physik dichter kernmaterie – von sps zu fair claudia höhne, gsi darmstadt
TRANSCRIPT
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Physik dichter Kernmaterie – von SPS zu FAIR
Claudia Höhne, GSI Darmstadt
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2 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Outline: “Physik dichter Kernmaterie”
• Introduction & Motivation
• QCD phase diagram → phase transitions, critical point → region of high baryon densities!
• Lessons learned at SPS
• search for the onset of deconfinement• search for the critical point• study of the strongly interacting medium with medium probes
• CBM experiment at FAIR
• feasibility studies• detector R&D
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3 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Phasediagram
• normal matter exists in different phases depending on p,T
• phasediagram for hot and dense nuclear matter?
crossover
1st
ord
er P
T
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4 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Phasediagram of strongly interacting matter
temperature
pressure
0
~ 2 ∙1012 K (center of sun ~107 K)
quarks (quasi-)free particles, dissolved from assembly in hadrons
crossover
critical point
1st order PT
/0 ~ 5-10
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5 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Phasediagram of strongly interacting matter
temperature
pressure
0
Big Bang & early universe
neutron stars
Nucleus+Nucleus collisions in lab
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6 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Phasediagram of strongly interacting matter
temperature
pressure
0
Fundamental questions of QCD • Equation of state of strongly interacting matter?
• Structure of strongly interacting matter as function of T and B?
• In medium properties of hadrons as function of T and B?
→ address with heavy-ion collisions
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7 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
energy
What do we know from experiment and theory?
AGS Brookhaven2-10 GeV/nucleon
SPS CERN20 -160 GeV/nucleon
RHIC Brookhaven√s = 130 - 200 GeV/nucleon future: LHC
• since 1980s heavy ion collision experiments at AGS, SPS• 2000 start of RHIC, 2009 LHC• ongoing experiments at SIS exploring „resonance matter“
SIS18 GSI< 2 GeV/nucleon
●▼■ “freeze-out” points: final hadron yields described by statistical model: T, B, V
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8 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
What do we know from experiment and theory?
• freeze out curve
• B=0 MeV: T=164 MeV
• partonic degrees of freedom at RHIC and top SPS
→ first quantitative characterizations of matter
→ detailed studies upcoming at LHC: B=0 MeV and high T
• evidence for onset of deconfinement at lower SPS energies (30 AGeV)
●▼■ “freeze-out” points: final hadron yields described by statistical model: T, B, V
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9 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
What do we know from experiment and theory?
Lattice-QCD
• TC = 151 ± 3 ± 3 MeV (chiral PT) TC = 175 ± 2 ± 4 MeV (deco. PT) (Z. Fodor, JHEP 0906:088,2009. )
• TC = 171 ± 10 ± 17 MeV (chiral & deco. PT)
(M. Cheng et al., arXiv:0911.3450)
• crossover transition at μB=0 (Z. Fodor, arXiv:0712.2930 hep-lat)
• 1. order phase transition with critical endpoint at μB > 0 ?
?
[A. Andronic et al., arXiv:0911.4806 ]
quarkyonic phase: L. McLerran, R. Pisarski, Nucl. Phys. A 796 (2007)83
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10 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Future experimental programs
1) exploring properties of the QGP at highest T and B=0: LHC
2) searching for structures in the QCD phase diagram at high net-baryon densities; characterization of this matter
experience:
field driven by experimental data!
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11 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Limiting temperature at √sNN ~ 10 GeV
• statistical model fit: T, B, V: temperature saturates for √sNN > 10 GeV although energy density (and initial T) still increases
→ deconfinement phase boundary reached, additional energy goes into heating the QGP
• occurs at the same energy at which mesons start to carry the larger part of the entropy
[A. Andronic et al., Phys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 142] [H.Oeschler et al., J.Phys.G 32, 223 (2006)]
s/T
3
SIS
100
SIS
300
SIS
100
SIS
300
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12 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Structures in particle ratios
• statistical model: very succesful description of particle yields
• equilibrated hadron gas!
• multistrange hadrons are important – very sensitive!
vicinity of phase boundary required?
• however: for low energies multistrange hadrons are missing!
• also freeze-out at phase boundary? or rescattering hadron gas?
