physics xi xii
DESCRIPTION
intermediate book in bangladeshTRANSCRIPT
-
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW
RvZxq wkvg2012
c`v_we`vGKv`k I v`k kwY
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW
RvZxq wkvg2012
c`v_we`vGKv`k I v`k kwY
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW
RvZxq wkvg2012
c`v_we`vGKv`k I v`k kwY
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 1
1. m~Pbv1.1 hKvb KvhKgi mdjZv wbfi Ki Gi myz cwiKbvi Dci| wkv Kvhgi Gic cwiKbvB wkvg|
wkv_x`i AvMn, ceYZv, mvg_, AwfZv I wkLb Pvwn`vi mv_ Ges mgvR, `k I AvRvwZK cwiw wZ weePbvqiL cYxZ nq wbw ` wkvg| Kx, Kb, wKfve, K, Kvi mnhvwMZvq, Kx w`q, Kv_vq, KZ mgq ai wkLeGes hv wkLQ Zv wKfve hvPvB Kiv ne Gme cki Di wkvg _vK| wkvi j, Dk, wkLbdj,welqe , wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb wb `kbv-GmeB wkvgi cwZcv` welq| wkvgi wb `kbviAvjvK cYxZ nq cvVcy K I Abvb wkLb-kLvbv mvgMx| G wkvKgK AveZb KiB hKvbv ii wkvee vi KgKv cwiKwZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges ev evwqZ nq| Avi G KviYB wkvgK wkv Kvhg ev evqbibxj-bKkv ejv nq _vK|
1.2 wkvg cwigvRb, Dbqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cwqv| G cwqvq avivevwnK cwiexYi gvag Pjgvbwkvgi mejZv- y`ejZv I DchvwMZv wbYq Kiv nq| mgqi mv_ mgvRi cwieZb NUQ, ZvQvov vb-wevb Ichywi `Z cwieZb nQ| Gmei dj wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZZ nQ| G Rb cqvRbxq cwigvRb I bevqbigvag wkvg hyMvchvMx ivLv AvekK| Avevi Ggb mgq Avm hLb cyivbv wkvg cwigvRb Ki mgqi Pvwn`vc~iY me nq bv, ZLb bZzb wkvg cYqb KiZ nq|
2. wkvg Dbqbi hwKZv2.1 gvawgK I DPgvawgK ii wkvg 1995 mvj cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqbi KvR mb nq| l I beg kwYZ
1996 wkvel _K G wkvKg ev evqbi KvR i nq| DPgvawgK i 1998 wkvel _K cwigvwRZ I bevqbKZwkvKg ev evwqZ nq AvmQ| Gici `xN mgq RvZxq I AvRvwZK cwigj mvgvwRK, mvs wZK, A_bwZK IivRbwZK wewfb wekl Ki vb-wevb, Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi evcK cwieZb NUQ| cwieZbi mv_mv_ wkv_x`i wkLb-Pvwn`v `Z cwiewZZ nQ| G Pvwn`vbyhvqx wkvK hyMvchvMx Kivi Rb wkvg DbqbAcwinvh nq co|
2.2 cPwjZ wkvgi Dci gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxvi djvdj wkvgi AbK`yejZv, AmwZ I mgmv wPwZ nqQ| G wkvg AwZgvvq Z I Z_ msewjZ hv wkv_xK gyL KiZDrmvwnZ Ki| cPwjZ wkvg Abymvb, mgmv mgvavb `Zv ARb, nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLvi Ges mRbkxjI Dvebx `Zv weKvki myhvM mxwgZ| wkv_x`i bwZK I gvbweK Yvewji weKvki myhvMI Kg| cqvRbxqwelq Ges welqe hgb- Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Rjevqyi cwieZb I KiYxq, eqtmwKvj I cRbb ^v , Rvjvwbwbivcv BZvw`i cwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkLb-kLvbvi kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv Gme `Zv wkLbi Rb wkvg iZ c` vb Kiv njI ev evqb Gjv h_vh_ iZcvq wb| wkv_x`iK KggyLx Kivi wkvgi Ae`vb mvlRbK bq| bevqbKZ wkvgi GmemxgveZv KvwUq DVvi cPv bIqv nqQ|
2.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 evsjv`ki wkv GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Abymvi wkvi gvaghyMvchvMx Rbkw Dbqbi Rb cqvRb wkvgi Dbqb Ges Gi h_vh_ ev evqb| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Giev evqbi mevwaK iZc~Y c`c nQ G wkvbxwZ Abymvi wkvee vi ceZb Ges Gi Rb cqvRb mAbymvi wkvg Dbqb|
2.4 evsjv`ki icK 2021 (VISION 2012) Gi j nQ wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mo Zvjv Ges `kK gag Avqi`k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mov Ges gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kivi cavb Dcvq nQ wkvi gvagh_vchy Rbkw mw Kiv| Avi wkvi gvag Zv Kivi Rb cqvRb DchvMx wkvg|
2.5 GKwesk kZvxi wkvi Rb MwVZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkb wicvU Learning: The Treasure Within G gvawgKwkvK Rxeb cekvi gateway to life wnmve wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ KgRxeb ceki cqvRbxq hvMZvgvawgK wkvi gvag ARb| G hvMZv ARbi Rb cwZe`b wkLbi PviwU (Pillar) wPwZ Kiv nqQ|wkLbi G mg~n nQ-RvbZ kLv (Learning to know), KiZ kLv (Learning to do) wgjwgk _vKZ kLv(Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ nZ kLv (Learning to be) | Gme evevqbi gvag GKweskkZvxi DchvMx Rbkw mwi Rb cqvRb m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqb|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 2
3. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ gWjDkwfwK gWj (Objective Model) Abymvi DPgvawgK kwYi RvZxq wkvKg 2012 Dbqb Kiv nqQ| GwUKdjwfwK gWjI (Product Model) ejv hvq| G gWj Abymvi wkvi j I mvaviY Dk wbaviY Ki Dk ARbDchvMx welq I welqwfwK Dk wbaviY Kiv nqQ| welqwfwK Dk ARbi Rb iwfwK cvwK wkLbdjwbaviY Kiv nq| cvwK wkLbdjK kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK eywexq,AveMxq I gbvcwkR- G wZb fvM wefvRb Kiv nqQ| kwYwfwK wkLbdjK wfw Ki kwY DchvMx welqe ,wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb Kkjmn hveZxq wkv Kvhg wbaviY Kiv nq|
4. wkvg Dbqb AbymZ cwqvmKvwi GWyKkb mi WfjcgU cR (SESDP) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_K mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wkvg IcvVcy K evWi mvweK Zveavb GmBGmwWwc Gi wkvg wekle`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkvg kvLvi KgKZve`Ges wbevwPZ RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK wkvq wekl I Awf kwYwkKimg^q MwVZ wewfb KwgwU wkvg Dbqb Kib| wkvg Dbqb cwqvi wewfb chvq mvw`Z KvRi mswweeiY Dc vcb Kiv njv:
cevn wP RvZxq wkvg Dbqb cwqv
wkK
wkv cwZvb wkv ckvmK,wkvwe`, eywRxex cPwjZ wkvg
Ae v weklY I Pvwn`v wbicY
wkv_x
mgvR, iv IAvRvwZK Pvwn`v
ivxq g~jbxwZ
RvZxq wkvbxwZ2010
wkvgi iciLv cYqb
welqwfwK wkvg cYqb
wkvgi mg^qmvabI mvweK ic`vb
RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZKRvZxq wkvg 2012 Abygv`b
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 3
4.1 Ae v weklY4.1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvg chvjvPbv
GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` 2008 mvj gvawgK ii (l-v`k kwY) wkvg chvjvPbv Kib|hwK chvjvPbvi gvag wkvgi mej I y`ej w`K Ges wkv_x`i wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY wkvgi DchvwMZvhvPvB Kiv nq| GB chvjvPbvi djvdj bZzb wkvg Dbqb weePbvq ivLv nq|
4.1.2 cPwjZ wkvgi g~jvqbGmBGmwWwci wkvg weklMY gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 kxlK GKwUMelYv cwiPvjbv Kib| G mgxvi gvag wkvgi mej I `yej w`K, ev evqbi cwZeKZv I cwigvRbimg~n wPwZ Ges wkv_x`i wkLb-Pvwn`v wbicY Kiv nq|
4.1.3 RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 gvawgK wkv mwKZ avivmg~n chvjvPbv Ki bZzb wkvg Dbqbi wfZ Zwi Kiv nq|RvZxq wkvbxwZi wfwZB cPwjZ mKj avivi (mvaviY, gv `vmv, BsiwR) wkvK wbw ` chvq ch mgw^Z I GKgyLxwkvgi AvIZvq Afy Kivi c`c bIqv nq| G ee vq me aibi wkv cwZvb c_g _K Ag kwY chGKB wkvg Abymvi wkv Kvhg cwiPvwjZ ne|
4.1.4 AvRvwZK chvqi wkvg chvjvPbvmgmvgwqK weki wbevwPZ KqKwU `ki- fviZ, kxjv, gvjqwkqv, wmvcyi, Awjqv (AivR), hyivR(AivR) Ges KvbvWvi (AivR) wkvg chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme `ki wkvee vi wekl Ki wkvgiwekl w`Kmg~n chvjvPbv Ki evsjv`ki cwiw wZZ G`i DchvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|
4.1.5 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv`k-we`k cKvwkZ wkv I wkvg welqK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZ chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gjvi gaDjLhvM KqKwU nQ-GKwesk kZvxi wkv mwKZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkbi cwZe`b UNESCO (1996)Learning: The Treasure Within; ONeill, Geraldine (2010) Programme Design: Overview of CurriculumModels; Marsh, C.J (1997) Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum; Sheehan, John (1986)Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993) Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxqwkvg I cvVcy K evW cwiPvwjZ (2012) wbggvawgK, gvawgK I DPgvawgK chvqi wkvg, wkK cwkYwkvg I cvVcy K Rvi mse`bkxjZv chvjvPbv kxlK cwZe`b (2012), Rjevq~ cwieZb I `yhvMee vcbv, ZvgvK wbqY, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkv|ZvQvov evsjv`ki wewfb cK, miKvwi I emiKvwi cwZvb Ges ms v wkvg Afywi Rb 31wU cwZe`bRgv `q| Gme cwZe`b chvjvPbv Ki mswk welq cqvRbxq cvmwK welqe mshvRbi ee v bIqv nq|31wU cwZe`bi ga DjLhvM KqKwU nQ- Rjevqy cwieZb, Z_ cvwi AwaKvi, Lv`-cyw, cRbb ^v ,GBPAvBwf-GBWm, wekl Pvwn`vmb wk, Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkvKg BZvw`|
4.2 wkvgi iciLv cYqbAe vi weklY _K j AwfZv I djvdji wfwZ GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` RvZxq civgkKi wb `kbvqwkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv Ges wewfb chvqi wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i wkvq AMmiY cevn wP wbaviY Kib| GmeiDci wfw Ki wkvgi iciLv cYqb Kiv nq|
4.2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv gnvb fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc` vwqK g~jevai wfwZ `kcg weKvki myhvM mw bwZKZv I gvbweK g~jeva weKvki Dci iZ c` vb Abymwrmv, mRbkxj I Dvebx gZv ewi myhvM c` vb wevbgb I KggyLx Kivi Dci iZ Avivc AvaywbK chyw eenvii hvMZv ARbi myhvM mw ZvwK vbi mv_ ev egyLx I cqvMgyLx wkvi myhvM ew Rxeb`Zv ARbi myhvM mw me aibi elg Aemvbi j gvbevwaKvii Dci iZ c` vb wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi Dci iZ c` vb
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 4
4.2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i AMmiY cevn wP
RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwZ AwZ AMmiY cevn wPvbymvi 8eQi gqvw` evaZvg~jK I AeZwbK cv_wgKwkv kl Ki gav I ceYZvi wfwZ wkv_x`i GKwU Ask Pvi eQi gqvw` gvawgK wkvq Ges Ab AskwUewg~jK wkvq cek Kie| gvawgK wkv kl Zviv DP wkvq hve| Ze gvawgK chvqi c_g y`eQi klKD KD KvwiMwi wkvq hve| ewg~jK wkv mgvKvix`i GKwU Ask cek `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie,Abiv DPZi `Zvi ewg~jK wkv MnY Kie| GB wkv kl wKQz msLK wkv_x KvwiMwi wkvq hve GesAbiv gagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| KvwiMwi wkv kl KD KD DPwkvq (ckvMZ) hve, KDevgagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| DPwkv kl DPZi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| Gfve wewfb vbI `Zv wbq Zviv KgRxeb i Kie|
