pilot - the first offshore steam flood in · pdf filethe first offshore steam flood in europe...

STEAMPRODUCT ION COMPANY LTD

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THE FIRST OFFSHORE STEAM FLOOD IN EUROPE

DEVEX 2015

May 20th - 21st

PILOT


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Steam flooding technology

Why not offshore?

Pilot Field

MER:UK

ClairSchiehallion

BuzzardBressay

RosebankMarinerBentley

LancasterKraken

PilotGolden Eagle et al

Cambo et alForties

ETAPCatcher et al

MonArbWytch Farm

Perth et alAlba

DarwinMagnus

Cheviot et alFoinaven

Captain

Remaining Reserves , mmbbls

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Total reserves on the chart ≈ 4.2 billion bbls


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LSTEAM ENABLED PRODUCTION

Nearly 2 million bbls per day of steam enabled production around the world

Chevron, Oxy and Shell are the leaders in steam flood

Exxonmobil (Imperial) and PDVSA are the top companies in cyclic steam stimulation

Cenovus, Suncor, CNRL, Lukoil, Devon, CNOOC (Nexen), Husky and MEG are the pioneers of SAGD

Shell and Wintershall are steam flooding the Schoonebeek/Emlichheim field on the Dutch/German border in Europe’s biggest steam flood

ChevronPDVSA

CenovusExxonmobil

SuncorOccidental

CNRLShell

LukoilDevon

CNOOCSAGD Indies

Int'l IndiesHusky

MEGConocoPhilips

CNPCUS Indies

thousand bbls/day

0 100 200 300 400

2013 production data from Oil & Gas Journal 2014 EOR review, except Canada (Alberta Energy Regulator & company data) and Middle East (project specific estimates)

8© 2006 Chevron Corporation

50 Years of Thermal Experience at WorkKern River Field, California

Kern River Field, California

! Steamflood

! 87,000 BOPD

! 230,000 BSPD

! 9,000 wells

! Recovery will approach 80%

Production(BOPD)

020,00040,00060,00080,000100,000120,000140,000160,000

1895 1905 1915 1925 1935 1945 1955 1965 1975 1985 1995

Steamflood

Primary

Fielddiscovered Primary

productionBottom hole

heaters

Steamflood

Cogen

KERN RIVERChevron Corporation

4

7© 2006 Chevron Corporation

Why Steamflood?

! Increases reserves bya factor of 2 – 10 timescompared to primary heavyoil recovery.

! Production is bothincremental and accelerated

50 - 80%Steam Flood

5 - 15%Primary

Heavy OilRecoveryMechanism

- Post - SteamPre-Steam

OilSaturationAverages55%

OilSaturationAverages

8%

Typical oil saturated corein Duri Field, Indonesia

RECOVERY FACTOR POTENTIALChevron Corporation

5

OIL VISCOSITYAs a function of API gravity and temperature

1

10

100

1000

10000

Reservoir Temperature ºF

50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375

25º API 20º API 15º API 10º API

Harding, 74%

Pilot, 13%

6

Alba 50%

Captain 37% Mariner (Maureen)

Mariner (Heimdal)Bressay

Kraken

Bentley

Viscosity correlation derived from the Excel Macro PVTProps.xla based upon the Petroleum Fluids Pack developed by Hewlett Packard for use in their HP-41 series programmable hand-held calculators. GOR = 100 scf/bbl, Pressure = 1500 psi, bubble point = 1500 psi

Reservoir viscosity, centipoise

OIL VISCOSITYAs a function of API gravity and temperature

1

10

100

1000

10000

Reservoir Temperature ºF

50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375

25º API 20º API 15º API 10º API

Harding, 74%Pilot Steam Flood Potential c. 60% RF

6

Alba 50%

Captain 37% Mariner (Maureen)

Mariner (Heimdal)Bressay

Kraken

Bentley

Viscosity correlation derived from the Excel Macro PVTProps.xla based upon the Petroleum Fluids Pack developed by Hewlett Packard for use in their HP-41 series programmable hand-held calculators. GOR = 100 scf/bbl, Pressure = 1500 psi, bubble point = 1500 psi