[A. Andronic et al., Phys. Lett. B 673 (2009) 142]
SIS
100
SIS
300
p/+
K+/+
K-/-
/-
/-
/-
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13 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Maximum in relative s-production
HG
QGP
Statistical model of the early stage (SMES)
[Gazdzicki, Gorenstein, Acta. Phys. Polon. B30, 2705 (1999)]
[A.
And
roni
c pr
iv.
com
.,
ana
lysi
s in
Phy
s. L
ett.
B 6
73 (
2009
) 14
2]
• maximum in relative strangeness production
• different energy dependence than in pp
• details of dependence not captured by statistical hadron gas model
• data best described assuming a phase transition: prediction of SMES
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14 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
• bag model EoS with a strong 1st order phase transition (UrQMD + hydro)
Plateau in slopes of pt-distributions
• mixed phase: pressure and T independent of → weak increase of slopes of pt-spectra
• behavior can only be explained assuming a phase transition
[H. Petersen et al., arXiv:0902.4866]
[M. Gazdzicki et al, Braz. J. Phys. 34, 322 (2004)]
[L. van Hove, Phys.Lett.B 118, 138 (1982)][M. Gorenstein et al., Phys. Lett. B 567, 175 (2003)]
• hydrodynamic calculation including a phase transition
• similar behavior in <mt> seen for other particles: , K, p, , ,
• however: low energy data missing
[NA
49:
Ph
ys.R
ev.
C77
:024
903,
200
8]
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15 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Search for the critical point: Event-by-event fluctuations
• phase transition of 2nd order at critical point: fluctuations?
• study of event-by-event fluctuations of• mean-pt • multiplicity• net electric charge • particle ratios
• experimentally difficult, many contributions can contribute
• no data for lower energies
• not conclusive
[NA49: Phys.Rev.C79:044910,2009.][STAR: Phys.Rev.Lett.103:092301,2009.]
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16 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Exploring nuclear matter with penetrating probes
pn
++
p
e+, μ+
e-, μ-
• dileptons are penetrating probes – direct radiation from the created hot and dense matter
- meson
• vacuum lifetime 0 = 1.3 fm/c
• couples to the medium → change of hadronic properties: "melts" close to Tc and at high B
• connection to chiral symmetry restoration?
"SPS""FAIR"
[R. Rapp, priv. com. (CBM physics book)]
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17 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Exploring nuclear matter with penetrating probes
%2MM
NA60: Phys.Rev.Lett. 96 (2006) 162302
• SPS: dilepton spectra measured by NA60 (µ+µ-) and CERES (e+e-)
• excess spectrum shows strong modification of -meson in medium
calculations: H. v. Hees, R. Rapp, Nucl.Phys.A806:339,2008
“excess spectrum”: di-lepton radiation from the high-density phase
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18 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Exploring nuclear matter with penetrating probes• measurement of di-electron channel: access to lowest masses→ strength of dilepton yield at low masses is due to coupling to baryons!
• importance of baryon density: data at 40 show higher excess than at 158 AGeV!
[CERES: Phys.Lett.B 666, 425 (2008)][calculations: H. v. Hees, R. Rapp, Nucl.Phys.A806:339,2008 ]
preliminary
N*
N
*
e+
e-
explains C+C!
HADES, arXiv: 0907.3690 – QM09
+
N-1
π
Δ(1232)
>
>
N*(1520)
N-1
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19 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Charmonium suppression
• charm newly produced: mc ~ 1.3 GeV ! → new scale, production in initial hard scattering
• distribution among charmed hadrons depending on medium
• appealing early idea: charmonia will be dissolved in QGP
→ suppressed yield compared to hadron gas
[R. Arnaldi, NA60, QM09]
NA60, preliminary, 158 AGeV
• J/ suppression measured
• difficult corrections, many open questions
• no good open-charm (D-meson) measurement
• no data at lower energies
Pb+Pb
In+In
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20 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Charm propagation
[HSD: O. Linnyk et al., Int.J.Mod.Phys.E17, 1367 (2008)] [SHM: A. Andronic et al., Phys. Lett. B 659 (2008) 149]
Propagation of produced charm quarks in the dense phase –quark like or (pre-)hadron like?
• charmonium to open charm ratio as indicator – measure both!• indications of collectivity?
