuythepackage fordetails.SETUP:TodrawanIsometricDrawing,firstrunthisoptionfromISOpulldownmenuand select North Direction. A drawing with all default values properly set, is setupautomatically. The size of the drawing is 420 mm wide and 297 mm high for MetricUnits and 17" wide and 11" high for FootInch Units. In the dialog box that appears,enterdrawingnumber,andlinenumber.ThenchangeP&IDNumberaswellasGADNumberusingddedit.Wheneverprogramaskforangleofapipeline,itisselectedindegrees, as per CAD Standard angles.(0 degree for East, 90 degree for North, 180degreesforWest,270or90forSouthandanyotherangleinbetween).NOZZLE:Drawavesselnozzlewithfourtypesofflangesattachedtoit,atanyangle,usingthisoption.Whenyouclickonthisadialogueboxwillopen,showingthetypeofflangeattachedtonozzle.YoucanhaveSlipOn,WeldNeck,SocketWeldorLapJointFlange.Selecttheproperflangeconnection.DialogueBoxwillcloseandyouareaskedto select point location of nozzle on the pipeline and then through a Dialog Box, youcan define nozzle side direction angle in degrees. Assign nozzle number or pumpnumber to the nozzle. It will automatically draw a nozzle with flange and gasket andwritenozzleorpumpnumber.PIPELINES:Whenyouclickonthis,thisofferstwelveoptions.Pipe:Youcandrawallpipelineswithdiameterfrom15mmNBto600mmNB,usingthisoption.Itwillsetlayertolinesize_1andcolouroflayertocyan.Sleeve : You can draw a sleeve through a pipe passes. Program asks toselectthepipeline,andthenyoucanenterthedescriptionofthesleeveindialogbox.Itdrawsthesleeve,andwritesdescriptionontopofit.Insulation:Youcandrawinsulationsymbolonapipeline.Programaskstoselectthepipeline,andthenyoucanenterthedescriptionofInsulationinthedialogbox.Insulationsymbolwillbeputontheline,anddescriptioniswrittenontopofit.Arrow:Toshowdirectionofflowofapipeline,youcanusethisoption.Pickstartpointofarrowheadonthepipelineandpointonthelinetowardstailofarrow.Itautomaticallydrawsthearrow,andwritespipeNBaboveit.Triangle : If a line is running at an angle other thanNorth/SouthorEast/West,oratanangleinhorizontalorverticalplane,youcanusethis option to draw the other two sides of triangle (These lins are drawn un layer 0).Program draws pipeline joining two end points of triangle and you can continue pipeoptionanddrawthepipelinefurther.Theselinescanbeusedforhatchingthetriangle.Box : If a line is running at an angle other than North / South orEast / West, as well as at an angle in horizontal or vertical plane, you can use thisoption to draw the lower two sides as triangle option and the program then asks toselect vertical distance and draws a box (The box is drawn un layer 0). A pipelinejoiningtwoendpointsofboxisdrawnandyoucancontinuepipeoptionanddrawthepipelinefurther.Theselinescanbeusedfordimensioningthebox.Slope : To write slope of a line on a pipeline, you can use this option.Program asks us to select a line, then a point in the direction of the slope, text to bewrittenonline(eg.1:100)andafteryouselectthelocationofthetext,programwritesitautomaticallyatthatlocation,whiledrawingatriangleshowingslope.Linetype:Youcanchangelinetypeofalinetocontinuous,hidden,hidden2,hiddenx2,center,center2,centerx2,phantomandphantom2.LineBreak:Youcanput a line breakat the end or anywherein thepipeline.youcanpickupinsertionpointandlinebreakisinserted.Support:Programaskstoselectpipeline.Iflineisinclined,it marks a support at the point selected, an arrow pointing upwards, and writes Cl ofsupport.Iflineisvertical,itdrawsahorizontallinefromthatpointandwritesPS.ChangeLayerto0:Iftheparticularentityisnotpartofthetheline,youcanputittolayerzeroandchangeitslinetypetohidden,usingthisoption.Programaskstoselectanumberofentities,andthenchangesthesame.Continue:Ifapipelineisnotincludedinthisdrawing,itcanbedrawnwiththis.Lineisdrawndotted.Theprogramasksyoutoselectfirstpoint,thensecond point. Through a dialog box, you can enter line number which appears