4.2.3 wkvg Dbqbi wbavwiZ bxwZgvjv I wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i wkvq AMmiY wPK mwq weePbvq iLwkvgi Lmov iciLv cYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iciLvwU wkvg weklMYi ek KqwU AfixY mfvqchvjvPbv I cwigvRb Kiv nq| Gfve cwigvwRZ wkvKg iciLvwU RvZxq chvqi 2wU mwgbvi Dc vcb IchvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme mwgbvi RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK-wkvqwekl, wkv ckvmK, kwYwkK AskMnY Kib| G mwgbvi evsjv`k RvZxq msm`i KqKRb gvbbxq mvsm`I RvZxq chvqi ek KqKRb bZe` AskMnY Ki gZvgZ c` vb Kib| mwgbvi _K cv mycvwik weePbvqiL wkvKg iciLvwU cwigvRb Kiv nq| cwigvwRZ iciLvwU RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW Ges RvZxqwkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygvw`Z nq|
4.2.4 wkvgi iciLvq Afy welqmg~n nQ wkvi j I mvaviY Dk, iwfwK wbevwPZ welq, welqwfwKbi^ eb I mvvwnK wcwiqW msLv, wkveli Kgw`em, wcwiqWi evw, RvZxq w`emmg~n KiYxq BZvw`|
DPZi `Zviewg~jK wkv
DPwkv (mvaviY, gv`vmv, ckvMZ)
gvawgK wkvbeg _K v`k kwY(mvaviY, gv `vmv)
DPZi `ZviKg
gagvbi `ZviKg
cek `Zvi KgKvwiMwi wkv
ewg~jK wkv
cv_wgK/GeZ`vwq wkv(c_g _K Ag kwY)
cvK-cv_wgK wkvKg
Rxeb
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 5
4.3 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqbwkvgi iciLvi wfwZ cwZwU welqi wkvg Dbqbi Rb RvZxq chvqi wkv wekl, welq wekl,Awf kwYwkK I GbwmwUweZ KgiZ weklMYi mg^q cwZwU welqi Rb 5 _K 8 m`m wewk GKwU KiKwgwU wkv gYvjq KZK MVb Kiv nq| cwZwU welq KwgwUZ mg^qKvix wnmve `vwqZ cvjb Kib GmBGmwWwciGKRb wkvg wekl|
4.3.1 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb KwgwUmg~nK wkvg Dbqb welq wbweo cwkY `Iqv nq| cwkYi cavb wZbwU nQ (K) wkvgi iciLv cwiwPwZ I wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv (L) wkvg Dbqb cwqv Ges wkvg DbqbiwbavwiZ QK I Gi eenvi (M) QKwfwK nvZ Kjg bgybv wkvg Dbqb Ges chvjvPbv|
4.3.2 cwkY cviwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi gvag welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb wbgwjwLZ mvcvb AbymiYi wmvbIqv nq:(K) f~wgKv (welqi msw cwiPq) (L) Dk (mvaviY Dkvewji AvjvK welqi Dkvewj) (M) cvwKwkLbdj (welqwfwK Dkvewj ARb DchvMx wbavwiZ i kl ARbhvM wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cvwKwkLbdji kwYwfwK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj, Aavq I wcwiqW msLv, AavqwfwK welqe ,wkLb-kLvbv wb `kbv, g~jvqb wb `kbv I cvVcy K cYqb wb `kbv| hnZz beg - v`k kwY I GKv`k-v`kkwY AweQ` kwY, mnZz G `ywU chvqi wkvg Dbqb QK-1 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRbi cqvRb nqwb|
4.3.3 cwZwU welqwfwK KwgwU w`bevcx wbavwiZ msLK mfvq wgwjZ nq wbavwiZ QK wkvgi Lmov cYqb Kib|Gici GKB aibi welqQi welqwfwK KwgwUmg~n I wkvg civgkKi h_ mfvq Lmov wkvg Dc vcbI chvjvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb Kib|
4.3.4 GKB aibi welqmg~n wbq PviwU `j MVb Ki cwZwU `ji AvevwmK Kgkvjv AbywZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`me`,mswk fwUs KwgwU I mv`bv KwgwUi m`me`, wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ wkvg Dbqb welqK UKwbKvjKwgwUi m`me` G Kgkvjvq AskMnY Kib| G Kgkvjvq welqwfwK wkvg Dc vcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq|chvjvPbvi AvjvK mswk KwgwU wkvgi cqvRbxq cwigvRb Kib|
4.3.5 cieZxZ mKj wkvgi Rb GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) Zwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~e c ZKZ wkvgiiciLv I welqwfwK wkvgmg~ni mv_ mg^q Ki c~Yv ic`vb Kiv nq|
4.3.6 Gici cYxZ wkvg wefvMxq Kgkvjvq Dc vcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Kgkvjvq welq-wkKMY `jMZfve ^ ^welqi wkvg wbweofve chvjvPbv Ki mywbw` mycvwik ivLb| Kgkvjvi G mycvwiki AvjvK welq KwgwUwkvg cwigvRb Ki mvweK ic`vb Kib|
4.3.7 wkvgwU UKwbKvj I fwUs KwgwU KZK cwigvRbi ci wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ cdkbvj KwgwU I RvZxqwkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nq| mekl RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygv`b jvfi ciwkvgwU RvZxq wkvg 2012 wnmve MnxZ nq|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 6
4.4 wkvg Dbqb wewfb chvqi Kvhgchvq Kvhg Dbqb/cYqbKvixe`
1. Ae vi weklY 1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvgchvjvPbv
1.2 gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb IPvwn`v wbicY mgxv 2010 cwiPvjbv
1.3 Dbqbkxj I DbZ KqKwU `kiwkvg chvjvPbv
1.4 cvmwK cwZe`b, ce I gZvgZchvjvPbv
1.1 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUweiwkvg wekle`
1.2 GmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`
1.3 GmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`
1.4 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUweiwkvg wekle`
2. wkvgiiciLv cYqb
2.1 wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv wbaviY
2.2 wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i AMmiYcevn wP cYqb
2.3 wkvgi iciLv cYqb
2.1 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwci, GbwmwUwe wkvgwekle`
2.2 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwci, GbwmwUwe wkvgwekle`
2.3.1 wkvg civgkKi wb`kbvqGmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`
2.3.2 RvZxq mwgbvi `ywUZAskMnYKvixe`
3. welqwfwKwkvg Dbqb
3.1. wkvg Dbqbi Dci wbweo cwkYc` vb
3.2. welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb
3.1. wkvg civgkK I UKwbKvjKwgwU
3.2.1 wkv wekl, welq wekl,Awf kwYwkK, GbwmwUwe IGmBGmwWwci weklMYimg^q MwVZ welqwfwK wkvgDbqb KwgwU
3.2.2 wefvMxq Kgkvjvq AskMnYKvixwelqwfwK wkK IGmBGmwWwci wkvgwekle`
3.2.3 UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU4. wkvgi
mg^q mvab IAbygv`b
4.1. wkvgi mvgwMKfve chvR AskZwi I mKj Aski mg^q RvZxqwkvg 2012 ic`vb
4.2. RvZxq wkvg 2012 P~ov Abygv`b
4.1.1 wkvg civgkK I GmBGmwWwciwkvg wekle`
4.1.2 UKwbKvj KwgwU I fwUs KwgwU4.1.3 cdkbvj KwgwU I GbwmwUwe4.2 RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 7
5. RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi ewk5.1 mvaviY, gv `vmv I BsiwR wkvavivmn mKj avivi wkvi Rb Ag kwY ch GKgyLx I Awfb wkvg cYqb|5.2 Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv Ges K vwiqvi wkv mshvRbi cvkvcvwk cPwjZ mvgvwRK wevb welqi cwieZ evsjv`k
I wekcwiPq welq mshvRb|5.3 Rjevqy cwieZb, cRbb ^v , Z_ AwaKvi, AwURg BZ vw` welqe mshvRb|5.4 6 _K 10g kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve z ` bMvxi fvlv I ms wZ welq mshvRb|5.5 hyMi Pvwn`vbymvi mKj ii cPwjZ welqvw`i welqe AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-v`k kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve Uz wiRg G
nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq mshvRb|5.6 ag wkvmn mKj welq bwZK wkvi Dci iZ c` vb|5.7 fvlv Av` vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc` vwqK PZbv weKvki gvag `kvZeva I RvZxq HK weKvki Dci iZ c` vb| ` kvZeva
weKvki gvag AvRvwZKZveva mwi cqvm|5.8 wevbgb, hywev`x, KggyLx I ` Rbkw mwi Dci iZ Avivc|5.9 gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvq welqe gyL Kivi cwieZ kvbv, ejv, cov I jLv G PviwU `Zv kwYK
Abykxjbi gvag kLvi myhvM mw Ges AwRZ `Zv g~jvqbi cwZ ceZb|5.10 wkLb-kLvbv Kkji gvag wkv_x`iK mRbkxj Kiv A_vr weklYg~jK, wPv DxcK I mRbkxj ckvi I KvR
Abykxjbi gvag mRbkxj I Dvebx gZvi weKvki myhvM c` vb|5.11 hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ hgb- wevb, c`v_wevb, imvqb, Rxewevb, Kwlwkv, Mvn wevb, kvixwiK wkv I ^v ,
Kg I RxebgyLx wkv, Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Pvi I KviKjv welqi ZvwK I eenvwiK Aski ga mg^q mvab GeswkvK Rxeb I ev egyLx Kivi cqvm| A_vr cwZwU Z, m~ I bxwZ wkvi mv_ mv_ eenvwiK Kivi myhvM c` vb|
5.12 nvZ Kjg Ki kLv I `jMZ AvjvPbv Ki kLvi Dci iZ c` vb|5.13 kwY Kvhg chywi eenvi ew|5.14 wkvK Rxeb I ev egyLx Kivi cqvm Ges `kxq cvcU Dbqbg Rbkw mwi Dci iZ c` vb|5.15 Aavq _K Kx Kx vb, `Zv, g~jeva I `wfw ARb Kie Zv eywewK, gbvcwkR I AveMxq wkLbdj wnmve cwZwU
Aavqi iZ mshvRb|5.16 wkvi gvag mecKvi elg `~i Ki mgZv weavbi myhvM mw| wj, ag, eY, RvwZ, ckvMZ I A_bwZK elg `~i Kivi
j GKxf~Z wkvq iZ c` vb|5.17 wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi cqvm|5.18 cwZ wcwiqWi evw ew, AavqwfwK wcwiqW wbaviY, wkvel Kgw`emi msLv ew|5.19 RvZxq w`emmg~n zj Lvjv iL w`em D`hvcbi ee v ceZb|5.20 avivevwnK g~jvqbi (MVbKvjxb g~jvqb) gvag wkLb y`ejZv wPwZ Ki wbivgqg~jK mevi gvag wkLb wbwZKiY|5.21 cPwjZ eenvwiK cixvi msvi mvabi gvag AwZwi bi c` vbi myhvM e Kiv|5.22 mvgwK g~jvqb/mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv cwZi msvi|6. wkvg iciLv6.1 l-v`k kwYi wkvi j I Dk
jwkv_xi mvweK weKvki gvag gvbweK, mvgvwRK I bwZK Ymb vbx, `, hywev`x I mRbkxj `kcwgK Rbm`mw|
6.2 Dk6.2.1 wkv_xi my cwZfv I mvebv weKvki gvag mRbkxjZv, Kbv I Abymwrmv ewZ mnvqZv Kiv|6.2.2 wkv_xi ga gvbweK Yvewj, hgb- bwZK g~jeva, mZZv, Aaemvq, mwnyZv, kLjv, AvZwekvm, m`vPvi, Abi
cwZ kveva, bv`wbKZveva, mnv ` c~Y mK I bvqwePvieva my `pfve Mw_Z Kiv|6.2.3 gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, gywhyi PZbv I Amvc` vwqK g~jevai AvjvK wkv_xi ga `kcg, RvZxqZveva I
MYZvwK g~jeva RvMZ Kiv Ges mvebvgq bvMwiK wnmve eo DVZ mnvqZv Kiv|6.2.4 wkv_xi ga evsjv`k mK mymsnZ vbi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ, Av_-mvgvwRK I
MYZvwK ivRbwZKPPvi cwZ AvMn I hvMZv mwi gvag ewkK cvcU `ki cMwZ I Dbqb Ae`vb ivLZmg Ki Mo Zvjv|
6.2.5 kgi ghv`v, KvRi Afvm I KvR KiZ AvMnx nIqvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve weKwkZ Kiv hvZ wkv_x ewMZGes `jMZ Dfq aibi KvR mv`b bwZKZv I `vwqZkxjZvi cwiPq w`Z cvi|
6.2.6 mKj KvhKi hvMvhvM ivq wkv_xi cwgZ evsjv fvlvi `Zv my`p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvfvmMo Zvjv|
6.2.7 evsjv mvwnZi AwbwnZ bv`wbK m`h, kLjv Ges mL DcfvM I D`NvUb wkv_xi hvMZv weKwkZ Kiv|6.2.8 AvaywbK Kg, DPwkvmn mKj KvhKi hvMvhvMi cqvRb BsiwR fvlvi gwjK `Zvmg~n ARbi
gvag wkv_xK hvM Ki Mo Zvjv|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 8
