pierre teillet vincent hecquet the eu essnet project on essnet on « profiling large and complex...
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![Page 1: Pierre TEILLET Vincent HECQUET The EU ESSnet project on ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs » State of the art / Crucial questions](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022083009/5697bfca1a28abf838ca946f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Pierre TEILLET
Vincent HECQUET
The EU ESSnet project on ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs »
State of the art / Crucial questions
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs »
› the context, approach, programme and actions slides 3 to 7
› the current state of operations slides 8 & 9
› about definitions of enterprises slides 10 to 13
› Proposals, questions and options slide 14 to 18
› examples slide 19
› next work slide 20
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs »
the context
The profiling necessity is:
› related to two EU 1993 regulations (Statistical Business registers; Statistical units)
› that did not allow “measuring the whole elephant” (Statistics Canada report to UNECE / CES 2005)
› and lead to a new BR regulation (2008), including as well MNEs as “enterprises” .
But we still have to “translate” the previous studies in operational processes.
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs »
the contextThe present project is:
› part of the MEETS programme(Modernisation of European Enterprise and Trade Statistics)
› designed to achieve a streamlined framework of business-related statistics
› as a part of the system of the EGR (Euro Groups Registers)
› in order to achieve coordinated and meaningful statistical unit structures for enterprise groups
› (with maximum use of existing knowledge (EU and non EU))
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs
the general approach
› objectives & results structured into 3 steps:
– 2009-2010: a positioning paper on feasibility of profiling; an input on statistical units for an eventual change of EU regulation
– 2010-2012: methodology, tools, guidelines …
– 2013 & on: full implementation of profiling inside EU
› throughout the project: testing, iterations and early results
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs
the work programme
› ESSnet, a new way for developing European Statistics:– a partnership of NSIs– cooperating to develop a common methodology– willing to disseminate the results to the whole European
Statistical System– with the strong support of Eurostat
› The « profiling » partnership:– 7 NSIs : CBS –NL, DESTATIS –DE, ISTAT –IT, ONS –GB,
SF –FI, OFS –CH , INSEE –FR coordinator
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs
the actions planned under the partnership
› WP A. To define the feasibility and the scope of ‘profiling’ large and complex MNEs.
› WP B. To develop a common conceptual framework, methodology, rules and standards for profiling
› WP C. To develop processes / workflows, tools,operational guidelines and quality control of profiling, organisational and financial models
› WP D. To test and implement 'profiling'
› WP E. To develop a model for sharing of 'profiles' (including legal framework)
› WP + To disseminate and train› WP M To manage the ESSnet
WP = working package; managed by a leading partner (LP), 1 to 3 working partners (WP), all others being reviewing partners (RP)
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
ESSnet on « profiling large and complex MNEs
current state of operations (1)
› Framework partnership agreement: signed in October 2009› Specific Annual Agreement: signed in December 2009› Kick-off meeting, 3 all-partners coordination meetings› 2 Workshops :
– London 13-14 Jan on feasibility - the “why” and the “who”
with the stress on stakeholder views– Amsterdam 24-25 Feb on Statistical Units
› An organised cooperation between Workpackage leaders with Trilateral meetings
› A planned 3rd workshop on “options” in June
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ESSnet & Insee (but personal views of the authors) Q2010 4-6 May 2010
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current state of operations (2)
› Consultation with stakeholders is still ongoing› When and if trade-off will be necessary, setting
priorities among their wishes could become unavoidable
› Current list of main stakeholders:– National AccountsBut do we serve first EU needs or National needs?– Balance of Payments and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI)– Foreign Activities and Trade Statistics (I & O-FATS)– Structural Business Statistics (SBS)
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definition of « enterprise »: main issues
In the present EU regulation: Enterprise, defined as the smallest combination of
legal units- that is an organisational unit
- producing goods and services (for the market)- … with a certain degree of autonomy in decision making- especially for the allocation of its current resources
is used at national level, without international comparability:- the sum of the parts usually differs from the total
- the required level is not specified (national, European or global?)
- the standards for data collection are not consistent either conceptually or in practice
so that the ultimate question will be one of « global profiling » versus profiling relative to any kind of territory
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definition of « enterprise »: main issues
Probably necessary to choose between:– present definition of enterprise (easy to use with legal administrative or
fiscal data, but not consistent with management structure)– a new one (at least partly) based on group operational segments
or divisions (GODs) (listed in Annual Reports according to IFRS8)
GODs definition usually crosses the national boundaries, and thus needs a choice between: – enterprises crossing national boundaries– GODs split into enterprises within national boundaries– with a classification dilemma (simplest example next slide)
GODs definition is not directly related to legal units:– (some) legal units may be split into more than one enterprise– need to find a way to relate the enterprise to the institutional unit
– need (eventually) to create “rest of world” units for outside EU
There is no role, in the EU, for the local unit.