abovetheline.YoucanalsoenterDrawingnumberinwhichthatlineisdrawn.ItiswrittenbelowthelineasC.O.D.andlinenumber.ItwritesCenterlineElevation,belowit.VALVES:Whenyouclickonthisoptionfrompulldownmenu,thisofferssixoptions,whichinturnoffersanumberofoptionswiththehelpofDialogueBoxes.Valves with Slipon Flanges : You can draw gate, globe, plug, ball, check, wafercheck, diaphragm, butterfly and hydrant (or PSV) valves with this option. For checkandwafercheckvalve,youhavetoselectlineanglethroughdialogbox.ValveswithWeldneckFlanges:Youcandrawgate,globe,plug,ball,check,wafercheck, diaphragm, and butterfly valves with this option. For check and wafer checkvalve,youhavetoselectlineanglethroughdialogbox.ValveswithSocketWeldFlanges:Youcandrawgate,globe,plug,ball,checkvalveswiththisoption.Forcheckvalve,youhavetoselectlineanglethroughdialogbox.ValveswithLapJointFlanges : Youcandraw gate, globe, plug, ball,check,wafercheck, diaphragm, and butterfly valves with this option. For check and wafer checkvalve,youhavetoselectlineanglethroughdialogbox.Socket Welded Valves : You can draw gate, globe, plug, ball and check valves withthisoption.Forcheckvalve,youhavetoselectlineanglethroughdialogbox.Screwed Valves : You can draw gate, globe, plug, ball and check valves with thisoption.Forcheckvalve,youhavetoselectlineanglethroughdialogbox.Method to Insert a Valve: First you select the option by clicking it. Dialogue Boxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdrawingitwilldraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclicking. Click on the pipeline and in case of Gate, Globe, Plug, Ball,Diaphragm and Butterfly Valves, valve will be inserted in the line. For Check andWaferCheckvalve,youpickupfromdialogboxtheangleofpipelineinthedirectionofflow.Thevalveisdrawninthelineinproperdirection.Youcanentervalvenumberthroughadialogbox,whichwillbewrittennearit.ForHydrantvalve(orPSV),doubleclick on the end point of pipeline (osnap end is already set), pickup from dialog boxtheangleofpipeline,andagainpickupfromdialogbox,angleofoutletofvalveinthedirection of flow. The Hydrant valve (or PSV) is drawn in the line. Programautomaticallyputsthesevalvesonlayer2,assigncoloroflayerascyanandalsodrawsflangesandgasketsinthedrawing.Youcanflipthevalveifrequired.SPECIAL FITTINGS: When we click on this, this offers six options through iconmenu.1. FlowTransmitterwithSliponFlanges2. FlowTransmitterwithWeldNeckFlanges3. Control/SpecialValvewithSliponFlanges4. Control/SpecialValvewithWeldNeckFlanges5. Control/SpecialValvewithSocketWeldFlanges6. SpectacleBlindWhenyouselectthisoptionadialogueboxopens.Youcanselectthespecialfittingbydouble clicking on the special fitting. For first 7 items, you click on pipe line. TheSpecial Fitting is inserted in the pipe line. In case of flow transmitters and controlvalves, program asks for fitting name and fitting number. Program automatically putsthese on layer 2 and also inserts gasket in the drawing. For spectacle blind, first clickon pipe line, and then pick mid point of gasket. If line is inclined a spectacle blind isinserted in vertical direction. If line is vertical, spectacle blind is inserted at 150degrees.Ifangleofflangeisnotsame,youuseflipfittingoptiontoflipit.FITTINGS:Whenweclickonthis,thisofferstenoptions.Single Flange : This has six options. Weldneck, slipon, socketweld, lapjoint,screwed and blind flanges. You can select the option by clicking it. A Dialogue boxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdrawingitwilldraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclicking,andselectthepipeline(osnapnearestisalreadyset),andfromdialogboxwepickthegasketsideangleofpipeline.Theflangeisinsertedinthepipeline.Itaskswhethergasketisrequired.Ifyousayyes,gasketisputinlineneartheflange,inthedirectionofflow.DoubleFlanges:Thishasfouroptions,weldneck,slipon,socketweld,andlapjoint.