Reservoir viscosity, centipoise

STEAM FLOODING IS THE “PRIME” WAY TO PRODUCE HEAVY OIL…


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>0.08

STEAM FLOOD SCREENING

18. Hayes, H.J. et al. 1984. Enhanced Oil Recovery. Washington, DC: National Petroleum Council, Industry and Advisory to the U.S. Department of the Interior. 19. Iyoho, A.W. 1978. Selecting Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes. World Oil (November): 61. 20. Ali, S.M.F. 1974. Current Status of Steam Injection As a Heavy Oil Recovery Method. J Can Pet Technol 13 (1). PETSOC-74-01-06. 21. Venkatesh, E.S., Venkatesh, V.E., and Menzie, D.E. 1998. PDS Data Base Aids Selection of EOR Method. Oil & Gas J. 82 (23): 63-66. 22. Chu, C. 1985. State-of-the-Art Review of Steamflood Field Projects. J Pet Technol 37 (10): 1887-1902. SPE-11733-PA. 23. Donaldson, A.B. and Donaldson, J.E. 1997. Dimensional Analysis of the Criteria for Steam Injection. Presented at the SPE Western Regional Meeting, Long Beach, California, 25-27

June 1997. SPE-38303-MS.

2700’ 30’-75’ 0.34 0.82 0.28

13º - 21º 3,500

100 – 1900 >84

1228 ≡ 5

Pilot

From The Petroleum Engineering Handbook

WHY DEPTH MATTERS?

9


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LDEEPER STEAMFLOODS IMPLY HIGHER TEMPERATURES…

Stea

m Te

mpe

ratu

re ºC

0

100

200

300

400

Reservoir Depth, feet

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

Superheated Steam at 2,500 KJ/kg

100ºC 200ºC 300ºC 400ºC

100ºC 200ºC 300ºC 400ºC

20% 40% 60% 80%

1,000

100

10

1

0.1

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,0000

Pres

sure

, bar

Enthalpy, KJ/Kg

Water Steam

Supercritical Steam

…AND LESS LATENT HEAT


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Why not offshore?

Pilot Field

MER:UK


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LOFFSHORE STEAM“We did not investigate steamflooding because North Sea reservoirs are too deep and above the pressure limits for successful application.” Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas at Austin; EOR Field Data Literature Search, Prepared for: Danish Energy Agency & Mærsk Olie og Gas AS, 2008

“No, too much heat loss in riser to ocean water”, National Petroleum Council, Global Oil & Gas Study, Topic Paper #22 Heavy Oil; Table IV.4b. page 13, 2007

“Potential for heated injection fluid processes are limited in cold or deep water by heat losses in transit.… Even with equipment advances such as vacuum-insulated tubulars, heat losses above the mudline could be unacceptably large.” Technical Challenges for Offshore Heavy Oil Field Developments, OTC 15281, 2003

“The problems of providing reasonable steam quality at the Pilot reservoir depth and pressure are significant. The offshore environment and potential for wet trees make the problem nearly insurmountable. [Unnamed consultancy] advise not to consider steam injection. ”, Previous Pilot EOR screening study, Unnamed consultancy, 2003


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LWELLBORE HEAT LOSS

Initial steam quality of 80%

At 500 bpd cwe steam quality is reduced to 23.3% at 4,000’

At 1,000 bpd cwe steam quality is reduced to 51.5% at 4,000’

Steam condensed is 285 bpd in each case

So, at 10,000 bpd cwe steam quality would reduce by about 3%

Data for 500, and 1,000 bcwe/day cases, New Advances and a Historical Review of Insulated Steam Injection Tubing - SPE-113981, 4,000’ data point calculated by extrapolation

Stea

m Q

ualit

y

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Depth feet

1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

500 bcwe/day 1,000 bcwe/day10,000 bcwe/day


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LWHAT’S THE REAL PROBLEM?