6.2.9 wkv_xK MvwYwZK hyw, cwZ I `Zvi mv_ cwiwPZ Kivbv Ges RxebNwb I weki cvwicvwkK mgmv mgvavbiRb MwYZi cvqvwMK `Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.10 wkv_xK chywi cwZ AvMnx Ki Zvjv Ges Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi AvZwekvmx, Drcv`bkxj GesmRbkxj wnmve Zwi Kiv|
6.2.11 wkv_x hvZ Rxebgvb Dbqbi Rb RxebNwb wewfb mgmv Abymvb I mgvavb evwbK cwqv I cwZ cqvMKiZ cvi m j evwbK `wfw I hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.12 `k Ges ewnweki cvKwZK I mvgvwRK cwiek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZbi Dci iZvivc Ki cwiekMZ Dcv`vbmK wkv_x`i cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv_ mswk mKji KjvYi Rb H mKj Dcv`vbK wbqY I eenvi KivihvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.13 Lv` I cyw, kvixwiK mgZv, ivM-evwa, cRbb v^ Ges ewMZ wbivcv BZvw`i Dci iZvivc Kiwkv_xK ^v mZ Rxebhvcbi cqvRbxq vb, Rxeb`Zv I `wfw ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.14 wkv_xi gb wbR wbR agxq wekvm I g~jeva RvMZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab ag I agvejx^`i cwZ kvkxj nZmnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.15 wkv_xi ga evOvwj Ges z` RvwZ-Mvxi bvix-cyil, eY, Mv, fvlv, mswZ, wewfb kwY I ckvi gvbyli cwZvZZ I kveva mw Kiv|
6.2.16 wkv_xi `wnK I gvbwmK weKvki j mnwkvwgK Kvhvewj- Ljvayjv, kixiPPv, mvs wZK KgKv, Pvi I KviKjvAbykxjbi wbqwgZ Af vm Mo Zvjv|
6.2.17 Rxebevcx wkvq AvMnx I hvM Kivi Rb wkv_xi ewMZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg Ges ^-Kgms vbiRb cqvRbxq vb, `Zv I `wfw my `p Kiv|
6.2.18 mnhvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gvag wkv_xi bZZ, mnhvwMZv I hvMvhvM `Zv weKvk mg Kiv|6.2 welq KvVvgv
l, mg I Ag kwYi welq KvVvgv, b^i I mgq ebmKj avivi AvewkK welq(mvaviY wkv, gv `vmv wkv I BsiwR wkv aviv)
cixvibi^
mgqeb(Kvm wcwiqW)
mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK1. evsjv 150 5 87 1742. BsiwR 150 5 87 1743. MwYZ 100 4 70 1404. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 53 1065. wevb 100 4 70 1406. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 35 70
7.gvU 650 23 402 804
mvaviY wkv avivi AvewkK welqag I bwZK wkv:Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn y`ag I bwZK wkv/ wLag I bwZK wkv/eag I bwZK wkv
100 3 53 106
8. kvixwiK wkv I ^v 50 2 35 709. Kg I RxebgyLx wkv 50 2 35 7010. Pvi I KviKjv 50 2 35 70
gvU 250 9 158 316mvaviY avivi HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)
11. z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/Aviwe/msZ/cvwj 100 2 35 70megvU 1000 34 595 1190
`e: c_g wcwiqWi evw 60wgwbU I Abvb wcwiqWi evw 50wgwbU| kwbevi _K eyaevi cwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges enwZevi 4wcwiqW| `wbK cviwK mgvek (Assembly) Gi gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci gav weiwZi evw 45wgwbU| `yB wkdU cwiPvwjZ cwZvb me 5wgwbU Ki mgq Kg ne Ges gav weiwZi evw 25wgwbU|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 9
6.3mvaviY wkv avivi beg I `kg kwYi welq-KvVvgv, bi^ I mgq ebwelqi aib welq cixvi
bi^mgqeb
(Kvm wcwiqW)mvvwnK mvgwqK evwlK
AvewkK
1. evsjv 200 5 80 1602. BsiwR 200 5 80 1603. MwYZ 100 4 64 1284. ag I bwZK wkv
(Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn y`ag I bwZK wkv/wLag I bwZK wkv / eag I bwZK wkv)
100 2 32 64
5. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 50 2 32 646. Kvwiqvi wkv 50 1 16 327. kvixwiK wkv, ^v wevb I Ljvayjv 100 2 32 64
gvU 800 21 336 672kvLvwfwK welqwevb kvLviRb AvewkK
welq
8. c`v_wevb 100 3 54 1089. imvqb 100 3 54 10810.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ 100 3 54 10811.evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 100 3 54 108
wevb kvLviHwQK welq(GKwU bIqv
hve)
12.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ/ z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/f~Mvj I cwiek/Pvi IKviKjv/msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*
100 3 54 108
megvU 1300 36 606 1212eemvq wkvkvLvi Rb
AvewkK welq
8. eemvq D`vM 100 3 54 1089. wnmvewevb 100 3 54 10810.wdbv I evswKs 100 3 54 10811.wevb 100 3 54 108
eemvq wkvkvLvi HwQK
welq(GKwU bIqv
hve)
12.f~Mvj I cwiek/ evsjv`k I wekcwiPq/Kwlwkv/Mvn wevb/ z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/Pvi I KviKjv/ msMxZ/ewmK UW
100 3 54 108
megvU 1300 36 606 1212gvbweK kvLviRb AvewkK
welq
8. evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv 100 3 54 1089. f~Mvj I cwiek 100 3 54 10810. A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv 100 3 54 10811. wevb 100 3 54 108
gvbweK kvLviHwQK welq(GKwU bqv
hve)
12.A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pvi IKviKjv/Kwlwkv /Mvn wevb/z` bMvxi fvlv ImswZ/ Aviwe/msZ/cvwj/ msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*
100 3 54 108
megvU 1300 36 606 1212`e: wevb, gvbweK I eemvq wkv kvLv _K hKvbv GKwU kvLv wbevPb Ki wbevwPZ kvLvi AvewkK welqmg~n wbZ
ne| mvn 6w`b `wbK 6wcwiqW AbywZ ne| wcwiqWi evw I Abvb welq l _K Ag kwYi Abyic ne|* kvixwiK wkv I xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK
welq wnmve wbZ cvie|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 10
6.4 GKv`k-v`k kwYi welqKvVvgv (ay 2013-2014 wkveli Rb chvR)
2013 - 2014 wkveli Rb RvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi GKv`k I v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv wbic :1. wkv_x wbi hKvbv GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ cvie| kvLvmg~n nQ -
K. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv O. Mvn wevb Ges P. msMxZ2. mKj kvLvi AvewkK welq 1. evsjv (cyivZb wkvg) 2. BsiwR (cyivZb wkvg) 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~n wbic -
kvLv kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)wevb 4. c`v_wevb
5. imvqb6. Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ
7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) cKkj AsKb I IqvKkc c vKwUm(cyivZb wkvg), (R)*xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwciwkv_x`i Rb
gvbweK hKvbv wZbwU welq :4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ5. cibxwZ I mykvmb6. A_bxwZ7. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg8. fMvj9. hywwe`v
10. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v, (O)mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) BwZnvm, (R) Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ(S) Bmjvg wkv, (T) gbvwevb, (U) cwimsLvb, (V) b-wevb (bZzbwkvg cYqb mvc) (W) Kwlwkv (X) Mvn A_bxwZ (cyivZbwkvg), (Y) Pviy I KviyKjv (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) bvUKjv (cyivZbwkvg), (_) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (`) Aviwe A_ev cvwj A_evmsZ (cyivZb wkvg), (a) jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg), (b) DPZiMwYZ, (c) *xov (cyivZb wkvg) ay weKGmwci wkv_x`i Rb
eemvqwkv
4. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv5. wnmvewevb6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv A_ev
Drcv`b eevcbv I wecYb
7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b ee vcbv I wecYb, (M),cwimsLvb, (N) fMvj, (O) A_bxwZ, (P) Kwlwkv, (Q) Mvn A_bxwZ(cyivZb wkvg), (R) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm ee vcbv (2015-16wkvel ch Pje)
Bmjvgwkv
4. Bmjvg wkv5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkvg)
7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvn wevb(cyivZb wkvg), (O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ
Mvn A_bxwZ
4. mvaviY wevb Ges Lv` I cyw wevb5. eenvwiK wkKjv Ges e I cvlvK wk6. Mn eevcbv I wkeaY Ges cvwievwiK mK(cyivZb wkvg)
7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N) mgvRKg,(O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q)msMxZ jNy/DPv(cyivZb wkvg), (R)mvwPweKwe`v I Awdm ee vcbv Ges (T) Bmjvg wkv
msMxZ 4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)5. DPv msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_evBwZnvm
7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N) hywwe`v,(O) Mvn A_bxwZ (cyivZb wkvg), (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg
* BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| ZgwbfvemgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK welq wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB mAvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|
* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie| mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bi^ ne 200| ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bi^ ne 100| mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU| Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU| cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU| GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv| h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski
wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcy K mfveB cYxZ ne| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcy K RvZxq wkvg I
cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 11
6.5 RvZxq wkvg 2012 Abymvi GKv`k-v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv (2014-2015 wkvel nZ KvhKi ne)
1. wkv_xK wbi hKvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ ne| kvLvmg~n nQK. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv kvLv O. Mvn wevb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Rb AvewkK welq 1. evsjv 2. BsiwR 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~n-kvLv kvLvwfwK AvewkK wZbwU welq kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)
wevb 4. c`v_wevb5. imvqb6. Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ
7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) gwKvwevb, (R) cKkj AsKb IIqvKkc c vKwUm (cyivZb wkvKg), (S)*xov (cyivZb wkvg),
gvbweK 4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm ImswZ
5. cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_bxwZ A_evhywwe`v
6. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg A_ev fMvj