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.Adialogueboxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdrawing it will draw. Select the one required, by doubleclicking and select the pipeline(osnapnearestisalreadyset),andthedoubleflangesareinsertedinthepipeline.Itputsgasketinlinebetweentwoflange.Branch Connection : This has nine options, equal tee, reducing tee, weldolet,threadolet,socolet,nippolet,stubin,socketweldteeandscrewedtee.Selecttheoptionby clicking it. A Dialogue box appears on screen showing the type of drawing it willdraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclickingandselectthepipeline.Youhavetothen indicate the angle of side branch, through dialog box. The branch connection isinsertedintheline.Youcanthencontinuedrawingapipeline.Incaseofreducingtee,weldolet, socolet, nipolet, threadolet and stubin you are asked to select the size ofbranchpipethroughdialoguebox.Onlyvalidsizesareofferedforselectionofreducingteesandyouhavetopickapointwherethesizeiswritten.Forstubin,selectthepipeline(osnapnearestalreadyset).Aweldisputonpipe,andyoucandrawthebranchingline.Elbows : You can draw 90 degree or 45 degree Butt Weld elbows, as arcs or as twolines.youcanalsodrawsocketweldorscrewedelbows.Also,youcanputadonuttoindicatemitercut.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.Iconsappearonscreenshowingthetypeofdrawingitwilldraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclicking.Forinsertinganelbow,selectthetwopipelinesneartheend(osnapendisalreadyset).Theelbowisinsertedinthejunctionoftwolines.Ifyouareusingarcoption,apointwillbeputatthe intersection of the two pipe lines, which can be picked as node duringdimensioning.Incaseofmitercut,itaskstoselectthepipelineanditputsaweldattheendoftheline.Reducer:Youcandrawaconcentricreducer,eccentricreducerflatsideup,eccentricreducerflatsidedownorswage.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.DialogueBoxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdrawingitwilldraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclicking, and select the point on the pipe line where larger end of reducer will beinserted (osnap nearest is already set), and then a point on pipe towards the side ofsmaller end of reducer. You are prompted for size of pipe on other side of reducerthrough a dialogue box. Only valid sizes are available. You are then asked to select apoint where text will be written. Program calculates offset distance and writes it onreducerincaseofeccentricreducersonly.Inallcases,itwritessizeandtypeofreduceratthetextinsertionpoint.Thereducerisinsertedintheline.Analertmessagetellsyouto erase lines on other side and draw a new pipe lines with proper size. In case youselectlineangleas90degreeor270degreeforeccentricreducer,programendsactionalertingthatitcan'tbeusedinverticallines.Strainers : This offers 4 options. Y type Strainer with Slipon Flanges or YStrainerwithWeldNeckFlanges,BuckettypeStrainerwithSliponFlanges,orBucketStrainerwithWeldNeckFlanges.Selectthepipeline,andthestrainerwithflangesandgasketisdrawnintheline.Couplings : You can draw full and half coupling, with buttweld or threaded end,hexagonalcoupling,victoliccouplingandhosecoupling.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.DialogueBoxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdrawingitwilldraw.Selecttheone required, by doubleclicking and then the pipe line. In first four cases, you arepromptedforsizeofcouplingthroughadialoguebox.Youhavetothenselect,throughdialog box, the angle of side branch. It draws coupling and you can continue drawingpipe line. It writes size near the fitting. In case of hexagonal coupling, select the pipeline, and then size of coupling from the dialog box. The hexagonal coupling is put inthepipeline.Itwritessizenearthefitting.Incaseofvictoliccoupling,selectthepipelineandthecouplingisputinthepipeline.Incaseofhosecoupling,youareaskedforlocationofinsertionandthenangleofhosecoupling,anditdrawsahosecoupling.Union :With this you can draw a union. Select the option by clickingit,andthen the pipe line. The union is inserted in the line. You are asked whether it is buttweldedorthreaded,todrawtheappropriateone.Hose:Withthisyoucandrawinlinehosewhichislikeabellowinaline,orflexiblehose.