pilot3i collisionaware. features ads-b in receiver p3i transmitter/receiver –transmitter range in...
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Pilot3iCollisionAware
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Features
• ADS-B in Receiver
• P3I Transmitter/Receiver– Transmitter range in free space Approx 25Km
• RS232 GPS NMEA (ADS-B out)
• Bridge Connect WiFi– WiFi enabled 3rd Party devices
• Bridge Connect RS232– Hardwired 3rd Party devices
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3rd Party Interfaces
• WiFi Connected Devices– SkyDemon– RunwayHD (TBD)
• Hardwire Connected Devices– XC-Soar
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P3I: Block Diagram
HostSystem
ADS-BRX
P3IRX
P3ITX
1090Mhz
868Mhz
WiFi
RS232NMEA out
RS232traffic
2.4Ghz
Transponder
Device
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P3i: Hardware
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P3I: 3rd Party Interface (skydemon)
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P3I: 3rd Party Interface (xcsoar)
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P3i: Software Requirements
• Apple IOS : OEM API Library– Integration into 3rd Party, consistent with the
OpenP3iProtocol– Allow overlays onto 3rd Party software
• Surrounding Aircraft– Position (Latitude/Longitude)
– Speed
– Altitude
– Track
– Extended info
» Pilot name,
» Flight plan (current/next leg)
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocol24 bytePacket
syncicaolongitudelatitudealtitudetrackmsdknotsaircraftcrc
Byte 0
Byte 23
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolsync
24 bytePacket
The sync character is a single characterIdentifier, indicating the start of a 24 bytePacket of data. The chosen character is ‘$’, this conforms with the GPS NMEAStandard for a ‘$’ meaning start of line, eg
$GPGGA …
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolicao
24 bytePacket
The icao field is a 24bit value which is usedAs a unique identifier over the air, this canBe the same value used for the transponderOr a pseudo random identifier, an exampleOf an icao would be 0x40526F
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocol longitude/latitude
24 bytePacket
The longitude and latitude values are encodedAs decimal degrees, encoded into a 32-bit Floating point number, as specified by IEEE-754 single precisionBit[31] - SignBit[30:23] - ExponentBit[22:0] - Mantissa
Note: 64-bit double number representation would be more accurate,But in reality the inaccuracy due to a 32-bit representation, is soSmall it is not worth consideration.
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolaltitude
24 bytePacket
The altitude value is encoded in metresAbove Mean Sea Level (amsl), this is representedAs an unsigned 16 bit value. There is noRequirement for a signed value, aircraft rarely goUnderwater in normal operation!Although the packet representation is in metres, theDisplayed value is likely to be feet, giving the Following vertical rangerange: 0ft - 215,000ft (AMSL)
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocoltrack
24 bytePacket
The track indicates the aircrafts track vectorIn degrees Relative to true north. Encoded as an unsigned 16 bit value, this represents therequired track of 0 – 359
Note: This is a little bit of overkill as the data can represent O – 65535, it may be worthwhile breaking this down into aSmaller structure ofBit[15:9] - reserved (7 bits)Bit[8:0] - track (0-511) (9 bits)
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolmsd (message sequence data)
24 bytePacket
msd
seqbyte0byte1byte2
This is a much more complicated structure than the previous fields. This provides the ability to split a large piece of data overMany packets of information. The seq(uence) indicator, provides an index into an array of data for the subsequent bytes 0-2.The sequence has a range of 0-255, meaning upto 768 bytes ofData can be transferred over consecutive packets
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolmsd (message sequence data)
So what could we use an additional 768 bytes to transfer ?Firstly bear in mind that a full packet of 768 bytes would take a long time to transmit, so this upper limit may be unrealisticThe normal packet transmit time is 2 seconds, so for 3 bytes / second a full message of 768 byte length would take nearly 9 minutes!
But a defined structure could be filled in much more quicklyEg:Route start: latX2, lngY1Point+1: latX1, lngY2Point+2: latX1, lngY2
This is effectively 24 bytes info, which would be split across 8 packets (24/3), and would therefore take 16 seconds to be reconstructed. But this information does not change and would provide the receiver with information about the pilots intended route. This kind of information is automatically available in skydemon, airnav pro and other tools
Note: what is useful in the extended information ?
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolknots
24 bytePacket
The knots field indicates the ground speed of the Aircraft in knots. As an unsigned 16 bit value, thisGives a range of 0 – 65535 knots
Note: This is a little bit of overkill as the data can represent O – 65535, it may be worthwhile breaking this down into aSmaller structure ofBit[15:11] - reserved (6 bits)Bit[9:0] - track (0-1023) (10 bits)
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolaircraft
24 bytePacket
This field indicates the aircraft type, and has a Range of 0-255, which means we could represent 256 types of aircraft.Groundstation, microlight(flex), microlight(3-axis),Helicopter, paramoter, glider, motor-glider, balloon,Parachute, drone, model aircraft ….Note: is there a list of types of aircraft we could encode?
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolcrc
24 bytePacket
This is a simple cyclic redundancy checkerUsed on the packet data from 0:22 bytesIf the CRC generated locally agrees with theCRC at the end of the packet, the packetIs deemed to be valid, else it is discarded
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocolThe plan is for every plane to transmit a single packet of information at about2 second intervals. This is at a data rate of 38.4kb/sThe greater the data rate, the less likely interference, but receiver sensitivity is Likely reduced, consider the over the air bandwidth as a series of trains
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P3i: OpenP3iProtocol38400 baud
38400baud = 1bit/26uS24 bytes = 192 bits = 5ms2 second repeat = 2.5% of the bandwidth
2 seconds
This makes the data less likely to corruption
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Competitive Analysis• ADSB
– Expensive ?– Cost prohibitive– Limited data Routeplan, Extended Information ?
• FLARM– Expensive (for what you get)– Poor range– Targetted at gliders only ?– Limited data Routeplan, Extended Information ?– Bespoke (expensive) hardware – no modern standard interfaces, uses
RS232, data rate 19.2kb/s too high for Bluetooth Low Energy best case 6kb/s, and very expensive to use Bluetooth Classic (Apple MFI program)
– No support for standard platforms• Iphone• Ipad• android