pil cases 131 and 132
TRANSCRIPT
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8/9/2019 Pil Cases 131 and 132
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KUWAIT VS. AMINOIL
66 ILR 518
Facts:
On 28 June 1948 His Highness Shi!h Ah"e# A$ J%i& $ S%h' Ru$e& () Ku*i+ )&("
1921 un+i$ 195,' g&n+e# A"e&i-n In#een#en+ Oi$ /("n0 A"in(i$' -(n-essi(n +( e$(i+
+he (i$ &ese&3es in +he +hen s(-$$e# Neu+&$ (ne %u))e& s+&i %e+*een Ku*i+ n# +he
King#(" () Su#i A&%i. The -(n-essi(n *s se-u&e# u(n n i""e#i+e #(*n 0"en+ %0
A"in(i$ () US 7625',,,. A"in(i$ +hen %egn #&i$$ing (e&+i(ns. M(&e i"(&+n+$0 +he
/(n-essi(n g&ee"en+ -(n+ine# s+%i$i+i(n -$use: *hi-h &(3i#e# +h+ The Shi!h sh$$
n(+ %0 gene&$ (& se-i$ $egis$+i(n (& %0 #"inis+&+i3e "esu&es (& %0 n0 (+he& -+ *h+e3e&
nnu$ +his Ag&ee"en+ e-e+ s &(3i#e# (& g&ee# in +he g&ee"en+:.
A"in(i$ h# s($e -(n+&($ (3e& +he ;un+i+ies () &(#u-+i(n n# +he &i-es + *hi-h
&(#u-+s *e&e s($#. The +e&"s () +he -(n-essi(n' %se# (n )ie# 0"en+ e& +(n g&n+e# in
&e+u&n )(& 6,0e& e-$usi3e &igh+ +( e$(i+ Ku*i+
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Issues:
1. Wh+ $* sh(u$# g(3e&n +he &%i+&+i(n &(-ee#ingsG
2. Whe+he& (& n(+ N+i(n$ Ee-&ee n(. 124 -(ns+i+u+e# %&e-h () -(n+&-+ (n +he &+ ()
Ku*i+i ?(3e&n"en+ in $igh+ () +he s+%i$i+i(n -$use -(n+ine# in si# -(n+&-+ n# in
3i($+i(n () +he -us+("&0 in+e&n+i(n$ $* () -+ sun+ se&3n# n# is +he&e)(&e n
un$*)u$ e&(&i+i(nG
Ruling of the Tribunal:
1. Whi$e +he &%i+&+i(n g&ee"en+ #i# n(+ -h((se n+i(n$ $* +( g(3e&n +he
&(-ee#ings' i+ ne3e&+he$ess u+h(&ie# +he +&i%un$ +( h3e )&ee#(" in #e+e&"ining
+he $i-%$e $* in --(n-e *i+h +he +&nsn+i(n$ -h&-+e& () +hei& &e$+i(ns
n# +he &in-i$es () $* n# &-+i-e &e3i$ing in +he "(#e&n *(&$#:. In s( #(ing +he
T&i%un$ &e)e&&e# )i&s+ +( +he $* () Ku*i+ s +he $* "(s+ #i&e-+$0 in3($3e# in
--(n-e *i+h +he +i+i(n$ &ese-+ #ue +( +he s++e &+0 +( s++e -(n+&-+'
su%Fe-+ +( +he &(3is( +h+ +his -(n-$usi(n #(es n(+ -&&0 n0 $$e"%&-ing
-(nse;uen-es *i+h i+ %e-use' s +he ?(3e&n"en+ h# s+&esse#' u%$i-
in+e&n+i(n$ $* )(&"e# -(ns+i+uen+ &+ () Ku*i+i $*.