7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v,(O) mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) Bmjvg wkv, (R) gbvwevb,(S) cwimsLvb, (T) b-wevb (bZzb wkvg cYqb mvc) (U)Kwlwkv (V) Mvn wevb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvUKjv (cyivZbwkvg), (Y) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwjA_ev msZ (cyivZb wkvg), (_) *xov (cyivZb wkvg)
eemvqwkv
4. eemvq msMVb I ee vcbv5. wnmvewevb6. wdbv, evswKs I wegv, A_ev Drcv`b
ee vcbv I wecYb
7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b ee vcbv I wecYb, (M)UzwiRg G nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m` Dbqb (bZzb wkvgcYqb mvc), (O) cwimsLvb, (P) fMvj, (Q) A_bxwZ, (R)Kwlwkv, (S) Mvn wevb, (T) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm ee vcbv(2015-16 wkvel ch)
Bmjvgwkv
4. Bmjvg wkv5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ6. Aviwe
7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvn wevb,(O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ
Mvn wevb 4. wki weKvk5. Lv` I cyw6. Mn ee vcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb
7. (K) wkKjv I e cwiQ`, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N)mgvRKg, (O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb
mxZ 4. jNy mxZ5. DPv mxZ6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N)hywwe`v, (O) Mvn wevb, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg
* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie| BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| Zgwbfve
mgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB mAvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|
mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y bi^ ne 200| ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y bi^ ne 100| mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU| Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU| cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU| GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv| h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski wkLb-
kLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcy K mfveB cYxZ ne| RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcy K RvZxq wkvg I
cvVcy K evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 12
7. wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkjwkvgi myz evevqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiY A_vr wkLbdj ARb cavbZ `ywU welqi Dci wbfikxj|mePq iZc~YwU nQ kwYwkKi mwq mnhvwMZv I h_vchy wkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkji myy cqvM GeswZxqwU nQ gvbmZ cvVcyK I Abvb wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi| Dfq B wkKi f~wgKv AZ iZc~Y|GK K_vq wkv_xi wkLb wbwZKiYi wkKi Pq Dg Avi wKQy bB| GLvb weklfve DjL, AbK KwVbI RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb AbK kg I mgq cqvRb Zv h_vwPZ cwZ I Kkj cqvM mnR I Kg mgq mwVKfvemb Kiv me| wkv_xi wkLbi I G wbqg chvR| wkK c~ec wZ wbq Kg cwikg Ges AcvKZ Kgmgq h_vh_ cwZ I Kkj cqvM wkv_xi wkLbdj ARb wbwZ KiZ cvib|
7.1 wkv_xi wkLb wbwZ Kivi weeP welq7.1.1 wkLb-kLvbv cwqvq wkv_xi mwqZv LyeB iZc~Y| mwqZvi `ywU -gvbwmK mwqZv I `wnK mwqZv|
gvbwmK mwqZv A_vr wkYxq welq wkv_xi wPb cwqv Dx Kiv| Ggb mgmv, ck ev KvR `Iqv hvi mgvavbwPv Ki ei KiZ nq| `wnK mwqZv njv nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLv| wkv jvf cwqvq wkv_xK mwq ivLvMj Kg mgq I mnR wkLb me|
7.1.2 gvbyl GK aibi KvR `xN mgq gbvhvM w`Z cvi bv| wk`i gbvhvM `Iqvi evw eq`i Pq Kg|wewfb MelYvq `Lv MQ, 12 _K 16 eQi eqmx wk`i G evw 8 _K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbfi KiKvRwU KZUv AvKlYxq Ges Avb``vqK Zvi Dci| AZGe kwY Kvhg ne ewPc~Y| AvjvPbv, `jMZ KvR, M,jLv, AuvKv, weZK, Awfbq, nvZ-Kjg KvR, ckvi, c` kb BZvw` cvVi mv_ mwZ iL cqvM Kiv nj wkv_xigbvhvM ai ivLv me|
7.1.3 cZK ewB Z^ (every individual is a unique)| wkv_x`i Zv ewk weePbvi `vwe ivL| cZKwkv_x Zvi wbRi gZv Ki wbR MwZZ kL| ZvB ew^vZ i K_v weePbvq iL h_vme wkv_xi DchvMxDcvq mnhvwMZv `Iqv nj wkv_xi c wkvjvf mnR nq|
7.1.4 wkvK ejv nq eK cwqv| eKi Dci eK vcb Ki weivU BgviZ Zwi Kiv nq| GKBfve Rvbv AwfZv, vb I`Zvi Dci wfw Ki bZzb vb, `Zv I g~jeva ARb mnR mnvqZv `Iqv hvq| ZvB wkv_xi Rxeb _K Dcgv,D`vniY w`q Ges c~ej vb, `Zvi mv_ mshvM vcb Ki bZzb vb, `Zv ARb mnvqZv Kiv nj wkv jvfmnR nq|
7.1.5 wkv_xiv hv wkLe Zv eyS wkLe| Kvbv welq mK my aviYv jvf Kie| bv eyS gyL Kiv h_v_ wkv bq|GZ wkLbi mvjb nq bv| eyS wkLj ev Kvbv mgmv mgvavbi hyw I cwZ eyS cqvM Kij Abyic mgmvimgvavb wkv_x wbRB KiZ cvi| ZvB wkLbi Rb gyLi Pq eySvi Dci iZ `Iqv cqvRb|
7.1.6 wkv jvf h_vh_ wkvcKiYi mwVK eenvi AZ iZc~Y| me welqB Kg-ewk wkvcKiY eenvii myhvMAvQ| wkvcKiYi mvnvh RwUj I weg~Z welqK mnR I g~Z Ki Dcvcb Ki welqwUK aviYv `Iqv hvq|GKwU QvU MvQ kwYZ c` kb Ki MvQi wewfb Ask ev gvwwgwWqvq m~hMnY `Lvj hZ mnR mwVK aviYv jvf meAb Kvbvfve Zv me bq| gvwwgwWqv eenvii myhvM bv _vKj P`, cw_ex I m~hi Awfbq ev PvU eenvi Kivhvq|
7.1.7 wkLbK vqxKiYi Rb cqvRb Abykxjbi eev| bZzbfve AwRZ vb, `Zv evievi Abykxjb Kiv nj GKw`Khgb wkLb vqx nq, Abw`K wkLb mvjbi myhvM mw nq|
7.1.8 wkv ARbi wkv_xi cwZ wkKi mnvbyf~wZc~Y AvPiY LyeB iZc~Y| wkK-wkv_xi mK Ggb ne hbwkv_x ay jLvcov welqK mgmv bq, Zvi h Kvbv ewMZ, cvwievwiK mgmv webv msKvP wkKi mv_ AvjvPbvKi| wkK mgmv mgvavb civgk w`eb Ges mvagZ mnvqZv Kieb| wkK-wkv_xi gvS Kvbv `qvj _vKe bv|mK ne mn-kvi Ges LyeB Nwb I AvwiK|
7.1.9 wkKi wekvm _vKZ ne h, Zuvi mKj wkv_xB kLvi mvg_ mb| mevi kLvi Dcvq I MwZi ga cv_K _vKZcvi, Ze Dchy cwiek I mnhvwMZv cj mevB kL| Kvb wkv_xi cwZ wkKi bwZevPK gbvfve _vKj HwkK _K wkv_xi DcKZ nIqvi mvebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cwZwU wkv_xi cwZ wkKi DP aviYv _vKv evbxq|Kvb wkv_xK KLbI Zvi gv_vq Mvei, ZvK w`q wKQyB ne bv, Mvav, Ac`v_ BZvw` Kvbv aibi bwZevPKev wbirmvng~jK K_v ejv hve bv| eZ eenvi ev Kvbv cKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw c` vb wkv jvfi AivqGes ivxq AvBb kvwhvM Aciva| fq-fxwZ bv `wLq eis Drmvn c` vb Kiv nj wkv_xi kLvi AvMn AbKUvBeo hvq|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 13
8. wkLb gZev`8.1 wkv wevbi AZ iZc~Y welq wkLb gZev`| `xNw`b ai _bWvBKi cPv I fyj mskvab gZev` (Trail and
Error Theory of Thorndike); cfjfi DxcK I cwZwqvwfwK mvc cwZeZev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory ofPavlov); Kvnjvi I KvdKvii mgMZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkLbi AbymZ nq AvmQ| eqmf` wk`i AeaviYgZv wfb G welq Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wkvwevb mwekl Ae`vb iL PjQ| G gZev`AeaviY gZv ev mvg_i ZviZg Abymvi 1 _K 16 eQi eqmi wk RxebK PviwU i fvM Kiv nqQ| fvMjvnQ (K) 0-2 eQi mse`b mvjbi i (L) 2-7 eQi cvK-KvhKi i (M) 7-11 eQi ev e KvhKi i Ges (N) 11-16eQi AvbyvwbK KvhKi i| wkvg Dbqb I wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvq wki AeaviY gZv ev mvg_ i welqweePbvq ivLv LyeB iZc~Y| Kvb eqmi wk KZUzKz aviY KiZ cvi ev Kvb eqm Kx Kx aibi weg~Z aviYv jvfKiZ mg m mK my aviYv _vKv AZvekK| wkLbi DwjwLZ cZKwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wK eZgvb wekmevwaK AvjvP wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb mwKZ hv MVbev` bvg cwiwPZ|
8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)wkv_x wKfve kL G mK wkv gbvwevbx`i AevnZ cPvi dj D~Z mevaywbK Z nQ MVbev`| jvwUbk Constrvere _K Construct kwUi Drcw hvi A_ webvm Kiv ev MVb `Iqv| ZvB G Zi g~jK_v njv aviYvMVbB wkLb| cwZ gyn~Z Bw`q Mvn Z_ viv Avgv`i wPbi ga h wbqwgZ MVb Ges cwieZb nQ Zvi gvagBwkLb cwqv NU| cZK wkv_x wbRi AwfZv Ges cvwicvwkKZv Abyavb Ki wbRi gZv GKKfve bZzb vb IaviYv MVb Ki| ew bZzb wKQyi myLxb nj m GUvK Zvi c~ej vb I AwfZvi AvjvK hvPvB Ki MnY Ki|GfveB ew bZzb aviYv ev vb ARb Ki| hvPvBq bZzb welqK Aevi gb nj GUvK m evwZj Ki `q|wkLbi Jerome Bruner cwiek I fvlv weKvki Dci ewk cvavb w`qQb| Zuvi gZ, vbweKvki cwieki f~wgKv ewk Ges vbweKvki wewfb i wk vbi AvIZvfz wewfb mgmvi mgvavb wewfbfve `q| GUvwbfi Ki wki c~e AwfZv I vbi Dci|David Jonassen gb Kib MVbev` wkKi f~wgKv ne bZzb aviYv MVb wkv_xK mnvqZv Kiv| ay Z I Z_mieivn Kiv bq| wkK mgmv-mgvavb ev Abymvbi wb `kbv w`eb, wkv_xiv hvZ wbRivB AbywgZ aviYv Zwi Icixv Ki wmv wbZ cvi Ges `jMZ wkLb cwiek Ab`iK Zv RvbvZ cvi| G cwqvq vb jvfi gvagwkv_xiv wKfve DcKZ nQ Zv D`NvUb KiZ wkK wkv_x`i DrmvwnZ Kib| Jonassen AviI gb Kib h,wkv_xiv wbRiv wbR`iK ck Ki Ges Zv`i eeZ cwZ Kkji h_v_Zv hvPvB Ki wbRivB g gAwf wkv_xZ cwiYZ nq, wKfve wkLZ nq (How to learn) Zv Zviv Avq Ki dj| Gfve Zviv Rxebevcxwkv_xZ (Life-long learners) cwiYZ nq|MVbev`wfwZ wkvgi webvm ne kwLj (spiral)| G ee vq wkv_x AwRZ aviYv, vb I `wfwi Dci wfwKi gvMZfve bZzb bZyb aviYv, vb I `wfw ARb Kie|David Jonassen Gi gZvbymvi MVbev`x kwYK wkLb ne- MwVZ (Constructed) : wkv_xiv Zv`i c~evb, aviYv I AwfZvi mv_ bZzb vb I AwfZvi mg^q Ki Abyavbi
gvag wbRi gvS bZzb aviYv MVb Kie| mwq (Active) : wkv_xiv wbRivB wbR`i aviYv mw Kie| wkK Zv`iK cqvRbxq wb `kbv w`eb Ges
wkv_x`iK cixv KiZ, DcKiYvw` eenvi KiZ, ck KiZ I cPv PvjvZ myhvM Ki w`eb|wkv_x`iK wbR`i j I Kgcv wbaviY mnvqZv w`eb|
8. wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq cwZ I Kkjwkv_xi wkLb AbKvsk wbfi Ki wkK KZK cwiPvwjZ cwZ I Kkji Dci| wkv_x`i gZv I ceYZvGes cvVi ewki wfwZ cwZ I Kkj wbevPb Kiv cqvRb| cwZ I Kkj mwVK nj Ges h_vh_fvecqvM Kiv nj wkv_x mnR wkLZ cvi| GLvb KqKwU cwZ I Kkji msw cwiPq `Iqv njv|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 14
8.1 ck-Di cwZ (Question-Answer Method)ck-Di GKwU ej cPwjZ I KvhKi cwZ| G cwZi mwVK cqvMi gvag wkv_xK mwq iL wkLbmnhvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfb Dk ck Kiv nq _vK| kLvi Rb ck, wkLbdj ARb cwigvci Rb ck, Kvb weklKgi DchvwMZv hvPvB Kivi Rb ck, BZvw` ek KqKwU aib iqQ|
8.2 ck Kivi ixwZ mg kwYK Dk Ki ck Kiv| c_g Kvbv wkv_xK wbw` Ki ZvK ck Kiv nj kwYi Ab wkv_xiv
wbwq _vK, AgbvhvMx nZ cvi| mevBK mwq ivLvi Rb mg kwYK ck KiZ nq| wPv Ki Di wVK Kivi Rb wKQyUv mgq `Iqv| Di `vb kLjv eRvq ivLv| Di`vb mg wkv_xiv nvZ DVve| mevi GKmv_ Di `Iqvi Afvm ZvM