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definition of « enterprise »
The territorial classification dilemma:
What is
› global classification?› national classification?
› when France and Germany› distribute GB output
France (UCI& Distribution)
GB (Manufacturing)
Germany(Distribution)
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definition of « enterprise »
The territorial classification dilemma:can be more complex if flows of manufactured goods are implied
What is› global classification?› national classification?
› when Spain and France are manufacturers of goods conceived in France and sold in the whole of Europe through a unique French “trade” company
› distributed in all EU countries through specialised affiliates
FR (UCI, R&D,Manuf and trade)
Spain(Manufacturing
and distribution)
All EU countries(Distribution)
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Two operational proposals:
› 1 Sharing a model:– a “model” of statistical units is essential for successful profiling– all countries need to use the same standards (for profiling both
MNEs and large domestic groups)– national accounts systems: we recognise that the new UN-SNA
manuals focuses on the legal units; what about the new EU-ESA?
› 2 Dealing with complexity:– we cannot deal with all cases (initially or indeed in the future)– we need a mechanism to develop rules based on new cases
(within the BRWG or the EGR Steering Group?) rather than a complete set of new rules
– new rules and mechanism must include treatment of holdings, SPEs, off-shoring, family closed companies, family groups, accountancy firms and other partnerships, etc
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Three operational questions(1) :› Do we propose a process with, first, top-down profiling, then,
completed with bottom-up information?– delineating the global enterprise group by creating a cluster of
all legal units belonging to the group– investigating the operational structure (as independently as
possible from “legal” or administrative structure)– identifying all market-oriented entities (as the basement for the
future enterprises) and allocating all other entities to these– link (at least try to ) all legal units to enterprises (recognising
that relationships can be: 1 to1; several to 1; many to many)
› Which is very different from the present definition (largely bottom-up):– only way to deal with groups with hundreds of affiliates, – avoiding time lag and quality problems of administrative data, – improving the cost /efficiency ratio
But leading to the following questions:
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Three operational questions (2):
› Do we propose to use (largely) the IFRS (the EU-GAAP)?
thus needing to study their pros and cons:– Pros:
– Most widespread “administrative” “ EU” standards– Good standardisation of elementary flows and stocks– Compulsory for stock-traded and bond-traded groups– Include “operational segments” (with turn-over,
operational results and employment figures)– Cons:
– Consolidated data (no national figure if intra-group flows) and sometimes at levels lower than UCI
– No standardised publication tables– Uncertain stability for the operational segments
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Three operational questions (3):
› Do we propose to restore consistency between EU and national statistics, through assigment of dual (plural) classifications to statistical units
– Group-consistent classification– Own-activity classification (solves ancillary activities
problem and also commercial but not trade activities problems)
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leading to 3 main types of options:› 1 the so-called “no change” option:
– sticking to the present definition of enterprises– with necessary operational changes to really apply it
› 2 the “minor change” option– clarifying the definition of enterprises (what reference territory: each country /
a zone / the world? what type of relations with legal units?) in comparison to operational segments of the Group
– introducing either “truncated GODS” as enterprises or “truncated enterprises”– with international coordination (list and composition of enterprises)– Statistical work remaining purely national
› 3 the “complete change” option– First global: for the listing of GODs and enterprises– Statistics mainly based on consolidated information (highest level possible)
or on “consolidation system” at least for FATS data (ISIC/NACE; turn-over; employment)
– Then allocation to countries (process to be designed)
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the first « examples » studied
› testing, iterations and early results are objectives throughout the project
› but restricted to “examples” until now
› first “cases” studied in common: – 4 groups within the motorcar industry (to check their similarities and differences)– a list of differentiated MNEs (in industry, trade and services, all largely
widespread in EU, some with SPEs), most of them being seen from at least two countries point of view
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the future work
› Next Workshop in Paris in June, main discussion on:– Options for the profiling– Draft report on statistical units
› Needed discussion from EU and non EU statisticians
› For EU members, all papers of the ESSnet on CIRCA / BRnet / Profiling, for information and comment
Thank you for attention and comments