• first charm measurements in A+A below 158 AGeV!
• aim at detailed information including phase space distributions, flow!
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21 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Future explorations
complete scan of the QCD phase diagram with modern, 2nd generation experiments on the horizon!
30A GeV
• RHIC beam energy scan- evolution of medium properties- “turn-off” of established signatures- search for CP and PT
• NA61 at SPS- search for CP and PT in energy-system size scan
• both essentially limited to high yield observables
• FAIR and NICA- new accelerator projects- FAIR: high intensities! → rare probes!
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22 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Highest net-baryon densities at FAIR
• high (net-)baryon and energy densities created in central Au+Au collisions
beam energy
max. /0
max [GeV/fm3]
time span
~FWHM
5 AGeV 6 1.5 ~ 8 fm/c
40 AGeV 12 > 10 ~ 3.5 fm/c
[J.
Ra
ndru
p, J
. C
leym
ans
PR
C7
4, 0
4790
1 (2
006
)]
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23 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
CBM: Physics topics and Observables
Onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high B
• in-medium modifications of hadrons (,, e+e-(μ+μ-), D)
Deconfinement phase transition at high B • excitation function and flow of strangeness (K, , , , )• excitation function and flow of charm (J/ψ, ψ', D0, D, c)• charmonium suppression, sequential for J/ψ and ψ' ?
The equation-of-state at high B
• collective flow of hadrons• particle production at threshold energies (open charm)
QCD critical endpoint• excitation function of event-by-event fluctuations (K/π,...)
Systematics & precision!!
→ characterization of the created medium!
CBM Physics B
ook
submitt
ed!
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24 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Particle multiplicity ∙ branching ratio for min. bias Au+Au collisions at 25 GeV (from HSD and thermal model)
SPS Pb+Pb 30 A GeV
Particle multiplicities
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25 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
CBM @ FAIR
+ HADES
CBM and HADES at SIS 100 and SIS 300
• systematic exploration of high baryon density matter in A+A collisions from 2 – 45 AGeV beam energy with 2nd generation experiments
• explore the QCD phase diagram, chiral symmetry restauration
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26 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Module 0:SIS100
Module 1:CBM Cave,APPA hall
Module 2:SFRS + R3BModule 3:
Anti-proton facilityModule 4:Low-E NUSTAR, NESR, FLAIR, APPA-cave
Module 5:RESR
HADES and CBM startversion at SIS 100
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27 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
The CBM experiment• tracking, momentum determination, vertex reconstruction: radiation hard silicon pixel/strip detectors (STS) in a magnetic dipole field
• hadron ID: TOF (& RICH)• photons, 0, : ECAL
• electron ID: RICH & TRD suppression 104
• PSD for event characterization• high speed DAQ and trigger → rare probes!
• muon ID: absorber + detector layer sandwich move out absorbers for hadron runs
RICHTRD
TOF ECAL
magnet
absorber +
detectorsSTS + MVD
HK 41.1, Do 14:00, T. Galatyuk
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28 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
STS tracking – heart of CBM
Challenge: high track density: 600 charged particles in 25o @ 10MHz
Task
• track reconstruction: 0.1 GeV/c < p 10-12 GeV/c p/p ~ 1% (p=1 GeV/c)
• primary and secondary vertex reconstruction (resolution 50 m)
• V0 track pattern recognition
c = 312 m
radiation hard and fast silicon pixel and strip detectors
self triggered FEE
high speed DAQ and trigger
online track reconstruction!
fast & rad. hard detectors!
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29 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Parallelization in CBM Reconstruction !