2. N(. I+ is n(+. Ku*i+ *s "(&e su--ess)u$ *i+h i+s -(n+en+i(n +h+ -hnges in +he
($i+i-$ n# e-(n("i- $n#s-e h# +&ns)(&"e# +he n+u&e () +he -(n-essi(n. The
?(3e&n"en+ su%"i++e# +h+ +his *s n(+ -se () sue&3ening )un#"en+$
-hnge () -i&-u"s+n-es =&e%us si- s+nh%us>' %u+ &+he& &(-ess () -hnge%&(ugh+ %(u+ %0 "u+u$ g&ee"en+ (& -;uies-en-e. ?ene&$ -hnges in +he
&egi"e $i-%$e +( +he -(n-essi(n' &$$e$ing +he &()(un# n# gene&$
+&ns)(&"+i(n in +he +e&"s () (i$ -(n-essi(ns +h+ (--u&&e# in +he Mi##$es+ *e&e
in-(&(&+e# in+(. The T&i%un$ he$# +h+ +he /(n-essi(n h# %e-("e (3e& +i"e
-(n+&-+ g(3e&ne# %0 -hnge# &egi"e in *hi-h' s in "(s+ $eg$ s0s+e"s' +he
s++e *hi$e &e"ining %(un# +( &ese-+ +he -(n+&-+u$ e;ui$i%&iu"' enF(0s se-i$
#3n+ges in-$u#ing u$+i"+e$0' +he &igh+ +( +e&"in+e i+. The %$n-e () +he
/(n-essi(n h# -hnge#' s( +h+ in 19CC +he s+%i$i+i(n -$uses #i# n(+ &(hi%i+ n(n-(n)is-+(&0 +!e(3e& The T&i%un$ *s in)$uen-e# %0 UN ?ene&$ Asse"%$0
=?A> Res($u+i(n 18,D +h+ #e-$&e# +he in$ien%$e &igh+ () $$ S++es )&ee$0 +(
#is(se () +hei& n+u&$ *e$+h n# &es(u&-es in --(n-e *i+h +hei& n+i(n$
in+e&es+s ?A Res($u+i(n 18,D *s -(nsi#e&e# n --u&+e &e)$e-+i(n () -us+("&0
in+e&n+i(n$ $*. @esi#es +he T&i%un$ he$# +h+ A"in(i$ i"$ie#$0 -;uies-e# +( +he
e&(&i+i(n s e3i#en-e# %0 i+s $e++e& un#e&+!ing +( -+ s i) +he 19CD Ag&ee"en+
*s e))e-+i3e:. Jus+ -("ens+i(n is $s( +( %e i#.
Prepared by Jamalodin G. Gote
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8/9/2019 Pil Cases 131 and 132
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SAHIR INTRNATION TROLUMS LTE. Vs. N+i(n$ I&nin Oi$ /("n0
D5 ILR 1D6
Facts:
In 1958' +he N+i(n$ I&nin Oi$ /("n0 =NIO/> n# Shi&e e+&($eu"s L+#
=Shi&e>' /n#in -("n0' en+e&e# in+( -(n+&-+ +( en# +he &(#u-+i(n n#
e(&++i(n () I&nin (i$. The &+ies se+ u +he I&nin /n# Oi$ /("n0 =IR/AN> +( -&&0
(u+ +he +e&"s () +he -(n+&-+ (n %eh$) () +he &+ies.A&+i-$e D8 () +he -(n+&-+ e&esse# n
in+en+i(n +( -&&0 (u+ +he &(3isi(ns () +he -(n+&-+ --(ing +( +he &in-i$es () g((# )i+h
n# g((# *i$$' n# +( &ese-+ +he si&i+ s *e$$ s +he $e++e& () +he -(n+&-+.
The &+ies se+ u +he I&nin /n# Oi$ /("n0 =IR/AN>' F(in+ s+(-! -("n0
n# n(n&()i+ -(&(&+i(n:' +( -&&0 (u+ +he (e&+i(ns un#e& +he -(n+&-+ (n %eh$) () +he +*(
&+ies =*i+h &ese-+ +( &(se-+ing i+ *(u$# -+ s Shi&es gen+ (n$0>.
