pico3.14 alexey sorokin

Cost, drivers and action against land degradation through land use and cover change in Russia

Alexey Sorokin*, Anton Strokov, Alisher Mirzabaev and Timothy Johnson

*Lomonosov Moscow State University

1

Overview

Economics of land degradation in Russia

Case study (Rostov region: From Orchards

to Cropland)

Conclusion

Contractors:

Funders:

Partners:

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Cost, drivers and action against land degradation through land use and cover change in Russia

Alexey Sorokin*, Anton Strokov, Alisher Mirzabaev and Timothy Johnson

*Lomonosov Moscow State University

2

Global changes in croplands in Russia in 2009 relative to 2001. Source: based on MODIS data.

Global changes in forest cover in Russia in 2009 relative to 2001. Source: based on MODIS data.

Federal districts Cropland Forest Grassland Shrublands Urban Water Barren

Central 0 4 -3 -1 0 0 0

Southern -2 0 3 -1 0 0 0

Northwestern -1 8 1 -7 -2 0 1

Far Eastern 1 44 -40 -3 -2 0 0

Siberian -1 49 -22 -28 -1 0 3

Ural 3 14 -4 -13 0 0 0

Volga -4 6 0 -2 0 0 0

North Caucasian n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a

Total -4 125 -66 -55 -6 0 4

Land use/cover change in Russia in 2009 relative to 2001, in mln ha. Source: calculated using MODIS data.

Land use/cover change

Cost, drivers and action against land degradation through

land use and cover change in Russia Alexey Sorokin*, Anton Strokov, Alisher Mirzabaev and Timothy Johnson

*Lomonosov Moscow State University

3

Federal district TEV 2001 TEV 2009 GDP in 2009 Value of ecosystems

per capita, in USD GDP/TEV

Central 129 130 434 3 406 334%

Southern 76 80 75 5 762 94%

Northwestern 441 439 127 31 823 29%

Far Eastern 1300 1290 68 198 229 5%

Siberian 1150 1180 133 60 182 11%

Ural 381 394 165 32 339 42%

Volga 199 208 184 6 804 88%

North Caucasian 30 30 29 3 325 97%

Total 3700 3750 1216 26 088 32%

The Total Economic Value of ecosystem goods and services is estimated to equal about 3700 bln USD in Russia, exceeding the GDP by 3 times. The relative value of ecosystems per capita depends on the territory, land use/cover characteristics, and population.

The major drivers of degradation include: climatic change, unsustainable agricultural practices, industrial and mining activities, expansion of crop production to fragile and marginal areas, inadequate maintenance of irrigation and drainage networks, and overgrazing.

Cost, drivers and action against land degradation through

land use and cover change in Russia Alexey Sorokin*, Anton Strokov, Alisher Mirzabaev and Timothy Johnson

*Lomonosov Moscow State University

4

Costs of action over the 30-year horizon in USD shown per

hectare with land degradation hotspots. Source: image was prepared by authors using initial data from Nkonya et al. (2014) and Le et al. (2014).

If we look at the European part of Russia Recent Degradation could have relatively high costs and low costs of action against land degradation. These results could be explained by different costs of TEV of ecosystems, different costs of establishing, maintenance cost of biome until it reaches maturity, etc.

Costs of action with land

degradation hotspots

Cost, drivers and action against land degradation through land use and cover change in Russia

Alexey Sorokin*, Anton Strokov, Alisher Mirzabaev and Timothy Johnson

*Lomonosov Moscow State University

5

Overview

Economics of land degradation in Russia

Case studies

Conclusion

http://eld.soil.msu.ru/en

Case study (Rostov region)

Case study (Azov district of Rostov region: From Orchards to Cropland)

Case study (The Farm level, Azov district of Rostov region)

Cost, drivers and action against land degradation through land use and cover change in Russia

Alexey Sorokin*, Anton Strokov, Alisher Mirzabaev and Timothy Johnson

*Lomonosov Moscow State University

6

For more information, please visit our website:

ELD Laboratory, Faculty of Soil Science, MSU http://eld.soil.msu.ru/en

or contact personally:

Oleg Makarov, Head of ELD Laboratory eld@soil.msu.ru

The the results obtained with financial assistance of Russian Scientific Foundation (RSCF) grant 14-38-00023.