Vector SIMD
MultiThreading
NVIDIA CUDA
OpenCL
STS + + + +
MuCh + +
RICH + +
TRD + +
Vertexing +
Open Charm Analysis
+
+ March 2009+ October 2009
DELL Server with: DELL Server with: • Core i7/NehalemCore i7/Nehalem 22x(Xeon X5550 44x2.66 GHz, 8 MB L3 cache)• DDR3-1333 36 GB36 GB main memory• NVIDIA NVIDIA GTX 295 2x240 FPUs2x240 FPUs, 1792 MB• optional LRBLRB
• fast event reconstruction is a must for CBM! HK 41.2, Do 14:30, I. Kisel
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30 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
CBM feasibility studies
• feasibility studies performed for all major channels including event reconstruction and semirealistic detector setup
J/ J/
di-electrons di-muons
' '
c
1010 events
D0
HK 41.3, Do 14:45, A. LebedevHK 41.4, Do 15:00, S. LebedevHK 41.6, Do 15:30, S. SeddikiHK 41.7, Do 15:45, I. Vassiliev
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31 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Sensor development:double-sided micro-strips, stereo angle 15o, pitch 60 μm300 μm thick, bonded toultra-thin micro-cables,radiation hardness
STS in thermalenclosure
Detector planes: ultra-light weight ladder structure
Prototypes: full CBM sensor, ultrathin cables
Development of the Silicon Tracking System (STS)
HK 21.6, Di 15:30, S. ChatterjiHK 57.2, Do 17:00, A. LymanetsHK 57.8, Do18:30, A. Kotynia
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32 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Monolithic Acitive Pixel Sensors in commercial CMOS processCBM: 5 µm single point resolution
Micro Vertex Detecor (MVD) Development
• first station 5cm downstream of target
• high position resolution!
HK 21.4, Di 15:00, D. DoeringHK 21.5, Di 15:15, S. Amar.YoucefHK 57.1, Do 16:30, M. Deveaux
first demonstrator tested in beam!
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33 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
RICH – TRD – TOF development
• RICH and TRD detectors for electron identification
• large size time-of-flight detector (RPCs) for hadron identification
MAPMT H8500
HK 31.2, Di 17:00, J. Eschke
testbeam
HK 58.3, Do 17:15, P. ReicheltHK 58.7, Do 18:15, C. Bergmann
HK 48.1, Do 14:00, H. DeppeHK 48.6, Do 15:15, S. ManzHK 48.7, Do 15:30, P. LoizeauHK 58.6, Do 18:00, I. Deppner
fast readout electronicsdouble-sided TRD prototypes
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34 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
Self-triggered readout electronics
• self-triggered readout electronics
• data-push architecture
• trigger evaluation with online tracking on large PC farm
HK 10.2, Mo 16:45, J. GebeleinHK 48.2, Do 14:15, S. LöchnerHK 70.3, Fr 14:30, F. Lemke
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35 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
STSSTSGEMGEMRICHRICH
DABC + Go4, Slow Control DABC + Go4, Slow Control
TriggerTrigger S3+S4S3+S4
1st system test in CBM testbeam @ GSI (Sep 2009)
• combined beam time CBM & PANDA • 9 days of ~ 2 hours beam per day • protons, 2.0 GeV, ~ 104 p/s
HK 49.1, Do 14:00, S. Linev
self-triggered FEE,self-triggered FEE,
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36 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
CBM@FAIR – high B, moderate T:
• exploration of QCD phase diagram at high baryon densities at SIS 100 and SIS 300 (2-45 AGeV beam energy)
• together with HADES unique possibility of characterizing properties of baryon dense matter
SummaryLessons from SPS:
• evidence for onset of deconfinement
• medium properties? – medium influences seen: more data, statistics missing → characterization of medium needed!
• evidence for critical point? – not conclusive [A. Andronic et al., arXiv:0911.4806 ]
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37 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
CBM collaboration
Russia:IHEP ProtvinoINR TroitzkITEP MoscowKRI, St. Petersburg
China:Tsinghua Univ., BeijingCCNU WuhanUSTC Hefei
Croatia:
University of SplitRBI, Zagreb
Portugal: LIP Coimbra
Romania: NIPNE BucharestBucharest University
Poland:Krakow Univ.Warsaw Univ.Silesia Univ. KatowiceNucl. Phys. Inst. Krakow
Ukraine: INR, KievShevchenko Univ. , Kiev
Univ. MannheimUniv. MünsterFZ RossendorfGSI DarmstadtUniv. WuppertalCzech Republic:
CAS, RezTechn. Univ. Prague
Germany: Univ. Heidelberg, Phys. Inst.Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Univ. Frankfurt
Hungaria:KFKI BudapestEötvös Univ. Budapest
India:Aligarh Muslim Univ., AligarhIOP BhubaneswarPanjab Univ., ChandigarhGauhati Univ., Guwahati Univ. Rajasthan, JaipurUniv. Jammu, JammuIIT KharagpurSAHA KolkataUniv Calcutta, KolkataVECC KolkataUniv. Kashmir, SrinagarBanaras Hindu Univ., Varanasi
Norway:Univ. Bergen
Kurchatov Inst. MoscowLHE, JINR DubnaLPP, JINR Dubna
Cyprus: Nikosia Univ.