Shi&e In+e&n+i(n$' Shi&es su%si#i&0 +( *hi-h +he Shi&e ssigne# +he
-(n+&-+ sh(&+$0 )+e& i+s -(n-$usi(n' s+&+e# *(&!s in +he -(n-essi(n &e n# su%se;uen+$0
-$i"e# +he &ei"%u&se"en+ () i+ eenses +h&(ugh IR/AN' s g&ee# in +he -(n+&-+. H(*e3e&'
NIO/ &e)use# +( &ei"%u&se +he eenses &guing +h+ Shi&e In+e&n+i(n$ h# n(+ -(nsu$+e#
NIO/ %e)(&e -&&0ing (u+ i+s (e&+i(ns. As &esu$+' Shi&e In+e&n+i(n$ #i# n(+ s+&+ #&i$$ing
in +he -(n-essi(n &e s $nne#' n# NIO/ su%se;uen+$0 &eu#i+e# +he -(n+&-+ (n +he %sis
+h+ Shi&e In+e&n+i(n$ h# n(+ )u$)i$$e# i+s #&i$$ing (%$ig+i(ns. In +he su%se;uen+ "(n+hs'
Shi&e In+e&n+i(n$ s+&+e# *(&! in +he #esign+e# -(n-essi(n &e n# in M0 1959' sen+
+*( &e(&+s (n +he eenses in-u&&e# )&(" +he #+e () +he -(n+&-+ un+i$ D1 M&-h 1959. The
+(+$ "(un+ () +he eenses *s 7D,2'545.25. NIO/ &e)use# +( &e)un# +he eenses (n +he
%sis +h+ i+ h# n(+ %een -(nsu$+e# %e)(&e +he (e&+i(ns s &e;ui&e# %0 +he -(n+&-+.
In Ju$0 1959' Shi&e In+e&n+i(n$ sen+ $e++e& +( +he Shh () I&n &e;ues+ing &e)un#
() +hei& $(sses. On 5 Se+e"%e& 1959' +he &i"e Minis+e& () I&n &e$ie# +h+ Shi&e
In+e&n+i(n$ h# n(+ )u$)i$$e# i+s (%$ig+i(ns n# s &esu$+ NIO/ *e&e en+i+$e# +( &e)use +he
&e)un#. He &e)e&&e# Shi&e In+e&n+i(n$ +( NIO/ )(& +he se++$e"en+ () +he #isu+e.
In Se+e"%e& 196,' Shi&e ini+i+e# &%i+&+i(n &(-ee#ings u&sun+ +( +he -(n+&-+'
-$i"ing +he %&e-h () -(n+&-+ n# &e;ues+ing -("ens+i(n )(& eenses =in-u&&e# %e)(&e n#
)+e& +he -(n-$usi(n () +he -(n+&-+>' $(ss () &()i+ n# +he &e)un# +he US7D5,',,, in#e"ni+0'
&(3i#e# %0 Shi&e s gu&n+ee + +he +i"e () +he -(n+&-+ -(n-$usi(n' $+e& -she# %0
NIO/.