KivZ ne| wkv_xK wbw ` Ki Di w`Z ejv| GKB wkv_xK evi evi Di `Iqvi myhvM bv w`q chvqg mevBK
myhvM `Iqv| cqvRb Di`vb BwZ w`q mnvqZv Kiv| Di mwVK bv nj Ab wkv_xK Di w`Z ejv| mwVK Di cybivew Kiv| Gici c~e nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wkv_xK GKB cki Di w`Z ejv| cqvRb Abymvbx ck (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cki Di _K h ck RvM ZvK Abymvbx ck ejv
nq|8.2.1 cki aib
cki fvlv ne mnR I kwY DchvMx| ck ne wkv_xi wPv DxcK I ciYv mwKvix| Kb, wKfve, KviY Kx, evLv Ki, weklY Ki, Zzjbv Ki
BZvw` viv ck Kiv nj wPv Ki Di ei KiZ nq| hme cki Di nu v ev bv Ggb ck bv KivB fvj| wZ wbfi ck hgb Kx, K, Kv_vq, KqwU ev KvK ej
BZ vw` ck hZUv me cwinvi Kiv| chvqg Ggbfve ck Kiv hb ckmg~ni Di _K welqe mK aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cqvRb
ckvii gvS gvS AvjvPbv Kiv| Abymvbg~jK ck (probing question) A_vr GKwU cki Di _K D~Z ck Ki welqi c~YZv Avbv cqvRb|
hgb-g~j ck : we`vjq wkv_x`i Mo Dcw wZ KZ?Di : mvaviY mgq 85%, wekl mgq 50%Abymvbg~jK ck : wekl mgq Kg Kb?Di : avb ivcY I avb KvUvi gmyg Qjgq`i AbK KwlKvR AwffveKK mnvqZv Ki ZvB Zvivwe`vjq Avm bv|
8.2.2 wkKi KiYxq mwVK Dii Rb wkv_xK Drmvn c` vb fyj Dii Rb wb `kbv I wkLZ AbyciYv `Iqv mwVK Dii cm Ub AvjvPbvi gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv wkv_xK ck KiZ myhvM `Iqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wkv_xi cki Di `Iqv|
9. `jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK wkv cwZ`jMZ mnhvwMZvg~jK cwZ GKwU mdj wkLbcwZ| G cwZZ GKB eqtgi ev GKB chvqi wkv_xivcii wg_wqvi gvag wkv jvf Ki| G wkKi f~wgKv civ wK iZc~Y| `jMZ KvRi gvagcwZwU wkv_xi ay vb-`ZvB ew cvq bv, mv_ mv_ ek wKQy gvbweK Yvewji weKvk NU| K_v kvbvi I K_vejvi kLjv AbymiY, cigZ mwnzZv, bZZ, mgSvZv BZvw` Yvewji weKvk NU|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 15
9.1 `j MVbwewfbfve `j MVb Kiv hvq| mg-mvg_ i wkv_x`i `j, wgk mvg_ i wkv_x`i `j, welqwfwK `j,AjwfwK `j BZvw`| AbK wgk mvg_ `ji myweav Ab`i Pq wKQyUv ewk| cwZ cvVi Rb ev cwZwelqi Rb bZzb Ki `j MVb KiZ Mj AbK mgq jvM| ZvB kwYwkK (whwb c_g wcwiqW Kvm bb) `jMVb Kieb| cqvRb GK gvm Ai Ai bZzb Ki `j MVb Kieb| GZ wkv_x`i wg_wqvi cwimi ewcvq| GKB kwYi wewfb welqi wkKMY kwYwkK KZK MwVZ `jjvKB `jMZ KvR wbqvwRZ Kieb|cwZwU `ji AvKvi 6Rb _K 8Rb nj fvj, Ze 10Rbi ewk nIqv evbxq bq| cZK `ji GKwU Ki bvg_vKj myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bvg `ji bvg ivLv hvq|
9.1.1 `jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm`jMZ KvRi Avmb webvm Ggb ne hvZ `ji mKj wkv_x gyLvgywL emZ cvi| kwYKi AvKvi eo njGes chv Avmevec _vKj, cwZ `j Mvj Uweji Pvicvk eme| Gic Avmevec bv _vKj cvKv gSZgv`yiI Mvj nq emZ cvi| bZzev c_g ei wkv_xiv Nyi wZxq ei gyLvgywL eme, Gfve ZZxq eNyi PZz_ ei gyLvgywL| G cwZ `ji wkv_x`iK ci ci y`e emZ ne| wkK `jMZ KvR eywSq`Iqvi mv_ mv_B `jefve em `jMZ KvR i KiZ ne| Avmevec UvbvUvwb Ki mgq b Kiv hve bv|
9.1.2 `jMZ KvR Kivi cwqv `j fvM nIqvi AvMB mgeZ Kvm wkK Ki `jMZ KvR eywSq w` eb| wkK `ji GKRbK GKwU KvRi Rb `jbZv gbvbqb w`eb| chvqg `ji cZKK `jbZvi `vwqZ
w`eb| wkv_xiv `j fvM nq eme| `ji cZK welqwU wbq wPv Kie| Zvici AvjvPbv i Kie| GKRb K_v
ejvi mgq Abiv gb w`q be| K_vi gvS KD K_v eje bv| Ze AvjvPbv Ah_v `xN ev cm ewnf~Z nj`jbZv f`fve wbqY Kie|
`ji cZK AvjvPbvq AskMnY Kie| AvjvPbvi gvag Z, Z_, hyw Dc vcb I hyw Lb Kie| Kviv K_v AcQ` nj ev gbtcyZ bv nj ah ai bZ ne, ci hyw w`q Lb Kiv hve, ivM Kiv ev Akvfb
AvPiY Kiv hve bv| Rvi Ki Ab`i Dci wbRi gZvgZ Pvwcq `Iqvi Pv Kiv hve bv| AvjvPbvi djvdj `ji wmv wnmve wjLZ ne Ges mevBK gb wbZ ne| cieZxZ mgeZ Kvm wkKi wb `kvbymvi H AvjvPbvi `jbZv `ji cwZe`b Dc vcb Kie| Ab `ji ck
_vKj `ji c h Kvbv GKRb Di w` e| `jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq Kvbv gZvbK ev mgmv `Lv w`j `jbZv nvZ Zzj wkKi wb `kbv PvBe|
9.1.3 `jMZ KvRi aib`jMZ KvR cavbZ Abymvbg~jK ev mgmvwfwK ne| `jMZ KvRi welq wPv DxcK, mRbkxj I weklYagxne| mvaviY Z, Z_ ev vbg~jK Rvbvi welq `jMZ AvjvPbvi welq nq bv| ZvZ Abymvb ev wPv DxcK wKQy_vK bv|
9.1.4 `jMZ KvRi KqKwU D`vniYK. evsjv`k _K wewfb cRvwZi cvwL gvMZ wejy nIqvi KviY I Zv`i ivi Dcvq Abymvb|L. Mvgi wbii gvbylK ^v mPZb Kivi wkv_x`i KiYxq wbaviY|M. cixYi gvag wewfb cKvi gvwUi ewk wPwZKiY|N. evsjv`ki wk`i AwaKvi ivq miKvi, mgvR I AwffveKi KiYxq wbaviY|O. GKwU AbyQ`i mvigg D`&NvUb|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 16
9.1.5 `jMZ KvRi welq wnmve mwVK bqK. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~ni bvgL. evsjv`ki f~-cKwZi eYbvM. mvK `kmg~ni ivRavbx, RbmsLv I gv_vwcQy AvqN. cigvYyi MVb eYbvO. Z_ AwaKvi AvBb eYbv
9.1.6 `jMZ KvRi gvag wkLb y`ejZvi Aemvbwkv_x`i KD KD wewfb KviY wbavwiZ wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi bv| avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkLb`yejZvmb wkv_x`i wPwZ Ki Zv`i Rb wekl `jMZ KvRi eev Kiv hvq| G GKB kwYi GKRbwkLbdj ARbKvix PKm wkv_xK `jbZv wnmve `ji Ab`iK wkLb mnhvwMZv Kivi `vwqZ `Iqv nq|wkK `jbZvK c~eB cqvRbxq wb `kbv w`q `b| mgchvqi wkv_x viv Ab wkv_x`iK wkLb mnhvwMZv`IqvK Peer Learning ejv nq|
9.1.7 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkKi KiYxq`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wkK Nyi Nyi cZK `ji KvR cheY Kieb| hLvb hLb cqvRb wb `kbv ImnvqZv w`eb| cieZxZ `jMZ KvR Dc vcbi mgq fyj-vw ev Am~YZv _vKj awiq w`eb|
10. c` kb cwZ (Demonstration Method)c` kb cwZi g~jK_v njv Kvbv wKQy `wLq GwU mK aviYv jvf wkv_x`iK mnvqZv Kiv| Kvbv wKQyDc vcb ay eYbv ev AvjvPbvq mxgve bv _K Zv `Lvbv nj aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges GZ wkv_x`i AvMnI Drmvn ew cvq| G cwZZ cvVi welq mswk ev e e ev cZfve cwqv `wLq eYbv, AvjvPbv ev ck-Dii gvag aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv nq| hgb- GKwU Rev dzji Askjv `wLq dzji Askjvi mKaviYv ARb mnvqZv Kiv; kwYK wkv_x`i mvgb hcvwZ mshvRb Ki ` vi mv_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmWwgwkq nvBWvRb c Z Ki `Lvbv BZvw`|AbK ev e e ev NUbv mivmwi `Lvbv me nq bv| m Aaev ei mvnvh aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kivhvq| hgb- P` ev m~hMnY mK aviYv jvfi Rb kwYK wmwW ev wWwfwWi gvag gvwwgwWqvq cw_ex IPuv`i wbR wbR Kc_ N~Yb `wLq MnY NUvi welqwU cwivi Kiv hvq| cRi ev gvwwgwWqv bv _vKj PvUigvag `Lvbv hvq| ivj-c cwZZI kLvbv hvq| wekl wkv_x`iK kwYKi evBi wbq ev eNUbv cZfve `wLq wkv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- f~wgqi KviYjv cZ `Lvbv hvq| me njHwZnvwmK vb wbq wewfb wb`kb `wLq I eYbv Ki aviYv jvf mnvqZv Kiv hvq| hgb- Kzwgjvi KvUevwokvjeb wenvi cwi`kb wbq ZrKvjxb emfZv mK RvbZ mvnvh Kiv|c` kb cwZZ wkv_x`i Abymwrmv ew cvq| mnR mwVK aviYv jvf KiZ cvi| wkLb AcvKZ `xN vqxnq| c` kb cwZZ j ivLZ ne hb me wkv_x `LZ cvq|
11. Abymvbg~jK KvRi aibAbymvbg~jK KvR g~jZ KgKw`K cwZ| wWDBi mwqZv Zi wfwZ cwiPvwjZ G cwZZ wkv_xivGKKfve ev `jMZfve wbR`i cPvq wbqgZvwK cwZZ wkv jvf Ki _vK| G cwZZ wkv_x Kvbvwelq ev NUbv ev mgmvi KviY, djvdj, cwZwqv BZvw` D`&NvUb Ki| bw_c chvjvPbv, cwi`kb, cheY,mvvrKvi MnY bvbvfve Abymvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|| D`vniY- hyemgvRi AvKvk mswZi cwZ ceYZv ewi KviY I djvdj wk Aj evqy ~`lYi KviY I djvdj Lv` Drcv`b AwZgvvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK `e eenvii cwZwqv|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 17
12. Abymvbg~jK cwZZ wkLb cwqvcZKwU Abymvbi Rb GKwU welq ev mgmv wbevPb KiZ nq| G cwZZ hveZxq Kvhg cavbZ cuvPwU chvqcwiPvwjZ nq| chvqjv nQ-K. mgmv/Dk wbaviYL. cwiKbv cYqbM. Z_ msMnN. Z_ weklYO. cwZe`b cYqbme c_g Kvhgi mgmv wPwZ Kiv ev Dk wbaviY KiZ nq| wZxq chvq mgM Kvhgi Rb cwiKbv cYqbKiZ nq| Dk ARbi Rb Kx Kx KiZ ne, KvbwU wKfve, Kx w`q, KLb KiZ ne-G meB cwiKbvq _vK|Z_ msMn Abymvbg~jK KvRi GKwU iZc~Y i| cvBgvwi ev mKvwi Drm nZ Z_ msMn KiZ ne| PZy_chvq Z_ weklY I djvdj cYqb KiZ ne| mekl wkv_x m~Y Abymvbg~jK KvRi Dci GKwU cwZe`bcYqb Kie|
13. wkLb- kLvbv Kvhg mK KqKwU K_vwkLb-kLvbv cwZ I Kkj AbK aibi| Gi KqKwU wkKKw `K Ges KqKwU wkv_xKw `K| wkLb-kLvbvcwqvq wkv_xi mwq AskMnY wkvjvf mnvqK| me cwZiB Kgewk myweav I Amyweav AvQ| Ggb Kvbv cwZev Kkj bB hwU mKj wkv_xi Rb mgfve DchvMx ev me aibi welqe i Rb DchvMx| wkKi wewfb cwZI Kkji Dci `Zv Ges kwY I cvV DchvMx cwZ I Kkji h_vh_ cqvMi Dci wbfi Ki wkv_xi wkLbmvdj| Ggb Kvbv evaevaKZv bB h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wkKK GKwU cwZi Dci wbfi KiZ ne| cvVKdjcm~ Kivi Rb wkK cwiw wZ Abymvi GKvwaK cwZ I Kkji mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZcvib| cvVi mvdj wbfi Ki wkKi wePYZv, welqvb I wkLb cwZi h_vh_ cqvMi Dci| GRb ejv nq wkKBmevrK cwZ| wkv_xKw`K wkLb-kLvbv cwZ ewea| GLvb gv KqKwU wkv_xmwq cwZ msc Dc vcbKiv njv| Ze wkKi AwaK msLK cwZ I Kkji Dci `Zv _vKv cqvRb| Zvnj wZwb h h cwZDchvMx Zv cqvM KiZ cvib| cqvRb GKvwaK cwZi mswgkY wbRi gZv Ki cvV cwiPvjbv KiZ cvib|cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wkK hw` eySZ cvib h cqvMKZ cwZ wkv_x`i wkLb djcm~ nQ bv ZLb wZwb cwZcwieZb KiZ cvib| ZvB wkK`i e cwZi Dci `Zv _vKv AvekK|
14. wkv_xi g~jvqbmvaviY A_ wkv_xi g~jvqb njv wkv Kvhg _K wkv_xi ARbi gvv wbYq Kiv| A_vr wkvg DjwLZ c~ewbavwiZ wkLbdj wkv_x KZUv ARb KiQ Zv wbicYB wkv_xi g~jvqb| hw`I g~jvqb K_vwUi we wZ AbK evcK|Avgiv wewfb mgq bvbvfve wkv_xi g~jvqb Ki _vwK| g~jvqbi mgq I aib weePbvq wkv_xi g~jvqb cavbZ y`Bavivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~jvqb Ges (L) mvgwK g~jvqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw` cvVvsk _Kwkv_xi ARb g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G g~jvqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~jvqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw` mgq kl evKvhg kl mvgwqK cixv, evwlK cixv, GmGmwm cixv BZvw` cixvi gvag g~jvqb Ki _vwK| G aibig~jvqb nj mvgwK g~jvqb| avivevwnK I mvgwK Dfq avivi g~jvqbiB cqvRb AvQ| Ze avivevwnK g~jvqbiiZ AbK ewk| KviY- avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi wkLb y`ejZv wPwZ Ki ZvrwYK wbivgqg~jK ee v bIqv hvq| wkv_xi nvZ-Kjg eenvwiK KvR Kivi cwqv cheYi gvag g~j vqb Ki wb `kbv `Iqv hvq| wkv_xi wekl wKQz `Zv, hgb- kvbv, ejv, cov BZvw` Kg mgq, Kg LiP I mnR cwigvc Ki avc avc