56 institutions, > 400 members Split, Oct 2009
LIT, JINR DubnaMEPHI MoscowObninsk State Univ.PNPI GatchinaSINP, Moscow State Univ. St. Petersburg Polytec. U.
Korea:Korea Univ. SeoulPusan National Univ.
France: IPHC Strasbourg
CBM @ DPG 2010:
23 Voträge
6 Poster
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38 Claudia Höhne DPG Frühjahrstagung, Bonn, März 2010
CBM presentationsVorträge:HK 10.2 Mo 16:45: FPGA Fault Tolerance in Particle Physics Experiments — Jano GebeleinHK 21.4 Di 15:00: Annealing studies with ionizing, non-ionizing and combined radiation irradiated MAPS — Dennis DoeringHK 21.5 Di 15:15: In-beam performance of the MAPS demonstrator — Samir Amar-Youcef,HK 21.6 Di 15:30: Development of radiation hard microstrip detectors for the CBM silicon tracking system —Sudeep ChatterjiHK 31.2 Di 17:00: Results from first beam tests for the development of a RICH detector for CBM — Jürgen EschkeHK 41.1 Do 14:00: Exploring QCD matter at highest baryonic densities with CBM — Tetyana GalatyukHK 41.2 Do 14:30: Parallel approach to online event reconstruction in the CBM experiment — Ivan KiselHK 41.3 Do 14:45: Muon detection in the CBM experiment at FAIR — Andrey LebedevHK 41.4 Do 15:00: Electron identification capabilities of the CBM experiment at FAIR —Semen LebedevHK 41.6 Do 15:30: Feasibility of open charm elliptic flow measurement in CBM — Selim SeddikiHK 41.7 Do 15:45: Open charm measurement in the CBM experiment — Iouri VassilievHK 48.1 Do 14:00: The GSI Event-Driven TDC with 4 Channels GET4 — Harald DeppeHK 48.2 Do 14:15: Radiation Studies on the UMC 180nm CMOS Process at GSI — Sven Löchner,HK 48.6 Do 15:15: Design and Implementation of the Read-Out-Controller for the GET4 chips — Sebastian ManzHK 48.7 Do 15:30: A demonstrator for the CBM Time Of Flight wall electronic readout chain — Pierre-Alain LoizeauHK 49.1 Do 14:00: Data Acquisition Backbone Core DABC release v1.0 — Sergey LinevHK 57.1 Do 16:30: Status of the CBM Micro Vertex Detector — Michael DeveauxHK 57.2 Do 17:00: Beam tests with first prototypes of the CBM Silicon Tracking System — Anton LymanetsHK 57.8 Do 18:30: Performance studies of the CBM Silicon Tracking System — Anna KotyniaHK 58.3 Do 17:15: Study on TR-Efficiency of the CBM Transition Radiation Detector — Patrick ReicheltHK 58.6 Do 18:00: A differential RPC prototype for CBM — Ingo Martin DeppnerHK 58.7 Do 18:15: Performance of High-Rate TRD Prototypes for CBM in Source Tests and Simulation — Cyrano BergmannHK 70.3 Fr 14:30: Time synchronization and measurements of a hierarchical DAQ network — Frank Lemke
Poster – HK 36 Mi 14:00:HK 36.1: Electromagnetic probes of matter under extreme conditions — Elena BelolaptikovaHK 36.5: Parallel Kalman filter track fit based on vector classes — Igor KulakovHK 36.6: A parallel algorithm for reconstruction of short-lived particles — Maksym ZyzakHK 36.7: (Ξ0Λ)-dibaryon detectability study in the CBM experiment — Iouri VassilievHK 36.52: Studies on MAPS being irradiated with ionizing, non-ionizing and combined radiation doses — Michael DeveauxHK 36.54: Electronical and mechanical integration of the MVD Demonstrator for CBM — Tobias Tischler