pic/puzzle of the day & announcements for nov 3, 2008 quiz #4: wednesday other: office hours...
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Pic/Puzzle of the Day & Announcements for Nov 3, 2008
Quiz #4: Wednesday
Other: Office hours today, until 3 (other by appt)
Guest Lecture on Mars! (Wednesday/Monday)
HW4 solns: Posted later today
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1. Geology of Mercury & Venus
2. Venusian Atmosphere
3. Earth vs. Venus - This planet is TOO HOT
Today:
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Mercury - An “Extreme” Planet•Closest Planet to the Sun•0.38 AU, 2.5 x closer than Earth•sunlight is 6.25 x more intense!
•Highest Density other than Earth•Largest Temperature Swings
•more than 1000 F!•Interesting Rotation•Global Magnetic Field
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Mercury in the Sky
•Closest Planet to the Sun•Hard to observe
What time of day is Mercury observable?
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Mercury - Early Observations
Giovanni Schiaparelli(1835-1910)
•Closest Planet to the Sun•Hard to observe (imagination required!)
• Mercury Rotates Slowly
•Synchronous?•T?
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Mercury - Synchronous Rotation?
1965 - Dyce & PettengillDOPPLER EFFECT
How??
1962 - Radiation from Mercury not so cold
X
Not Synchronous
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Mercury - Synchronous Rotation?
1965 - Dyce & PettengillRotation Period = 59 Days(Orbital Period = 88 Days)
1962 - Radiation from Mercury not so cold
X
Not Synchronous
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How long is a day on Mercury?
1 day on Mercury = 176 Earth daysLonger than 1 year!
Earth rotates on its axis ~365 times for each revolution around the
Sun
Mercury rotates on its axis exactly 1.5 times
for each revolution around the Sun(3:2 spin-orbit
resonance)
Rotation Period = 59 Days(Orbital Period = 88 Days)
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Mercury & Einstein
Observation: Mercury’s Orbit Precesses
General Relativity!Space is curved by Sun’s mass!WHY??
?
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Mercury - OverviewPlanet of Extremes
Distance36 million miles (0.39
AU)Closest Planet to Sun
Orbital Period 88 daysRotation Period
59 days 3:2 Resonance - Tides!
Radius 2440 km (0.38 Earth)Smallest Planet (no
Pluto)
Mass3.3 x 1023 kg (0.055
Earth)Least Massive
Density 5.4 g/cm3 Densest except Earth - Iron
Surface T800 F (day), -290 F
(night)Atmosphere Essentially none
Magnetic Field small but present! Surprising - why??Axis Tilt 0 degrees seasons?
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Mercury - Spacecraft dataMariner 10: Venus/Mercury flyby (1974)
Flew by 3x before it ran out of fuel!
Imaged 45% of surface
Calculated HIGH density
(4.4g/cm3)Large iron coreSmall Magnetic
Field (1% Earth)
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Mercury’s Magnetic Field - Why?Small Magnetic
Field (1% Earth)
2007 - Mercury has a small molten core!
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Mercury - Spacecraft dataMessenger - Recent close approach Feb. 1 & Oct. 6, 2008!
Mercury orbit - March 18, 2011
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Messenger Terrain
South Pole
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Messenger Terrain - Similar to Moon!
QuickTime™ and aH.264 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Mercury - Surface FeaturesHeavily Cratered Areas - Old (Heavy
Bombardment)Large smooth Basins - Younger, Lava from Large impacts?
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Mercury - Surface Features
Messenger Images
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Mercury - Surface Features
-size of Texas-jumbled terrain opposite-caused by large impact
Caloris Basin - largest feature on Mercury
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Mercury - Surface Features-3 km high-100s of km across-contraction from cooling(planet shrank by ~20km!)-closed off volcanic vents
Scarps: Large cliffs caused by contraction of surface
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Mercury - Unsolved Mysteries
- “Mysterious dark blue material??”
-Ice on Poles?
-size of molten core?