PIPELINESPIPELINES

greatleadershipbydan.com

Only unidirectional mode of transportation – no backhaul

Transport roughly 57.5% of total intercity ton-miles

26.5% of total domestic ton-miles

Employ roughly 150,000 people

Oil Carriers Natural Gas Carriers

acvoters.org

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTTJeTaYDyc

westshorepipeline.com

Commodities Hauled Oil & Oil Products

66% of all pipeline use Average haul of 800 miles

Natural Gas Coal

Slurry Lines Chemicals

lacoastpost.com

Relative Advantages Low rates Excellent loss & damage record Dependability

Relative Disadvantages Slow speed Highly inflexible Limited type of freight Small shipment sizes unavailable

Tenders – minimum shipment sizes ranging from 500 barrels to 10,000

irwachapter12.org

Gathering Lines 8” diameter Frequently laid on the surface Temporary in nature

Trunk Lines 30-50” diameter Typically underground Permanent in nature

Tank Farms Finished product storage prior to shipment

Batching Pig Rubber ball used to separate different grades of oil

pigsunlimited.com

Approximately 30% of costs are variable Remainder are fixed

Must provide own rights-of-way Must construct pipeline & pumping stations High preventative maintenance Highly automated

en.wikipedia.org