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TRANSCRIPT
Pigeonpea in News “”Hybrid pigeonpea technology
achieves record yield”” • THE TIMES OF INDIA, 31 January, 2014
• Link for this Pigeonpea Article
• http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hybrid-pigeonpea-technology-achieves-record-yield/articleshow/29558633.cms
FOUR DECADES
OF
PIGEONPEA BREEDING
RESEARCH
AT
ICRISAT
PP Vision as in 1974 • Enhance productivity and stability
• Bring global pp scientists together
• Develop scientific knowledge
of crop and cropping systems
• Identify implementation pathways
Special traits of pigeonpea
• Perennially
• Photo-sensitivity
• Partial out-crossing
• Wide maturity range
• Drought tolerance
• Fixes N, releases P, adds OM, recycles nutrients
Objectives set in 1974
• Characterize germplasm
• Breed pure line varieties- 28 x 28 diallel
• Explore hybrid tech. (gene action, cross pollination, hybrid vigor)
• Encounter biotic/abiotic stresses
• Develop global human resource
Accomplishments
• Germplasm characterized
• Scientific information generated
• Varieties released
• GMS hybrid breeding started
• Core inter- disciplinary research established
• Cleistogamous (O/C <1%) and
• Hi protein (32%) lines developed
Varieties released Champion varieties • Early : ICPL 88039 (YSC)
• Medium : Asha, Maruti,
• Long : ICP 7035
and many more in different countries
The Breakthrough
ICPH 8 The World’s First
Pigeonpea Hybrid Released
by ICAR & ICRISAT
in 1992
Information generated • Phenology changes with planting date
• Curvi-linear relationship - seed size and yield
• High G x E ….. {{strange obs V (F2) = V (P)}}
• Yield controlled by additive & non-additive genes
• Sink is limited; ratooning can be used
• Double cropping for more productivity
• GMS hybrids cannot be commercialized
• Out-crossing is enough for hybrid breeding
• Heterosis for yield is high
1996: The year of problems
• 80% staff removed
• No funding
PIGEONPEA
DROPPED
from
ICRISAT
MANDATE
1996: Also, year of a LUCKY BREAK • In one back-cross progeny, all the 11 plants (100%) were MS
• “Oh ! ……… , it is a CMS” Late (Dr) D. E Byth (Former DDG-R)
• A history was created – the first CMS in PP
was developed • PP retained in the mandate, but no funds
1996: Also, year of a LUCKY BREAK
• MAHYCO gave $ 8000
• The first ever PS funding in CG system ; and since then pigeonpea group never looked back
Phase II : Breeding CMS hybrids
• A4 CMS stabilized in 2005
• CMS transferred to diverse parents
• Experimental hybrids tested
• Seed technology developed
• Technology transferred to NARS
Hybrid Variety
At 60 d
Hybrid Advantages
More vigour and yield
44% greater shoot mass,
low seeding rates
40-50% more root mass,
drought tolerance
Good for pure crop,
inter-crop, low-input,
and high- input
environments.
ICPH 2671- Released in
Madhya Pradesh
ICPH 2740- Released in
Andhra Pradesh
ICPH 3762, 3310, etc.
Ready for release
THE BROWN GOLD
State Distt Farmers Mean yield
(kg/ ha)
Hybrid Check
%
Gain
Maha 7 782 969 717 35.1
A. P. 8 399 1411 907 55.6
Karnataka 4 184 1201 951 26.3
Jharkhand 9 288 1460 864 68.9
M. P. 10 360 1940 1326 46.3
Total 38 2013 1396 953 46.5
ICPH 2671 OFTs (2007-10)
Bumper crop of ICPH 2671
The first demo of HY in A.P.