wb `kbv `Iqv I wbivgqg~jK ee v bIqv hvq| mvgwK g~jvqbi gvag AbK Gme ewki g~jvqb Kiv menq bv|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 18
wkv_xi AveMxq w`Kmg~n wekl Ki ewK I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~jeva cZ cheYi gvagg~jvqb Ki wb `kbv `Iqv hvq|
G g~jvqbi gvag wkK Zuvi eeZ wkLb kLvbv cwZ I Kkji h_v_Zv I djcm~Zv wbaviY Ki ev`yejZv wPwZ Ki cqvRbxq cwieZb AvbZ cvib|
15. avivevwnK g~jvqbavivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi y`ejZv wPwZ Ki wb `kbv `Iqv hvq Ges cqvRb wbivgqg~jK ee v MnYKiv hvq|
15.1 kwYi KvRwkLb-kLvbv Kvhg PjvKvjxb wkv_x KZK mvw`Z hveZxq KvR kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ| welqf`kwYi KvRi aib ZviZg _vKZ cvi| AwaKvsk B cki Di ejv ev jLv, AuvKv (wP/Qwe, mviwY,gvbwP, jLwP), AvjvPbv I weZK AskMnY, Pwi-Awfbq, eenvwiK KvR-G aibi me wKQzB kwYi KvR|evsjv I BsiwR welq kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv BZvw` kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ ne|
15.2 evwoi KvRwkv_x evwoZ wkvgwfwK h KvRjv mb Ki ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkv_x GKKfve mbKie GUvB cZvwkZ| wkK wbwZ neb h, wkv_x GKvB KvRwU mb KiQ| evwoi KvRi gvag wkv_xiwPb `Zv Ges ewK AvPiY I g~jeva g~jvqb Kiv ne| evwoi KvR g~jvqb Ki wkK wkv_x`iKcqvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv w`eb| wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`vi Dci wfw Ki wkK evwoi KvR w`eb| j ivLZ ne evwoi KvR hb wkv_xK gyL Kivq DrmvwnZ bv Ki| evwoi KvR Ggb nZ ne hb
wkv_xi wPb `Zv weKvk Ges mRbkxjZv cKvki myhvM _vK| kwYK AwRZ aviYvmg~n wPv I KvR cqvM Kivi myhvM hb evwoi KvR _vK| evwoi KvR hb
wkv_xK mRbkxj cki c wZZ mvnvh Ki mw`K iZ w`Z ne| wkvg gvwU wkLb kLvbvKvhg Kjvg c` evwoi KvR bgybv wnmve AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi|
cwZwU welqi evwoi KvRjv Ggb ne hv wkv_x 30-35 wgwbUi ga mv`b KiZ cvi| wkK cwZmvgwqK kwYZ cqvRbxq msLK evwoi KvR w`eb|
15.3 kwY AfxvcwZwU Aavq kl kwY Afxv bIqv ne| kwY Afxv wjwLZ ev eenvwiK ne| cwZwU kwY Afxv ^ mgqbIqv ne| welqi Rb wbavwiZ Kvm wcwiqW bIqv ne| wbavwiZ GK Kvm wcwiqWi AwZwi mgq bIqv hvebv| kwY Afxvi w`b kwYi Abvb wcwiqWi ^vfvweK KvRKg h_vixwZ Pje|
16 mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixvRvZxq wkvg 2012 Gi wb`kbv Abymvi cwZ wkvel `ywU mvgwqK fvM Kiv ne| mvgwqK Ges cvewjKcixvi ckc cYqb Ges Dic g~jvqb mRbkxj ckcwZi wb `kbv Abymvi msMwVZ ne| wkvg c` Aavqmg~nK `ywU mvgwqKi Rb eb KiZ ne| we`vjqi Kvhw`emi cwigvYi Dci wfw Ki Aavqmg~nKmvgwqK eb KiZ ne| c_g mvgwqK g~jvqbKZ Aavqmg~nK wZxq mvgwqK g~jvqbi Rb eenvi Kiv hvebv| mvgwqK kl Abyq cixv wkvg welq Ges ci Rb eivKZ c~Y b^i ne| wkvg iciLviwelqKvVvgvq welqi c~Ybi^ `Iqv AvQ|mRbkxj ckcwZi ckc y`&B aibi ck _vKe| GKwU nQ ewbevPwb ck Ges AciwU nQ mRbkxj ck|ewbevPwb ckc wZb aibi ewbevPwb ck _vKe| Gjv nQ mvaviY ewbevPwb ck, ec`x mgvwm~PKewbevPwb ck Ges Awfb Z_wfwK ewbevPwb ck| ewbevPwb ckc wPb `Zvi Pvi ii ckAvbycvwZKnvi _vKe| mKj AavqK cixvi AvIZvfz KiZ ne| ckc cYqbi c~e wb `kK QK ZwiKiZ ne| cwZwU mRbkxj ck GKwU DxcK _vKe Ges DxcKi mv_ 4wU ck _vKe| ck 4wU w`q wPb`Zvi PviwU i (vb, Abyaveb, cqvM Ges DPZi `Zv) hvPvB Kiv ne| Ze wnmvewevb MwYZ I DPZiMwYZ welqi wnmve mRbkxj ckc ay wPb `Zvi cqvM vii 3wU ck _vKe| 1wU mnR gvbi, 1wUgagvbi I GKwU Acv KwVb gvbi ck bi^ c` vb wb`wkKv AbymiY Ki Dic g~jvqb KiZ ne|
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 19
wkvg Dbqb mswk KwgwU1. RvZxq wkvg mgq^ KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. W. Kvgvj Ave y`j bvmi Payix
mwPe, wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|mfvcwZ
2. DcvPvh, RvZxq wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi| m`m3. W. KvRx LjxKzvgvb Avng`
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k Dbqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k A_bxwZ mwgwZ|m`m
4. hyM-mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m5. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, XvKv| m`m6. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv ee vcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv| m`m7. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv Awa`i, AvMviMuvI, XvKv| m`m8. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| m`m9. cdmi gvt gv dv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|m`m
10. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv| m`m11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkvevW, XvKv| m`m12. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv &`ivmv wkvevW, XvKv| m`m13. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m14. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj
wefvMxq cavb, KwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|m`m
15. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcvb AavcK I cwiPvjK, wkv I MelYv BbwwUDUXvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
m`m
16. AavcK W. gvt AvLZvivgvbBmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
m`m
17. AavcK kvnxb gvn&eyev KexiBsiwR wefvM RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
m`m
18. m`m (cv_wgK wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv| m`m19. m`m (cvVcy K), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m20. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, wkv feb, XvKv| m`m21. Dc mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m
2. cdkbvj KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. cdmi gvt gv dv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|mfvcwZ
2. gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DP wkv Awa`i, XvKv| m`m3. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv| m`m4. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq,XvKv| m`m5. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKvWgx, XvKv| m`m6. gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k, XvKv| m`m7. Rbve gbRyij Avnmvb eyjeyj
cavb mv`K, ekvLx Uwjwfwkb wjwgUW, XvKv|m`m
8. cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DP wkv Awa`i, wkv feb, XvKv| m`m9. Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k Avt evW mg^q mve KwgwU| m`m10. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv &`ivmv wkv evW, XvKv| m`m11. Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv evW, XvKv| m`m12. AavcK Avyjvn Avey mvqx`
cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K `, XvKv|m`m
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 20
13. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcivgkK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, XvKv|
m`m
14. AavcK Kwdj Dxb Avng`civgkK, cv_wgK wkvg DBs, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
m`m
15. cdmi gynv` Avjxcvb m`m, wkvg, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|(evmv-mK-gwfm 8g Zjv (cwg), 6/9, eK-wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207|
m`m
16. Wxb, PviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv| m`m17. cdmi mvjgv AvLZvi
AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|m`m
18. Aa, wkK cwkY KjR, XvKv| m`m19. m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv| m`m20. cavb wkK, MebgU jveiUwi nvB zj, avbgw, XvKv| m`m21. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` f~uBqv
weZiY wbqK, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|m`m-mwPe
3. UKwbKvj KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. cdmi gvt Ave y`yj Revi
cvb cwiPvjK, bvqg, XvKv|(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, mi bs-4, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230)
AvnevqK
2. AavcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZdmycvi wbDgvwi AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
m`m
3. cdmi Ave y`m myenvbcvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awa`i(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)
m`m
4. AavcK W. Mvjvg imyj wgqvcvb Aa, wUPvm Uwbs KjR, XvKv|(evmv bs-47, ivW bs-02, mi-09, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)
m`m
5. W. gvt wQwKzi ingvbcivgkKGmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, wkv feb, XvKv|
m`m
6. cdmi W. gvt bvRgyj Kwig Payixee vcbv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
m`m
7. W. Avyj gvjKAavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
m`m
8. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmbwkvg weklGmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
m`m
9. Rbve kvnxbviv eMgwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
m`m
10. Rbve gvt gvLjm Di ingvbwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
m`m
11. Rbve gvt dinv y`j BmjvgEaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
m`m-mwPe
-
RvZxq wkvg 2012 21
4. fwUs KwgwUwgK bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. evsjv 1. AavcK Ave y`jvn Avey mvqx`
cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K `, XvKv|2. cdmi b~iRvnvb eMg
Aa, miKvwi wevb KjR, XvKv|2. BsiwR 1. cdmi Ave y`m myenvb
cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awa`i, XvKv|(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv)
2. cdmi gvt kvgmyj nKcvb Wxb, evsjv`k Dby wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, GvcvUgU-we-5, ivW bs68G, jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)
3. MwYZ 1. cdmi W. gvt Avyj gwZbMwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
2. cdmi W. gvt Avym Qvgv`MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
4. wevb 1. cdmi W. gvt AvwRRyi ingvbc`v_wevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
2. Rbve gvnv` b~i Avjg wmwKxmnhvMx AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
5. evsjv`k I wekcwiPq 1. cdmi W. nvib Di iwk`ivwevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
2. W. mq` nvwdRyi ingvbmnhvMx AavcK, cwiek wevb wefvMRvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
6. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw 1. cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevjKwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvMkvn&Rvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|
2. Rbve gvt mwdDj Avjg LvbmnKvix AavcK, Z_ chyw BwUwUDU, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
7. cwiek cwiwPwZ 1. cdmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvjf~Z wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
2. cdmi W. gvt LexiDxbcwiek wevb wefvM, RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
-
5. wkvg Dbqb KwgwUg bvg I c`ex KwgwUZ c`ex1 cdmi W. Avjx AvRMi
c`v_ wevb wefvM, B Iq BDwbfvwmwU, gnvLvjx, XvKv|AvnevqK
2 cdmi W. gv. AvwRRyi ingvbc`v_ wevb wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
m`m
3 Rbve gv. njvj DwbcfvlK, icbMi gWj zj G KjR, wgicyi, XvKv|
m`m
4 Rbve gv. gvLjm Di ingvbwekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv
m`m
5 Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmbKvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc,GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
mg^qKvix
6. mvweK mgq^ KwgwUg bvg I c`we KwgwUZ c`we1. Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb
KvwiKzjvg wekl I GmBGmwWwc dvKvj cqUKvwiKzjvg WfjcgU BDwbURvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|
mvweK mg^qKvix
2. Rbve gvkZvK Avng` fu~BqvweZiY wbqKRvZxq wkvg I cvVcy K evW, XvKv|
mvweK mg^qKvix
-
cv 1
wkvgc`v_wevb
GKv`k I v`k kwY
-
cv 2
1. f~wgKvc`v_wevb GKwU cyYv ReMVbi gZ| wewfb kvLv DckvLvq wef njI GmeB mgw^Z I GKxf~Z| KviY gwjK wKQz aviYv hgb-vb,mgq, Zi, , PvR- Gi AvjvKB c`v_wevbi mg NUbv evLv Kiv nq| c`v_wevbi wewZ I MfxiZv me welqKB kKiQ| hgb DNA Avwevii dj Rxec`v_wevb I Abyc`v_wevb c`v_wevbi welq nq DVQ , Zgwbfve RvwZwevb,wPwKrmvwevb, f~-wevb, AvenvIqvwevb -mewKQzB wekwlZ nQ c`v_wevbi gwjK wbqgjvi wfwZ| e Z c`v_wevb GesmB A_ mg wevbB KZjv aviYvi mgvek hvi De cheY I cixY _K| cwZwbqZ bZzb aviYv Rb `q bZzb cheY IcixYi| Avi GfveB c`v_wevb cKwZi inm D`NvUb GK Anxb Awfhvb|
c`v_wevb eBwU kl Kivi ci- ivZi AvKvk, ZivwqZ mgy`, kmZ, Ljvi gvV, nvmcvZvj, wk KviLvbv GgbwK msMxZ mewKQzBhb wkv_xi Abymwrmv I AvMni welq nq DVZ cvi| KviY Gme NUbvi Dcjw I eeZ bvbv h c`v_wevbi wbqg eenviKiB DvweZ| wekK Rvbvi I inm D &`NvUbi Rb wevb nQ gvbe RvwZi mePq eo eywMZ Awfhvb| c`v_wevbi GK_vwU weklfve mZ|
c`v_wevb cwieZbkxj GKwU welq| dj welq wbevPb I cwiekbvi Kkj, mB msM wevb PPvi cPwjZ avivq wkvgicwieZbI Acwinvh| Dcv I Z_ Ges cv_wgK wKQz m~ I wbqg AvZ Kivi h ixwZ `xNw`b Pj GmQ Zvi wecixZ cqvRbDcjw, weklY, Abymwrmv Ges cheY I cixY wkv_xi Z^:~Z AskMnY |
c`v_wevbi wewfb hgb, c`v_, ejwe`v, e i MVb, Zvc, Avjv, we y`r BZvw`i evLvq AvaywbK KvqvUvg Zi h cfvewkvg Zvi cwZdjb iqQ|
c`v_wevbi bZzb wkvg wewfb Aavqi ga h mgq^ iqQ Ges Z_ I Dcvi Pq Dcjw I wevb PPvi cwZjvi mcwiwPwZ h ewk iZc~Y Zv Zzj aiv nqQ| msv_ I m~ w`q cvVi m~Pbv bv Ki cheY, cixY,ckDvcb I Di Abymvbigvag wkv_x wbRB h_v_ msv_ I m~i w`K AMmi ne|GB Aevq mwVK msv_ I m~ Dcvcb wkv_xi KvQ AbK meRevane|
-
cv 3
2. Dk
1. c`v_wevbK gwjK me aviYvi wfwZ Rvbv I Gi inm D`NvUb Kiv;2. cheY I cixvi wfwZ AwRZ Dcv I Z_ Zi AvjvK Rvbv;3. fZRMZi egvjv I NUbvcevnK Rvbvi Rb c`v_wevbi gwjK ivwk, bxwZ, m~ I aviYv mK vb ARb
Kiv Ges G`i ga mK vcb KiZ cviv;4. cheY I cixvi mvnvh gvMZ Zi ic c`v_wevbi DvweZ wbqgjv hvPvB Kiv;5. c`v_wevbK cwigvbMZfve Rvbv Ges c`v_wevbi wewfb NUbvmg~ni ga mK D`NvUbi Rb MwYZ
eenvi cvi`wk nIqv;
6. AvaywbK c`v_wevb wekRMZ mK gvbeRvwZi aviYvK cwieZb Ki Rxebi wfw mK h bZzb aviYv mwKiQ Zv Dcjw Kiv;
7. cKwZi wbqg I m~i AvjvK mgmvi mgvavb KiZ cviv;8. c`v_wevb PPvi Rb cqvRbxq ciYv, Abymwrmv, Avb` I AwfhvbgyLxbZvi weKvk mvab Kiv;9. c`v_wevbi g weKvk wevbx`i cPv, AvZZvM, e_Zv I mdjZv gvbeKjvY h Ae`vb iLQ Zv Rvbv
Ges Dcjw Kiv|
-
cv 4
3. Aavq webvm I wcwiqW ebGKv`k v`k
Aavqi g Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLv Aavqi g Aavqi bvg wcwiqW msLvc_g fZRMr I cwigvc 16 c_g Aavq ZvcMwZwe`v 12wZxq Aavq fi 10 wZxq Aavq wi Zwor 13ZZxq Aavq MwZwe`v 10 ZZxq Aavq Pj Zwor 14PZz_ Aavq wbDUwbqvb ejwe`v 22 PZz_ Aavq Zwor cevni P^K wqv
I Pz^KZ15
cg Aavq KvR,gZv I kw 12 cg Aavq ZvwoZPK^ Avek IcwieZx cevn
11
l Aavq gnvKl I AwfKl 15 l Aavq RvwgwZK AvjvKwevb 15mg Aavq c`v_i MvVwbK ag 16 mg Aavq fZ AvjvKwevb 11Ag Aavq chvewK MwZ 12 Ag Aavq AvaywbK c`v_wevbi
m~Pbv14
beg Aavq Zi 14 beg Aavq cigvYyi gWj GeswbDwKqvi c`v_wevb
11
`kg Aavq Av`k Mvm I MvmiMwZZ
13 `kg Aavq mwgKvi I Bjwb 19
GKv`k RvwZwe`v 5gvU wcwiqW 140 gvU wcwiqW 140
-
cv 5
4. wkvg QKc`v_wevbc_g c
-
cv 6
c_g Aavq: fZRMZ I cwigvc (wcwiqW 16)wkLb dj welqe1. fZRMZi cKwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
2. c`v_wevbi cwimi Ges Gi DxcK Ae`vb evLv KiZcvie|
3. c`v_wevb eenZ wewfb aviYv, m~, bxwZ, x^Kvh, AbyKGes ZZi A_ Dcjw I evLv KiZ cvie|
4. c`v_wevbi mv_ vbi wewfb kvLvi mK weklYKiZ cvie|
5. vb, mgq, fi Ges wewfb cwZfvmi KvhKviY mKevLv KiZ cvie|
6. gwjK I j GKKi ga mK vcb KiZ cvie|7. cwigvci g~jbxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|8. chY I cixYi gweKvk I iZ evLv KiZ
cvie|
9. cwigvci wU evLv KiZ cvie|10. cwigvchvM ivwki Zigvb wbaviYi Kkj cqvM
KiZ cvie|
11. eenvwiKo ivwgUvi eenvi Ki Mvjxq Zji eZvi evmva
cwigvc KiZ cvie|o wbwi mvnvh `vjb cwZZ ei fi wbYq KiZ
cvie|
fZRMZi cKwZ
c`v_wevbi cwimi I weqKi Ae`vb(The Scope and Excitement of Physics)
c`v_wevb-o aviYv (Concept)o m~ (Law)o bxwZ (Principal)o x^Kvh(Postulates)o AbyK (Hypothesis)o Z (Theory) Gi A_
c`v_wevb I Abvb vbi RMZo imvqb, MwYZ I Rxewevbo RvwZwevbo chywi wewfb kvLvo wPwKrmvwevbo Kwlwevbo mvwnZ I mswZo mgvRwevbo `kbo Ljvayjv
vb,mgq I fio mbvZbx aviYvo AvaywbK aviYv
gwjK I j GKK cwigvci g~jbxwZ chY I cixYi g weKvk Ges iZ
o AvwKwgwWmo MvwjwjIo wbDUbo Bqvso dvivWo iv`vidvWo AvBbvBbo gv cvKs
cwigvc wUo hvwK (Instrumental)o chebg~jK (Observational)o Gjvgjv (Random)o cybivewK (Systematic)
cwigvc ivwki Zigvb wbaviY
eenvwiKo ivwgUvi Gi eenvio wbwi mvnvh `vjb cwZZ fi wbYq
-
cv 7
wZxq Aavq fi (wcwiqW 10)wkLbdj wkLbdj
1. fii ag evLv KiZ cvie|2. c`v_wevbi wewfb fZ ivwk fii~c cKvk KiZ cvie|3. KwZcq wekl fi evLv KiZ cvie|4. fi ivwki RvwgwZK hvRb wbqg evLv KiZ cvie|5. j^vski mvnvh fi ivwki hvRb I weqvRb weklY KiZ
cvie|
6. GKwU fiK wgvwK AvqZvKvi wevii j^vskwefvRb KiZ cvie|
7. `ywU fi ivwki jvi I fi Yi msv_ I G`i eenviKiZ cvie|
8. c`v_wevb KvjKzjvmi eenvi I iZ evLv KiZcvie|
9. fi KvjKzjvmi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|10. fi AcviUi eenvi KiZ cvie|
fio ago wP
fi cKvk (Vector Representation)o ejo N~Yb ejo KwYK fieMo Zj
wekl fio GKK fio bvj fio Aevb fio miY fi
fi ivwki RvwgwZK hvRb wbqg j^vski mvnvh fi ivwki hvRb IweqvRb
wgvwK AvqZvKvi wevii fii wefvRb
jvi Yb I fi Yb c`v_wevb KvjKzjvm
o eenvio iZ
fi KvjKzjvmo AixKiYo hvMRxKiY
fi AcviUii eenvio M vwWqUo WvBfviRo Kvj
ZZxq Aavq MwZwe`v (wcwiqW 10)wkLb dj wcwiqW 10 welqe1. Ro KvVvgvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|2. MwZ eYbvq AixKiY I hvMRxKiYi cv_wgK
aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|3. Aevb-mgq I eM-mgq jLwP weklY KiZ
cvie|4. ccKi MwZ weklY KiZ cvie|5. co ei m~ evLv KiZ cvie|6. mylg exqMwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
Ro KvVvgvo cig MwZo AvcwK MwZ
MwZ eYbvq AixKiY I hvMRxKiYi cv_wgK aviYv Aevb-mgq I eM-mgq I jLwP
(Velocity-time and position-time graphs)
ccKi MwZ co ei m~ mylg exqMwZ
-
cv 8
PZz_ Aavq 4 : wbDUwbqvb ejwe`v (wcwiqW 22)wkLb dj welqe1. eji ^vg~jK aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|2. KvjKzjvm eenvi Ki wbDUbi wZxq m~ weklY KiZ cvie|3. wbDUbi MwZ m~Myjvi ga cviwiK mK evLv KiZ cvie|4. wbDUbi MwZ m~i eenvi KiZ cvie|
5. wbDUbi MwZ m~i mxgveZv evLv KiZ cvie|6. ej, I cveji aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|7. iwLK fieMi wbZZvi m~ evLv KiZ cvie|8. mKj Aevq fieMi msiYkxjZv hvPvB KiZ cvie|9. wbDUbi ZZxq m~i mv_ fieMi wbZZvi mK weklY KiZ
cvie|
10. RoZvi vgK I KwYK fieM evLv KiZ cvie|11. KwYK fieM msv ivwkgvjv evL KiZ cvie|
12. UK evLv KiZ cvie|13. UK, RoZvi vgK I KwYK ZiYi ga mK weklY KiZ cvie|14. eenvwiK
o GKwU dvB Bji RoZvi vgK wbYq KiZ cvie|
15. mveRbxb m~ wnme KwYK fieMi wbZZv evLv KiZ cvie|[Explain conservation of Angular momentum as a universal law]
16. K`gyLx Ges K `wegyLx eji eenvi KiZ cvie|17. iv vi euvK Xvj `Iqvi cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie|
18. wwZvcK I Aw wZvcK msNl evLv KiZ cvie|19. `ywU e i ga GKgvwK w wZvcK msNli mgmvi mgvavb KiZ cvie|
eji ^vg~jK aviYv (Intuitive concept offorce)
wbDUbi MwZi wZxq m~ wbDUbi MwZ m~Myjvi ga mK wbDUbi MwZ m~i eenvi
o Nvovi Mvwoo bKvi bUvbvo e`yKi wj Qvovo gnvk~Y Awfhvb
wbDUbi MwZ m~i mxgveZv
ej, I cveji aviYv
iwLK fieMi wbZZvo aviYvo msiYkxjZv hvPvBo wbDUbi MwZi ZZxq m~ I
fieMi wbZZv
RoZvi vgK I KwYK fieM KwYK fieM msv ivwkgvjvo KwYK miYo KwYK eMo KwYK ZiY
UK UK, RoZvi vgK I KwYK Zib eenvwiKo GKwU dvB Bji RoZvi vgK
wbYq
KwYK fieMi wbZZv K`gyLx Ges K`wegyLx ej
o aviYvo eenvi
msNlo aviYvo wwZvcK I AwwZvcK msNlo GKgvwK wwZvcK msNl I
mgmv
-
cv 9
cg Aavq: KvR, kw I gZv (wcwiqW 12)
wkLbdj welqe1. KvR I kwi mveRbxb aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|2. ej I miYi mv_ KvRi fi mK weklY KiZ cvie|
3. wi ej Ges cwieZbkxj ej viv mvw`Z KvR weklY KiZ cvie|4. wwZvcK ej I AwfKl eji wecixZ mvw`Z KvRi Zzjbv KiZ
cvie|5. MwZkwi MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b I mgmv mgvavb Gi eenvi
KiZ cvie|
6. wwZkwi MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b I mgmv mgvavb Gi eenviKiZ cvie|
7. eenvwiKo GKwU ws Gi wefe kw cwigvc KiZ cvie|
8. kwi wbZZvi bxwZ eenvi Ki wewfb mgmvi mgvavb KiZ cvie|
9. gZv, ej I eMi ga mK weklY KiZ cvie|
10. msiYkxj I AmsiYkxj ej evLv KiZ cvie|
11. Kvb wmgi Kg` Zv wnmve KiZ cvie|
KvR I kwi mveRbxb aviYv ej,miY Ges KvR
wi ej Ges cwieZbkxj ej wwZvcK ej I AwfKl ej Ges
mvw`Z KvR MwZkw
o MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`bo mgmv mgvavb
wwZkwo MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`bo mgmv mgvavb