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.Dialogueboxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdrawingitwilldraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclicking,andthenthepipeline for hose and from dialog box, pickup the angle of inline hose, or flexible hose.The inline hose is inserted in the pipe line and flexible hose is inserted at the pointselected.Trap : With this we can draw a trap. We select the option by clicking it andthepipeline.Thetrapisinsertedintheline.FlipFitting:Withthiswecanflipanyfittinginthepipeline.BILL OF MATERIAL (BOM): With this we can write BOM and edit it. There arethirteenoptions:Table with Dummy Entries : Program asks for number of entries. Type in the lastnumberofBOMlist.Itthenasksforpipelinesize.Programdrawsatablewith5moreempty lines. It writes serial numbers, line size in all rows and ? entry in quantitycolumn. It writes desc in Description column. These are edited later, using ddeditcommand.AutomaticBillofMaterials:Itsearchesfornumberofentitiesandwritesinatable.Onlytable:Youcandrawablanktable.Adialogboxappears,andasksfornumberofentries.Itdrawsablanktablewiththosemanyentries.Edit Description : With this option you can change text in description column byselection of piping item from pull down menu. Program asks to select text to modifyandthenyoucanchoosetextfromdialogueboxes.Textiswritteninplaceofdesc.Youcanchangeoradddescriptionbyeditingiso10.lspinnotepad.YoucaneditdescriptionofValvesasperclass150#/300#/600#/800#PipesFittings:Elbows,tee,reducer,Olets,coupling,union,plugorcapFlangesasperASorASMEGasketNutBoltsWhen you click on the option program will ask you to select text. You can selectmultiple texts. A dialog box will open and allow you to select from multiple options.The selected text will be inserted in the place of text from the drawing that wasselected.EdittextbyClass(spec):Selectproperspecfrompulldownmenu,andthenprogramaskstoselecttexttomodifyfromtheBOMtable.Pickuptexttomodifyandyoucanreplaceitbytypingatextorbypickingcorrespondingoneindialogbox.Youcanalsouseshortcommandsasdisplayedincommandprompt.Stud bolt Size : You can change the size of stud bolt in BOM table in two ways,Diameterininchesandlengthinmmordiameterinmmandlengthinmm.Selectthestandard and class of flanges (ANSI or BS) and proper option from pull down menu.Then select the diameter of flange from dialog box and give number of sets of studbolts.Programcalculatesnumberofboltsrequiredforthosemanysetsandasktoselecttexttoreplacethesizeandthenquantityofstudbolts.NutboltSize : You can change the size of Machine bolt in BOM table in two ways,Diameter in inches and length in mm or diameter in mm and length in mm. Furtherselectthestandardandclassofflanges(ANSIorBS)andproperoptionfrompulldownmenu. Then select the diameter of flange from dialog box and give number of sets ofnut bolts. Program calculates number of bolts required for those many sets and ask toselecttexttoreplacethesizeandthenquantityofnutbolts.ChangeNumberBy:Incasethereisanychangeintagnumbers,wecanchangethenumbersfrom5to5.ChangeTextStyleto:WiththiswecanchangethestyleoftexttoeitherRomansorIso3098B.ObliqueTextto:Withthiswecanobliquethetextsoastofititsrotationangle.TextHeight:Wecanchangetextheightofthetextyouselectto2,2.5and3mm.Move Bill Of Material : We leave a gap of one row after valves, pipes, fittings,flanges, gaskets and stud bolts. It can be done by this option. We select text to moveanditwillmoveitbyonecolumndown.FindandReplace:Ifthereisanyadditionintags,thenumbermaygoup.TochangethesenumbersintagsandBillofMaterialTable,weusethisoption.Thetextthatwillbechangedisshownonscreen.Wechangethenumbersinreverseorder.EraseBOM/Tags:Ifweusethisoption,allthetagsandBOMTablewithallentrieswillbeerased.DIMENSIONS:Dimensionshavegotsixoptions.DimensionsforVerticalLines:Withthisyoucanwritedimensions,infourinclineddirections,foraverticalline.