10400 kg
from 3ha
@ 3467
kg/ha
Akola
Osmanabad
Osmanabad
Ranchi (OFT) Yld. Ad. = 69%)
ICPH 2671
Bahar - Ck
Location ICPH 2671*** Asha (C)
Jabalpur 2310* 1690
Narsinhpur 1950* 1500
Rewa 2870* 1660
Seoni 1525 1487
Raisen 2600* 1400
Harda 1165 1050
Panna 1160* 500
Mean 1940*** 1326
% Gain 46% -
Yield of ICPH 2671 in OFTs in MP
THE WORLD’S FIRST COMMERCIAL PIGEONPEA HYBRID
RELEASED IN
MADHYA PRADESH
by Dr Ashok Tikle & Dr Mukesh Saxena
in collaboration with ICRISAT
ICPH 2671
ICPH 2740
THE SECOND PIGEONPEA
HYBRID
RELEASED in
ANDHRA PRADESH in 2012
Distt No. of
farmers
Yield
hybrid
Yield
control Gain
%
Khammam 7 2084 1499 40
Medak 3 2375 1750 36
Rangareddy 10 2614 1852 42
Mahaboobnager 4 1513 1115 37
Prakasham 8 2375 1752 36
Cuddapa 10 1470 1036 41
Anantapur 5 1565 1072 46
Total/Mean 47 1999 1439 39
Yield (kg/ha) of ICPH 2740 in …. A P
State Hybrid Asha(C) %Gain
M. P. 1646 1194 37.9
Maha. 1643 1224 34.2
A. P.. 1063 650 63.5
Mean 1451 1023 41.8
Yield of ICPH 2740 in OFTs’
Hybrid Seed Production Hybrid Seed Production
Seed
Production & its
Quality the backbone
of any hybrid program
Hybrid Seed Prodn 4F:1M
A A A A R R
Insect-aided pod set on MS plants
Location Area (ha)
Production (kg)
Yield (kg ha-1)
Jabalpur 1.5 2000 1333 Indore 0.15 340 2267 Rewa 1.0 1740 1740 Katni 3.0 4350 1450 Seoni** 1.0 2500 2500 Tikmgrh**…. 5.0……… 15200…… 3040
Mean 11.65 26130 2242 *****
MP-The best state for seed prdn.
1 ha seed prodn is enough for 400 ha comm crop @
5 kg/ha seed rate [ 1: 400]
Obcordate
Normal
Leaf marker for quality seed prodn
Female Male & Hybrid
Use of SSR Markers
• Use of genomics in PPB is essential
• Can help in breeding specific traits
• Cannot solve all the issues
• Cannot help in breeding for adaptation
• Rationalization with respect to
---- selection of traits,
---- their role is essential
Genomics in PP Breeding
ICPH 2740 in Andhra Pradesh
ICPH 2740 jungle, Maharashtra
Can we achieve 100,000 ha in 2014 ?
Now, Dear Sameer, RV Kumar, Myer & Anupama
THE BATON is in your hands
– GET IT, FOR ME
Now, The Million $ Q is
We need - POSITIVE Thinking
• Positive thinking at Mgmt level is essential
• Some teething problems will
appear and these can be addressed
• The platform be based on training,
partnerships, and science
Looking ahead (hybrids)…….. • Free technology transfer
• Expand area
• Our target
-100,000 ha in 2014
- Private and public seed
sector
- Farmers and NGOs
Now we are ready for this
Looking ahead (hybrids)…….. • Expand 33% PP area in 5 years
• Breed new parents with market-
oriented traits
• Develop env- specific hybrids
• Breed hybrids for both low and
high inputs
• Target 7- tonner hybrids
• Improve seed technology
• Introduce hybrids in Africa
• Develop HETEROTIC GROUPS
• Breed improved inbreds thru intra-group mating
• Select lines with high GCA, SCA
• Make inter-group crosses for high yielding hybrids
• Accumulate favorable alleles thru Nested Assn Mapping , MAGIC, etc.
Breed New Gen (7-ton) Hybrids
Looking ahead (Other areas)
• Breed HY super early (85 d) var.
• Intensify research on water- logging
• Promote ICPL 88039 in new niches
• Incorporate cleisto trait in pop. var.
• Continue promoting PP in Odisha
• Strengthen seed system
• Strengthen links with ESA
• Priority for publication
Yes,
we will do it. See you at
2, IC colony, Bowenpally, Sec.
For assistance
CALL :: 9866265258
Kb Saxena, Jan 31, 2014
My Departing
Gift
to Science A new CMS that can revolutionize
hybrid breeding