physiological disorders of warm season vegetables
TRANSCRIPT
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Physiological disorders of warm season vegetables
Ningappa kirasur2014-12-129Dept. of OlericultureCOH, Vellanikkara
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Tomato Blossom end rot
Blotchy ripening
Cat face
Puffiness
Sunscald
Cracking
Gold fleck
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Symptoms
• Common and destructive disorder
• Lesion appear at blossom end of fruit while it is green
• Water-soaked spots appear at the point of attachment of
the senescent petals
• Affected portion becomes sunken, leathery and dark
colored
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Management
• Balanced irrigation and staking
• Foliar spray of calcium chloride 0.5%
• At fruit development stage
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Blotchy ripening
Symptoms:• Irregular ripening, green
blotches over red skin
Causes:
• Severe water stress, poor
potassium uptake and
distribution in plants
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Management
• Regulated water supply during fruit development
• Foliar sprays of 0.5% potassium chloride
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Cat face
Symptoms:
• The fruit gets distorted at the blossom end
• The fruits have ridges, furrows, indentations and
blotches
• The cells at blossom end of the ovary die and turn black
and forms leathery blotchCauses:• Unfavorable climatic condition during flowering causes
distortion of growth of the pistil cells
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Contd…
Cat face
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Management
• Grow varieties free from this distortion
• Grow tomatoes in the ample growing conditions
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Puffiness
Causes:
o Low or high temperature
o Lack of pollination and fertilization
Symptoms:
• The outer wall continues to develop normally
• But the growth of internal tissues is retarded
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Management
• Maintaining optimum soil moisture
• Avoid over irrigation
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Sun scald
Symptoms:
• Green or near green of fruits exposed to sun light
• The tissues have blistered, water soaked
appearance
• Rapid desiccation leads sunken area on ripe fruits
Management:
• To grow cultivars with heavy foliage provide
protection to fruits
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Fruit cracking
Symptoms:o Radial cracking is more severe than
concentric crackingo Cracking start from stem end in ripe
fruitso Concentric crack around the shoulders
of green fruitCauses: Rain after a long dry spell
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Management
Maintain optimum soil moisture
Grow resistant cultivars
Ex:-pusa ruby, Sioux, Roma, Arka saurabh
Spray borax at 0.3 - 0.4%
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Gold flake
Causes:
Higher supply of calcium and phosphate
fertilizers
Excess calcium oxalates
Symptoms:
Tiny yellow spots appear on the fruits
surface around the calyx and fruit shoulder
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Management Apply recommended dose of calcium and potassic
fertilizers
Provide shade during summer season
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Brinjal
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Poor fruit sett
Causes:
Due to presence of large number of pseudo short
styled and short styled flowers
Dropping of long and medium styled flowers
Management:
Spraying of 2,4-D (2 ppm) and NAA (60 ppm) at full
bloom stage
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Chili and Sweet Pepper
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Blossom end rot
Symptoms:
Water soaked spots appear on blossom end
of the fruits
The spots become light brown, papery and
finally lesions dry out
Causes:
Heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizer
Heavy irrigation after a dry spell
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Management
Heavy dose of nitrogenous fertilizer should be
avoided
Irrigate the crop properly
Maintain optimum moisture in soil
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Chilling injury
Causes:
Expose of fruits to low temperature
Symptoms:
Surface pitting, premature loss of firmness
Fruits fail to ripen and poor color development
Management :
Maintains the optimum growing conditions
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Beans
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Transverse cotyledon cracking
Symptoms:
Major disorder in French bean
Due to planting dry seeds in wet soil
White seeded cultivars are more prone
Seeds with 12% moisture has better germination
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Tapioca
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Vascular streaking
Causes:
Complex biochemical change and wounding
increased respiration rate and ethylene production
Symptoms:
Blue black discolorations on the ring of vascular tissues
Disorder takes the form of streaks-” Blue Vein”
Management:
Pruning of aerial parts at 2 weeks before harvest
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Thank you