Prepared by Jamalodin G. Gote
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8/9/2019 Pil Cases 131 and 132
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Issues:
1. Wh+ $* sh(u$# g(3e&n +he &%i+&+i(n &(-ee#ingsG2. @sing (n +he )-+s n# -i&-u"s+n-es' *hi-h &+0 is en+i+$e# +( &e-ei3e #"ges
)(& %&e-h () -(n+&-+ %0 +he (+he& &+0G n# *h+ sh(u$# %e +he e+en+ () #"ges
+( %e *e#G
Ruling:
1. The &%i+&+(& he$# +h+ %se# (n +he in+en+i(n () +he &+ies n# e3i#en-e )(un# in
+he -(n+&-+' he *(u$# $0 gene&$ &in-i$es () $*. The &%i+&+(& $s( #e-$&e#
+h+ he *(u$# n(+ #e-i#e +he -ses --(ing +( e;ui+0' $i!e n "i%$e
-("(si+eu& %u+ *(u$# ins+e# #isen+ng$e +he &u$es () (si+i3e $*' -(""(n +(
-i3i$ise# n+i(ns' su-h s &e )(&"u$+e# in +hei& s++u+es (& &e gene&$$0 &e-(gnise#
in &-+i-e. He &es(n &es(ne# +h+ +he -h&-+e&is+i-s () +he -(n+&-+ *e&e su-h
+h+ +he0 e-$u#e# +he $i-+i(n () +he +i+i(n$ &u$es () &i3+e in+e&n+i(n$ $*
n# &e#u-e# +he $i!e$ih((# +h+ I&nin $* *(u$# %e $ie# +( +he in+e&&e++i(n n#
e&)(&"n-e () +he -(n+&-+ n# %sing (n +his' s )u&+he& &(3i#e# in +he -(n+&-+ n
in+en+i(n -(u$# %e #e#u-e# se-i)i-$$0 +h+ +he -$use &eFe-+e# +he e-$usi3e
$i-+i(n () I&nin $*.2. NIO/ *s +he &+0 in %&e-h () +he -(n+&-+ n# s su-h Shi&e is en+i+$e# +(
#"ges. The &%i+&+(& *s s+is)ie# +h+ +he $in+i)) h# )u$)i$$e# i+s (%$ig+i(ns
un#e& +he -(n+&-+ &eging +he &(se-+ing *(&!s + $es+ un+i$ Be%&u&0 196,.He $s( )(un# +h+ +he #e)en#n+ #e$i%e&+e$0 &e)use# +( -&&0 (u+ -e&+in () i+s
(%$ig+i(ns n# +h+ +his )i$u&e *s %&e-h () -(n+&-+' (& 3i($+i(n () +he &u$e
() in+e&n+i(n$ -us+("&0 $* () pacta sunt servanda ' +he %sis () e3e&0
-(n+&-+u$ &e$+i(nshi. The &%i+&+(& $s( (%se&3e# +h+ +he&e *s gene&$
&u$e () &i3+e $* +h+ si# +he )i$u&e () (ne &+0 +( s0n$$g"+i- -(n+&-+= In
(u& -i3i$ $* Fu&is#i-+i(n e;ui3$en+ +( %i$+e&$ -(n+&-+s> +( e&)(&" i+s (%$ig+i(ns
&e$eses +he (+he& &+0 )&(" i+s (%$ig+i(ns n# gi3es &ise +( &igh+ +( e-uni&0
-("ens+i(n in +he )(&" () #"ges. Wi+h &egs +( +he e+en+ () #"ges
&e-(3e&%$e %0 Shi&e' i+ *s he$#' in --(n-e *i+h +he &in-i$e () e
e;u( e+ %(n(' +h+ +he -("ens+i(n sh$$ in-$u#e +he $(ss su))e&e# =#"nu"
e"e&gens>' )(& e"$e +he eenses in-u&&e# in e&)(&"ing +he -(n+&-+' n#
+he &()i+ $(s+ =$u-&u" -essns>' )(& e"$e +he ne+ &()i+ *hi-h +he -(n+&-+
*(u$# h3e &(#u-e#. The &%i+&+(& $ie# +he gene&$ &u$e +h+ +he (%Fe-+ ()
#"ges is +( $-e +he &+0 +( *h(" +he0 &e *e# in +he s"e e-uni&0
(si+i(n +h+ +he0 *(u$# h3e %een in i) +he -(n+&-+ h# %een e&)(&"e# in +he
"nne& &(3i#e# )(& %0 +he &+ies + +he +i"e () i+s -(n-$usi(n.
Prepared by Jamalodin G. Gote