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.Dialogueboxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdimensionitwilldraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclicking,andthetwoendpoints,orpressentertoselecttheline,andindicatelocationof dimension text, and enter dimension text. The dimension is written on the line. Incase of continued dimension, select last point option at location of dimension. (Justpressenterwhenaskedtoindicatelocationofdimensiontext).Dimensions for Inclined Lines : With this you can write dimensions, for inclinedlines.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.Dialogueboxappearsonscreenshowingthetypeofdimensionitwilldraw.Selecttheonerequired,bydoubleclicking,andthetwoendpoints, or press enter to select the line, and indicate location of dimension text, andenter dimension text. The dimension is written on the line. In case of continueddimension, select last point option at location of dimension. (Just press enter whenaskedtoindicatelocationofdimensiontext).IsodimSymbols:Withthisoptionyoucandrawacolumnreferenceaswellaswritetextsas(+150),(HOLD),(REF),(TYP)belowanexistingdimensiontext.Forthiswepickup option from dialogue box and then a dimension text. It is written below thedimensiontext.youcanalsowriteClElwithalinefromendpointofanelbow.DimTextHeight : You can change text height of all the dimensions to 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5and3mm.GasketSign:Youcanputthegasketsignindimension,usingthis.Pickupend point of valve (osnap end already set), and pickup inclination angle from dialogbox.TAGS:Withthisyoucandrawspoolnos.,bubble,instrumenttagandtagforgaskets/nutbolts.Selecttheoptionbyclickingit.Dialogueboxappearsonscreenshowingthetype of drawing it will draw. Select the one required, by doubleclicking. In case ofspoolno,enterthespoolnoastextandthenpickapointwhereitshouldappear.Thenselectpipelineorfitting(osnapnearestisalreadyset),andthenselectsecondpointonspooltagtodrawalineindicatingthespool.Incaseofbubble,selectpipelineorfitting(osnapnearestisalreadyset),andthenselectsecondpointwherethetagnowillbewritten.Atagnoisdisplayed.Youcanacceptitbypressingenterortypeanewnumberandpressenter.In case of instrument no., select instrument valve, or fitting (osnap nearest is alreadyset), and then select second point where the tag no will be written. Fill in dialog boxtextforfittingtypeandnumber.Fittingtagappears.Incaseofcircle,selecttheearliercircleatthetoppoint(osnapnearestisalreadyset),Atagnowillbedisplayed.Youcanacceptitbypressingenterortypeanewnumber.HATCH: With this you can draw vertical or horizontal hatch patterns in 5 differentwaysbyselectingthreepipelines.Infirst2casesyoucandohorizontalhatchingin2different ways. With third you can do vertical hatching. When you select a pipe line,programasksfordimensionofthispipeline.Itrepearsforothertwopipelines.Itthenrunszoomwindowcommandandaskyoutoselectwindowtozoomtheareawheretowriteangle.Afteryouwriteangle,itwillzoomtopreviousview.With fourth and fifth option, you can draw vertical or horizontal hatch patterns byselectingthreepipelines.Afteryouselecteachpipeline,programasksforthelengthtobewrittenastext.Afterhatchisdrawn,programwriteslengthofthethreelines.Itthenrunszoomwindowcommandandasktoselectwindowtozoomtheareawheretowriteangle.Afteryouwriteangle,itwillzoomtopreviousview.WELD: With this you can draw welds or ends. Six options are available. Buttweldincluded in this drawing option will draw filled donut, Buttweld not included in thisdrawing option will draw hollow circle. Other options will draw socketweld end,screwed end, field weld, field fit weld. Select the option by clicking it. Dialogue Boxappears on screen showing the type of welds / ends it will draw. Select the onerequired,bydoubleclicking.Thenselectpipeline(osnapnearestisalreadyset),whereaweldorendisdrawninstantly.DATA:Itgivesdataoffollowingitems.Pipe:PipeODandHalfODinmm.Fittings:Lengthoffollowingfittings1. 