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Cost, drivers and action against land degradation through

land use and cover change in Russia Alexey Sorokin*, Anton Strokov, Alisher Mirzabaev and Timothy Johnson

*Lomonosov Moscow State University

7

Overview

Economics of land

degradation in Russia

Case study (Rostov

region: From Orchards

to Cropland)

Conclusion

General Information ELD Laboratory was established on the basis of Faculty of

Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University on

October 1st, 2014 with financial assistance of Russian

Science Foundation.

Topic: Control of Land Degradation in Eurasian Region

: to create a scientific basis to justify the

economic efficiency of sustainable land

management.

: insufficient attention to land degradation

associated with the underestimation of damage

from it, because it does not take into account

indirect economic losses, including those from

unexposed ecosystem services. The task of

scientists is to accurately count the cost of action

and cost of inaction and incentives for land users to

switch to sustainable land management.

: to facilitate the establishment of a

durable scientific basis for the economic

assessment of land degradation from the point of

view of agricultural production, and direct and

indirect ecosystem functions of soils.

8

Short description of the studying areas (Soil [WRB, 2014] | Agricultural specialization | Degradation processes): 1. Dagestan region: Leptosols | pastures | erosion, overgrazing 2. Belgorod region: Chernozems | crops (wheat, barley, sunflower, corn) and livestock | erosion, waterlogging, soil compaction 3. Voronezh region: Chernozems | crops (wheat, barley, corn) and livestock | erosion, waterlogging, soil compaction 4. Krasnodar region: Chernozems | crops (wheat, barley, soya, sunflower) | erosion, soil compaction 5. Kursk region: Chernozems | crops (wheat, barley, rape) | erosion, soil compaction 6. Vladimir region: Phaeozems | crops (potatoes, barley, oats) | OC loss, waterlogging 7-8. Kabardino-Balkaria region: Kastanozems | crops (wheat, corn, rape, soya) | erosion, OC loss

9. Krasnodar region: Chernozems | fruits | secondary salinization, waterlogging 10. Stavropol region: Chernozems | crops (wheat, barley, sunflower, rape) | erosion, solonetzing (sodium salinization), soil compaction 11. Astrakhan region: Kastanozems | irrigating crops (vegitables, melons) and livestock | secondary salinization, erosion

Economics of land

degradation in Russia

9

Short description of the studying areas (Soil [WRB, 2014] | Agricultural specialization | Degradation processes): 12. Tula region: Mollic Phaeozems | crops (wheat, barley, potatoes) and livestock | erosion, radioactive contamination 13. Moscow region: Phaeozems | grasslands | erosion, soil pollution 14. Karelia region: Histosols | grasslands | waterlogging, OC loss, peat extraction 15. Uzbekistan: Saline soils of any RGs | irrigating crops (cotton, wheat, melon) | salinization, desertification 16. Bryansk region: Phaeozems | exclusion zone or lumbering | radioactive contamination 17. Narayan Mar: Cryosols | pastures | petroleum and industrial contamination

18. Saratov region: Mollic Kastanozems | irrigating crops (wheat, corn) and livestock | erosion, soil compaction, solonetzing (sodium salinization) 19. Tula region: Mollic Phaeozems | crops (wheat, barley, potatoes) and livestock | erosion, soil polution 20. Moscow region: Phaeozems | crops and livestock | erosion 21. Rostov region: Chernozems | crops (wheat, sunflower) | erosion, salinization

Economics of land

degradation in Russia

10

A key feature!

Value of ecosystem services is included into the estimation of the full costs of land degradation. Why?

Many of the services provided by ecosystems are not traded in markets, which leads to an undervaluation of land and its provision of ecosystem services.

The conceptual framework

Economics of land

degradation in Russia

11

National methods:

- Determine the value of damage | injery for soils and lands (Method...,1994; Method,2010 - in Russian)

- Determining the degree of degradation by 5-point scale (Method,1994; Method,1996), using established scales and tables

- Calculating of soil-ecological index (Karmanov, 2002)

- Calculating of soil ecological quality loss index (Makarov, 2002)

- Adjustment of the cadastral value of the land (Makarov)

- Assessment of soil cost based on its ecological functions (Ananjeva and Gavrilenko, 2013)

International methods:

- Benefits of tak