Few candidates Limited number of candidates that meet the screening criteria

Pilot is one of only a few in the North Sea

Well densities Onshore projects have typically been at 2.5 to 10 acre spacings

Long (1,000m plus) horizontal wells at 100m to 150m spacings have solved this problem


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Why not offshore?

Pilot Field

MER:UK


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LWELL & SEISMIC DATABASEThe reservoir description is well understood and all the well and seismic data needed has been gathered

The block is fully covered by the Western Geco Quad 21 3D survey which was reprocessed in 2009 and a new survey by Fugro which completed processing in 2013

WELL FIELD AREA TEST RATE (BOPD)

FLUID COLUMNS

API GRAVITY OIL VISCOSITY

(CP)21/27-1A Harbour 920 Gas 20 ft

Oil 29ft Water

17.0 98

21/27-2 Pilot Main 110 Oil 62ft Water

16.8 159

21/27-3 Pilot Main - Oil 7ft - -

21/27-4 Pilot South - Oil 11ft Water

- -

21/27a-5/5X Pilot Main 2,000 horiz. well

Gas 19 ft Oil 29ft Water

12.8 - 13.4 600 - 1870

21/27a-6 Pilot Main - - 15.5 420

2500

2450

2550

26002650

2700

2650

2600

2700

2750

2700

2750

2800

2800

2850

29002950

3000 30502800

2850

29002950 3000

3050

3100 3150

3100

3150

1

"

1

1

1

M

M

M

k

4

1

1A2

3

5

5Z

5X

6

Pilot Main

Pilot South

Harbour

0 2 4 61 3kilometers

5

Top Tay Sandstone, Block 21/27a

OWC & field outline GOC

17.0º API98 cP

16.8º API159 cP

21º API

13º API600 -1,870 cP

15.5º API420 cP

230 MMBBLS

9 MMBBLS

33 MMBBLS


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LPOTENTIAL WELL PATTERN

Target the area with greater than 30’ of net pay

Alternating producers and injectors, 100m apart (potential to increase spacing)

Wells between 1000m to 1800m long

Inflow control devices to achieve conformance control

42 alternating producers and injectors0 1,000

meters2,000

Pilot Main – Hydrocarbon Pore Volume

Producers

Injectors


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LINITIAL SECTOR MODELLING

Top Tay Hydrocarbon Pore Volume

1870 cP

420 cP

159 cP

1870 cP


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6

bbls/

day

Year

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6

bbls/

day

Year

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6

bbls/

day

Year

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6

bbls/

day

Year

INITIAL SECTOR MODELLING

Well #2159 cP

71% RF

Well #6420 cP

64% RF

Well #5x1870 cP52% RF

Well #51870 cP66% RF

WaterOil Steam Cumulative SOR Transient SOR


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LCONFORMANCE CONTROL

Injector

Producer

Horizontal slice of sector model located at 5x well location


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LCONFORMANCE CONTROL

Autonomous Inflow Control Valves (AICV®)

Valve has two flow pathways, one always open (1%-5% of combined flow) one open or closed (95%-99%)

Status of main flow pathway depends on pressure drop in pilot flow pathway ∴

Valve can shut off low viscosity fluids (e.g. steam, gas or water)

Installed in each joint of sand screen with swellable packers at every fifth joint or so

SPE 171141 5

Figure 4b: A drawing of the AICV® in closed position.

Figure 5 shows the AICV® mounted in the screen. The valves are mounted along the pipeline with a distance of about 40 feet and multiple (1-8) valves can be mounted in each isolated zone.

Figure 5: AICV® mounted in the screen. Experimental test results with gas, oil and water.

AICVs are constructed with different strength. Figure 6 shows the performance curves for 1 bar, 2 bar, 3 bar and 4 bar AICVs respectively. The strength of the AICV® describes the pressure drop over the valve for 1 m3/h of oil flow rate.

