phytoplankton
DESCRIPTION
PHYTOPLANKTON. Diversity of Algae in the Plankton. All are free-floating All capture light energy by oxygenic photosynthesis All use a suite of photosynthetic pigments that includes Chlorophyll a. Major Groups of Freshwater Phytoplankters. Blue-Green Algae- Cyanobacteria - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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PHYTOPLANKTONDiversity of Algae
in the Plankton
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• All are free-floating• All capture light energy by oxygenic photosynthesis • All use a suite of photosynthetic pigments that
includes Chlorophyll a.
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Major Groups of Freshwater Phytoplankters
1. Blue-Green Algae- Cyanobacteria2. Green Algae- Chlorophyta3. Yellow-Green Algae- Xanthophyta4. Golden-Brown Algae- Chrysophyta5. Diatoms- Bacillariophyta6. Haptomonads- Haptophyta7. Cryptomonads- Cryptophyta8. Dinoflagellates- Pyrrhophyta9. Euglenoids- Euglenophyta
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1. Blue-Green Algae=CYANOBACTERIA
• Chlorophyll a• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls• Billiproteins• No flagella• Photosynthate stored as cyanophycin
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Filamentous Cyanobacteria
• Heterocystic Filaments– Anabaena
– Aphanizomenon
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Filamentous Cyanobacteria
• No Cellular Differentiation– Oscillatoria
– Planktothrix
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Colonial Cyanobacteria
• Microcystis
• Gloeocapsa
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2. Green Algae=CHLOROPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and b• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls• Paired, anteriorly-directed flagella• Photosynthate stored as starch
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Volvocines
• Volvox
• Pandorina
• Chlamydomonas
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Chlorococcalian Greens
• Scenedesmus
• Pediastrum
• Ankistrodesmus
• Oocystis
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Desmids
Micrasterias
Cosmarium
Closterium
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3. Yellow-Green Algae=XANTHOPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and c• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls (dominant pigments)• Anteriorly-directed tinsel and posteriorly-
directed whiplash flagella• Photosynthate stored as oil• Eyespot within the chloroplast
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Xanthophytes
• Ophiocytium
• Tribonema
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4. Golden-Brown Algae=CHRYSOPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and c• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls (dominant pigments)• Anteriorly-directed tinsel and posteriorly-
directed whiplash flagella• Photosynthate stored as chrysolaminarin and fat• Eyespot (if present) within the chloroplast• Walls often made of silica scales
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Chrysophytes
• Dinobryon
• Synura
• Mallomonas
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5. Diatoms=BACILLARIOPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and c• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls (dominant pigments)• Flagella only in sperm of centrics• Photosynthate stored as oil or chrysolaminarin• Walls (called frustules) made of silica
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Centric Diatoms
• Cyclotella
• Melosira
Radial symmetryFace usually with concentric regions
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Araphid Pennates
• These are pennate but have no raphe. Common taxa include Diatoma and Fragilaria
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Monoraphid Pennates
• Only one valve has a raphe (RV). The other is rapheless (RLV). Ex: Cocconeis
RV RLV
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Other Monoraphid Taxa
• Planothidium• Achnanthidium
RV RLV
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Symmetrical Biraphids
• Taxa are symmetrical in all three planes. Both valves have a raphe.
• Common genera include:– Navicula– Eolimna– Brachysira– Frustulia
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Navicula
Eolimna
Brachysira
Frustulia
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Assymetrical Biraphids
• Biraphids but are symmetrical in only one plane, often with a terminal pore field
• Common genera include– Amphora– Cymbella– Encyonema– Gomphoneis– Gomphonema
Amphora
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CymbellaEncyonema
Gomphoneis
Gomphonema
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Nitzichiods
• Raphe on marginal struts called fibulae. Striae across the valve without a break
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Eunotids and Others
• Eunotids have raphes on the terminal ends of the valve
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Pennate Plankters• Fragilaria
• Synedra
• Navicula
• Asterionella
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6. Haptomonads=HAPTOPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and c• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls (dominant pigments)• Paired anteriorly-directed flagella and a
haptonema• Photosynthate stored as starch
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Chrysochromulina
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7. Cryptomonads=CRYPTOPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and c• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls (dominant pigments)• Paired anteriorly-directed flagella• Billiproteins• Photosynthate stored as starch
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Cryptomonas
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8. Dinoflagellates=PYRRHOPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and c• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls (dominant pigments)• Posteriorly-directed whiplash and ribbon
flagellum around middle of cell.• Photosynthate stored as starch and oil
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Dinoflagellates
• Gymnodinium
• Cystodinium
• Peridinium
• Ceratium
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9. Euglenoids=EUGLENOPHYTA
• Chlorophylls a and c• Β Carotene• Xanthophylls• Anteriorly-directed tinsel flagellum with
paraflagellar rod (some with emergent recurrent flagellum)
• Photosynthate stored as leucosin
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Euglenoids
• Euglena
• Phacus
• Trachelomonas