90longradiusElbow2. 90shortradiusElbow3. 45Elbow4. EqualTee5. ReducingTee6. Reducer7. Weldolet8. CapFlanges:Weights,lengths,diametersofSlipon/WeldNeckflangesforANSI150,300,600,900,1500and2500#flanges.WeselectFlangediameterandwegetalltheinformation.StudBolt:Numbers,lengths,diametersofstudboltsforSlipon/WeldNeckflangesforANSI150,300,600,900,1500and2500#flanges.WeselectFlangediameterandwegetalltheinformation.Valves:Flangetoflangedistanceforgate,globeandcheckvalvesof150,300and600#.WeselectFlangediameterandwegetalltheinformation.Distances:1. MinimumpipebetweenElbowandreducer.2. BetweenEndofReducertocenteroftee.3. BetweenEndofReducertocenterof90degreeElbow.4. Betweencenterofteetocenteroftee.5. Betweencenterofteetocenterof90degreeElbow.6. Betweencenterof90degreeElbowtocenterof90degreeElbow.7. Betweencenterof90degreeElbowtocenterof45degreeElbow.8. Betweencenterof45degreeElbowtocenterof45degreeElbow.CheckListforIsometricDrawings1. CheckwhetherP&IDnumberandGAdrawingnumberiscorrect.2. CheckLineNumberinTitleBlock.3. CheckwhetherdirectionofflowandotherdetailsareasperP&ID.4. Check details of vents and drains, dimensions of vent from high point / drainfromBOPorlowpoint.5. Fieldweldshouldbeprovidedforevery12metersofpipeline.6. If some exact dimension is not known, like FOF of pump or length of valve,provide a field fit weld weld. Add 150 mm to the length of pipe line in BOMtableandindicate(+150)belowtagofdimension.7. Ifstraightlengthofpipeexceeds4meters,provideafieldfitweldandindicate(+150)belowtagofdimension.8. Checksizesofallfittingsasperstandard.Checkpropersymbolsforgate,globeandcheckvalves.9. Providetagnumberstoeverycutpipeandallfittings.Differenttypesoffittingsshouldhavedifferentnumbers.ThesetagnumbersshouldmatchwiththoseinBOMtable.Lengthsofpipesshouldbeexactcutlengths.10. Spool numbers to be given to all spools. The number is same as drawingnumberwithA,B,C,Detc.addedtoit.11. For instruments, show piping scope and instrument scope. For FE, showtappingsinproperdirections,size,lengthanddetail.Showspecchange,ifany.SizeforTGshouldbe200mmandforPIshouldbe40mm.12. Iflineiscontinuinginotherdrawing,(C.O.D.),indicateisonumberofthatpipeline,orwritefieldrunforsmallpipelines.13. Referenceelevationshouldbeindicatedatleastatonepoint.14. Propersymbolforbuttweld,socketweldandscrewedconnection.15. Ifanisohasmorethanoneline,thenumberofmainlineshouldbewrittenintitleblock,andnumbersofotherlinesunderThisDrawingIncludes:16. Match line for split drawings and dotted lines for pipe lines from otherdrawings.17. Hatching for angular details, horizontal hatch for horizontal turn and verticalhatch for verticle turn. Indicate angle of turn. Dimensions should be providedforthreesides.ClElforthreelines.18. Special fittings should be marked properly with a tag number and tag shouldreflectinBOMtable.19. Tag number of valve should be written below the valve and should reflect inBOMtable.20. Checkfittingsasperspecandbranchingtable.21. Indicatesignofgasketforvalvesindimension.22. Indicatenozzlenumberforequipments.23. Ifmatingflangeofapumpissuppliedbypumpvendor,indicateitondrawing.24. Ifanendofpipelineisopen,indicateitondrawing.25. Showspecbreak,ifany.26. Showclouldforhold.27. Showinsulationforinsulatedpipelines.28. ShowspecialspecslikerubberlinedorSS,3Dbendsorpartinsulation.29. Forreducingteeandreducers,indicatesizeandtypeasperspecandbranchingtable.30. Forolets,indicateNBofbranch.31. Checkobliquingangleforalltextsanddimensions.32. Provideweldnumbersindirectionofflow.33. InBOMtable,entitiesshouldbeinorder.Pipes,Valves,Fittings,GasketsandStudbolts.Alineshouldbeleftblankbetweenthesegroups.34. Checkcrossreferenceddrawingsandcheckdetailsintitleblock.ToseedrawingscreatedbythisprogramClickTrialprogramsarefullscaleprogramswithoutoptiontoinsertValves.toRequestTrialProgram.CrossCountryPiping PandIDProgram