Illustrated valve is available in a high temperature version from Inflow Control of Norway http://www.inflowcontrol.no


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LPILOT MAIN PRODUCTION

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

1Q 2

020

3Q 2

020

1Q 2

021

3Q 2

021

1Q 2

022

3Q 2

022

1Q 2

023

3Q 2

023

1Q 2

024

3Q 2

024

1Q 2

025

3Q 2

025

1Q 2

026

3Q 2

026

1Q 2

027

3Q 2

027

1Q 2

028

3Q 2

028

1Q 2

029

3Q 2

029

1Q 2

030

3Q 2

030

1Q 2

031

3Q 2

031

Water

Oil

Steam

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

1Q 2020

3Q 2020

1Q 2021

3Q 2021

1Q 2022

3Q 2022

1Q 2023

3Q 2023

1Q 2024

3Q 2024

1Q 2025

3Q 2025

1Q 2026

3Q 2026

1Q 2027

3Q 2027

1Q 2028

3Q 2028

1Q 2029

3Q 2029

1Q 2030

3Q 2030

1Q 2031

3Q 2031

Oil Rate by well

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

1Q 2020

3Q 2020

1Q 2021

3Q 2021

1Q 2022

3Q 2022

1Q 2023

3Q 2023

1Q 2024

3Q 2024

1Q 2025

3Q 2025

1Q 2026

3Q 2026

1Q 2027

3Q 2027

1Q 2028

3Q 2028

1Q 2029

3Q 2029

1Q 2030

3Q 2030

1Q 2031

3Q 2031

Steam Rate by well


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LPILOT – RESOURCES

FieldSTOOIP mmbbls

RFRecoverable

mmbbls

Pilot Main 230 58% 132

Pilot South 33 30% 10

Harbour 9 ~ ~

Total 272 142

2500

2450

2550

26002650

2700

2650

2600

2700

2750

2700

2750

2800

2800

2850

29002950

3000 30502800

2850

29002950 3000

3050

3100 3150

3100

3150

1

"

1

1

1

M

M

M

k

4

1

1A2

3

5

5Z

5X

6

Pilot Main

Pilot South

Harbour

0 2 4 61 3kilometers

5

Top Tay Sandstone, Block 21/27a

OWC & field outline GOC

* Recovery factors based upon sector modelling of Pilot Main steam flood. Pilot South and Harbour based upon an assumed recovery factor for water flood


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Why not offshore?

Pilot Field

MER:UK


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2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

7,000

1 10 100 1,000 10,000

Dept

h, fe

et

Reservoir Viscosity, cP

Producing Developments Discoveries

MER-UK: HEAVY OIL POTENTIAL

PilotSteam known to

be effective

Deep Steam Potential

Area of bubble is proportional to oil in place, not a complete inventory of all UKCS heavy oilfields

The steam prize:~ 2 billion bbls


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LTHE BIGGER PRIZE

The Pilot project can prove offshore steam and be a test bed for new equipment and technologies

Extending the applicable depth for steam flood could unlock almost 2 billion bbls of recoverable reserves in the UKCS

The Operator at the forefront of deep steam offshore will have a real competitive advantage both in the UKCS and internationally

21/27a

28/2a

21/27a

28/2a

L

1

"

11

1

MM

M

k

4

1

1A235

5Z5X

7M

7

6M

W

1M 8Z M4k

1kMM

13

11

52

9

10

k

M1B

W2M1

6

Bowhead

Ree

Gill

Carra

Pilot Channels

Tiberius

Bottlenose

Pilot Main

Pilot South

Pilot Southeast

Harbour

BlakeneyFyne

Crinan

Dandy

Elke

Narwhal

Feugh

Oil Discoveries Oil Prospects Gas ProspectsGas Discoveries

0 2 4 6 8 10kilometers

Enquest Enquest

MOL Enegi Antrim

Steam

CONTACTSemail: [email protected]

telephone: +44 (0) 20 3603 1941

website: http://www.steam-oil.com

address: 70 Claremont Road Surbiton

Surrey KT6 4RH

pilot - the first offshore steam flood in · pdf filethe first offshore steam flood in europe...

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