eenvwiKo ws Gi wefe kw wbYq
kwi wbZZvi bxwZi eenvi
o Drw ei mevP DPZvo mij Qw`Z MwZi kw
gZv, ej I eM
msiYkxj I AmsiYkxj ej
Kg` Zv
-
cv 10
l Aavq: gnvKl I AwfKl (wcwiqW 15)wkLb dj welqe1. coei MvwjwjIi m~ evLv KiZ cvie|
2. AvbZ Zj gvej Mwoq w`q Ges `~iZ I mgq cwigvc Ki co ei m~hvPvB KiZ cvie|
3. Mni MwZ mwKZ Kcjvii m~ eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. wbDUbi m~ eenvi Ki Kcjvii m~i MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b IweklY KiZ cvie|
5. gnvKlxq ayeK I AwfKl ZiYi ga MvwYwZK mK cwZcv`b I mgmvimgvavb G mK eenvi KiZ cvie|
6. gnvKl m~ cqvM KiZ cvie|
7. gnvKl ej, gnvKl cvej Ges gnvKl wefei cwigvYMZ gvb wbaviYGes G`i ga MvwYwZK mK weklY KiZ cvie|
8. AwfKlxq ZiYi cwieZbi KviY weklY KiZ cvie|
9. AwfKl K` evLv KiZ cvie|
10. gyweMi MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b I weklY KiZ cvie|
11. gnvKl m~i eenvi eYbv KiZ cvie|
co ei MvwjwjIi m~
eenvwiKo co ei MvwjwjIi m~ hvPvB
Mni MwZ mwKZ Kcjvii m~
wbDUbi m~ nZ Kcjvii m~
gnvKlxq ayeK I AwfKl ZiYi mK|
gnvKl m~i eenvio MvjKi ga I evwni wewfb vb
gnvKlo ejo cvejo wefe
AwfKlxq ZiYi cwieZbo DPZvo AvKvio AvwK MwZ
AwfKl K`
gyweM
gnvKl m~i eenvi-o cvKwZK m`i Abymvbo Kwg DcMni gvag hvMvhvMo e MelYv
-
cv 11
mg Aavq: c`v_i MvVwbK ag (wcwiqW 16)wkLb dj welqe1. c`v_i AvtAvYweK eji cKwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
2. c`v_i wewfb cKvi eb evLv KiZ cvie|3. AvtAvYweK eji AvjvK c`v_i wwZvcK AvPiY evLv
KiZ cvie|4. wwZvcKZv mwKZ ivwkgvjv evLv KiZ cvie|
5. Ki m~ evLv KiZ cvie|6. jLwPi mvnvh cxob-weKwZi mK evLv KiZ cvie|7. wwZvcK Yv evLv KiZ cvie|8. cqmbi AbycvZ evLv KiZ cvie|9. eenvwiKo fvwbqvi cwZ eenvi Ki Bqs Gi w wZvcK Yv wbYq KiZ
cvie|10. cevnxi cevn evLv KiZ cvie|11. cvwK eM evLv KiZ cvie|12. mv `Zv I mv `Zv Yv evLv KiZ cvie|13. NlY I mv `Zvi mK evLv KiZ cvie|14. Zij cZbkxj e i vKm& Gi m~ evLv KiZ cvie|15. c Uvb evLv KiZ cvie|16. c kw evLv KiZ cvie|17. msmw ej I Avmb ej evLv KiZ cvie|18. k KvY evLv KiZ cvie|19. c Uvbi KqKwU NUbv eYbv KiZ cvie|
c`v_i AvtAvYweK AvKlY I weKlY ejo KwVbo Zijo evqexq
c`v_i ebo AvqwbK ebo mghvRx ebo avZe ebo fvviIqvjm eb
AvtAvYweK ej I c`v_i wwZvcKZv wwZvcKZv mwKZ ivwkgvjv
o wwZvcKZvo bgbxq eo c~Y wwZvcK eo c~Y `p eo wwZvcK mxgvo Amn fvi, Amn cxoY, wwZvcK Kvwo weKwZ (`N ,AvKvi I AvqZb)o cxob (`N ,AvKvi I AvqZb)
Ki m~ cxob-weKwZi mK wwZvcK Yv
o Bqs Gi wwZvcK Yvo `pZvi wwZvcK Yvo AvqZbi wwZvcK Yv
cqmbi AbycvZ eenvwiKo Bqs Gi wwZvcK Yv
cevnxi cevno aviYvo vZiLv cevno wew cevn
cvwK eM mv`Zv I mv`Zv Yv NlY I mv`Zv vKm& Gi m~ c Uvb I c kw k KvY cUvbi eenvio cvwbi Zj cvKvgvKoi PjvPjo mvevbi dbvo MvQ cvwbi cwienbo Ziji c m~Bi Aevb
-
cv 12
Ag Aavq: chvewK MwZ (wcwiqW 12)wkLbdj welqe
1. chve aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|2. chve MwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
3. mij Qw`Z MwZi eji cKwZ I ewkevLv KiZ cvie|
4. mij Qw`Z MwZ-mswk ivwkmg~n evLv KiZcvie|
5. mij `vj MwZmb ei AixKiY mgxKiYcwZcv`b I Gi MvwYwZK weklY KiZ cvie|
6. `bw`b Rxeb mij `vjb MwZi eenvi evLvKiZ cvie|
7. jLwP eenvi Ki mij `vjb MwZmb eigvU kwi msiYkxjZv cgvY KiZ cvie|
8. A wevi MwZkxj GKwU mij `vjKi MwZK mijQw`Z MwZi~c evLv KiZ cvie|
9. eenvwiKo GKwU ws Gi ws ayeK wbYq KiZ cvie|o GKwU wsK `vjK wnme eenvi Ki wewfb ei
fii Zzjbv KiZ cvie|
chveo vwbK chvg (Special Periodicity)o KvwjK chvg (Temporal Periodicity)
chvew MwZ
mij Qw`Z MwZi eji ewk
mij Qw`Z MwZ mswk ivwk
mij `vjb MwZmb ei AixKiY mgxKiY
mij `vjb MwZo aviYvo AixKiY mgxKiYo eenvi
mij `vjKi MwZ
mij `vjb MwZ Ges evKvi MwZi ga mK
eenvwiKo ws ayeK wbYqo ws Gi mvnvh fii Zzjbv
-
cv 13
beg Aavq: Zi (wcwiqW 14)wkLbdj welqe
1. Zii Drcw evLv KiZ cvie|2. Zii gvag kwi mvjb cwqv evLv KiZ
cvie|3. wewfb cKvi Zii ewk evLv KiZ cvie|
4. Zii MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b I weklYKiZ cvie|
5. Zii ZxeZvi MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b IweklY KiZ cvie|
6. DcwicvZb bxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
7. wi Zii MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b IweklY KiZ cvie|
8. eenvwiKo gjwWi cixvi mvnvh myikjvKvi Kv wbYq
KiZ cvie|9. Abybv` evLv KiZ cvie|10. ki ZxeZv I ZxeZvi jfj evLv KiZ
cvie|
11. exUi MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv cwZcv`b I weklYKiZ cvie|
12. i^Mvg I nvigvwb evLv KiZ cvie|13. msMxZMyb weklY c`v_wevbi Ae`vb evLv
KiZ cvie|14. `bw`b Rxeb mviMvj I msMxZMybi cfve
evLv KiZ cvie|
Zii Drcw Zi I kw Zi
o Avo Zio jw^K Zio AMMvgx Zi
AMMvgx Zio aviYvo MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv[
Zii ZxeZvo aviYvo MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv
DcwicvZb bxwZ wi Zi
o aviYvo mwi kZo MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv
eenvwiKo gjwWi cixv
Abybv` ki ZxeZv I ZxeZvi jfj
exUo aviYvo MvwYwZK ivwkgvjv
i^Mvg I nvigvwb msMxZMyb weklY c`v_wevbi Ae`vb
mviMvj (Noise) I msMxZMyb Ges G`i cfve
-
cv 14
`kg Aavq: Av`k Mvm I Mvmi MwZ Z (wcwiqW 13)wkLbdj welqe
1. Av`k Mvmi m~ evLv KiZ cvie|2. eqji m~ I Pvjmi m~i mg^q PV=RT
mgxKiY cwZv cviZ cvie|3. eenvwiKo eqji m~ hvPvB KiZ cvie|
4. Mvmi AYyi gwjK ^xKvh eYbv KiZ cvie|5. Mvmi AYyi gwjK x^Kvhi AvjvK Mvmi
AvYweK MwZ Z evLv KiZ cvie|
6. Mvmi MwZ Z eenvi Ki Av`k Mvmi m~ evLvKiZ cvie|
7. kwi mgwefvRb bxwZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
8. Rjxq ev I evqyi Pvci mK weklY KiZcvie|
9. wkwkiv I AvcwK Av `Zvi mK weklY KiZcvie|
10. eenvwiKo wbDUbi kxZjxKiY m~i mvnvh Ziji
AvcwK Zvc wbYq KiZ cvie|
Av`k Mvmo m~o mgxKiY
eenvwiKo eqji m~ hvPvB
Mvmi AYyi gwjK x^Kvh Mvmi AYyi AvYweK MwZ Z
Mvmi MwZ Z I Av`k Mvmi m~
kwi mgwefvRb bxwZ Rjxq ev I evqyi Pvco aviYvo Rjxq ev I evqyi Pvci mK
wkwkiv I AvcwK Av `Zvo aviYvo wkwkiv I AvcwK Av `Zvi mK
eenvwiKo wbDUbi kxZjxKiY m~i mvnvh Ziji
AvcwK Zvc wbYq
-
cv 15
5. wkvg QKc`v_wevbwZxqc
-
cv 16
c_g Aavq: ZvcMwZwe`v (wcwiqW 12)wkLbdj welqey
1. Zvcgvv cwigvci bxwZ eenvi Ki Zvcxq mgZv (Thermalequilibrium) Ges Zvcgvvi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
2. ZvcMwZwe`vi c_g m~ evLv KiZ cvie|
3. Zvcxq wmgi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|4. AfixY kwi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|5. Kvbv wmg Zvc, Zvi AfixY kw Ges mb KvRi ga
mK weklY KiZ cvie|
6. ZvcMwZwe`vi wZxq m~ evLv KiZ cvie|
7. cZveZx I AcZveZx cwqvi ga cv_K evLv KiZ cvie|8. Kvbv Pi g~jbxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|9. Zvcxq Bwb Ges iwdRviUii Kvhgi g~jbxwZ evLv KiZ
cvie|10. Bwbi `Zv evLv KiZ cvie|11. GUwc I wekLjv evLv KiZ cvie|
Zvcgvv cwigvci bxwZo Zvcxq mgZvo Zvcgvvi aviYv
ZvcMwZwe`vi c_g m~o aviYvo eenvi
Zvcxq wmg AfixY kw Zvc, AfixY kw Ges KvR
ZvcMwZwe`vi wZxq m~o aviYv
cZveZx I AcZveZx cwqv Kvbv P Zvcxq Bwb
o iwdRviUi Bwbi `Zv GUwc I wekLjv
-
cv 17
wZxq Aavq 12 wi Zwor (wcwiqW 13)wkLbdj welqe
1. Kzj^i m~K Zi AvjvK evLv KiZ cvie|2. GKwU we`y PvRi Rb Zwor ej, Zwor cvej Ges Zwor wefei
ga mK weklY KiZ cvie|3. mgwefe Zj evLv KiZ cvie|
4. Zwor wgi evLv KiZ cvie|
5. GKwU Zwor wgii Rb Zwor cveji gvb wbYq KiZ cvie|6. GKwU Zwor wgii Rb Zwor wefei gvb wbYq KiZ cvie|7. PvRi KvqvUvqb Ges msiYkxjZvi ag evLv KiZ cvie|
8. Acwievnx I WvBBjwK evLv KiZ cvie|
9. aviK I aviKZ evLv KiZ cvie|10. aviKi kwY Ges mgvivj mshvM evLv KiZ cvie|11. aviKi Zzj aviKZ wbYq KiZ cvie|12. aviKi kw cwigvc KiZ cvie|13. `bw`b Rxeb aviKi eenvi evLv KiZ cvie|
14. Kzj^ m~ _K MvDmi m~ cwZcv`b KiZ cvie|15. MvDmi m~ eenvi Ki wewfb Zwor cvej wbYq KiZ
cvie|
16. Kzj^i m~i mxgveZv evLv KiZ cvie|
Kzj^ m~ I Z we`y PvRi-
o Zwor ejo Zwor cvejo Zwor wefe
mgwefe Zj Zwor wgii-
o aviYvo Zwor cvejo Zwor wefe
PvRi-o KvqvUvqbo msiYkxjZv
Acwievnx I WvBBjwK
aviKi-o aviYvo aviKZo kwY I mgvbvj mshvMo Zyj aviKZo kwo eenvi
Kzj^i m~ nZ MvDmi my Zwor cvej wbYq MvDmi m~i
eenvi Kzj^i m~i mxgveZv
-
cv 18
ZZxq Aavq: Pj Zwor (wcwiqW 14)wkLbdj welqe
1. ivai Dci Zvcgvvi cfve evLv KiZ cvie|2. Zwor cevni Ryji Zvcxq wqvi m~ evLv KiZ cvie|3. eenvwiKo Zvci hvwK mgZv wbYq KiZ cvie|
4. Kvli AfixY iva Ges ZwoPvjK eji MvwYwZK mK weklYKiZ cvie|
5. eZbxZ Kvli kwY I mgvivj mg^q mshvM evLv KiZ cvie|6. wKkdi m~ eenvi Ki eZbxi Zwor cevn I wefe cv_K wbYq KiZ
cvie|7. eZbxZ kvUi eenvi evLv KiZ cvie|8. eenvwiKocUbwkIwgUvi eenvi Ki ZwoPvjK eji Zzjbv KiZ cvie|o wgUvi weR eenvi Ki Kvb Zvii AvcwK iva wbYq KiZ cvie|o cv Awdm e eenvi Ki iva wbYq KiZ cvie|
ivai Ici Zvcgvvi cfve
Ryji Zvcxq wqvi m~
eenvwiKo Zvci hvwK mgZv wbYq
Kvli-o AfixY iva Ges ZwoPvjK ejo kwY I mgvivj mg^q mshvM
wKkdi m~o m~i aviYvo eZbxZ eenvi
kvUi eenvi eenvwiKo cUbwkIwgUvio wgUvi weRo cvAwdm e
-
cv 19
PZz_ Aavq: Zwor cevni PK^ wqv I PzK^Z (wcwiqW 15)wkLbdj welqe
1. cixvi mvnvh IqiWi P^K i aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|2. wequv mvfuvi m~ evLv KiZ cvie|3. Avwqvii m~ evLv KiZ cvie|4. MwZkxj PvRi Dci PzK^ i eji gvb I w`K wbYq KiZ cvie|5. cwievnx Zvii Dci P^K i ej wbYq KiZ cvie|6. nj cfve evLv KiZ cvie|7. P^K i cevnx jyci Dci wqvkxj UK (N~Yb ej)evLv KiZ
cvie|8. K c_ BjKUb N~Ybi Rb m P^K eYbv KiZ cvie|9. Bjbi wbi Rb P^K eYbv KiZ cvie|
10. cw_exi P^KZ Ges Gi P^K Dcv`vb (magnetic elements) evLvKiZ cvie|
11. wewfb cKvi P^KZ eYbv KiZ cvie|
12. P^K WvgBbi aviYv eYbv KiZ cvie|13. wnvwiwmmi jLwP evLv KiZ cvie|14. Avqx PzK^ I vqx Pz^Ki eenvi evLv KiZ cvie|
IqiWi P^K i aviYv
wequv mvfuvi m~
Avwqvii m~
MwZkxj PvR nj cfve
cwievnx Zvi I PK^ i ej
K c_ N~Yvqgvb BjKUb
BjKUb wb I P^K
cw_exi P^KZ Ges Gi P^KZ Dcv`vb
P^KZ-o cvivo Wvqvo divo dwio GwUdiv P^K WvgBb Zwor PzK^ I vqx PzK^
Avqx PzK^ I vqx Pz^Ki eenvi
-
cv 20
cg Aavq: ZvwoZP^Kxq Avek I cwieZx cevn (11)wkLbdj welqe
1. ZvwoZPK^xq Avek evLv KiZ cvie|2. Pz^Ki mvnvh Zwor kw Drcv`b eYbv KiZ cvie|3. Avwe ZwoPvjK ej mw evLv KiZ cvie|4. dvivWi ZvwoZP^Kxq Aveki m~ evLv KiZ cvie|
5. ji m~ evLv KiZ cvie|6. ji m~i mv_ kwi wbZZvi m~i mK evLv KiZ cvie|7. K^xq Avek I cviwiK Avek evLv KiZ cvie|8. w`K cwieZx cevn mwi Kkj evLv KiZ cvie|9. eMg~jxq Mogvb,kxlgvb Ges cevn evLv KiZ cvie|
ZvwoZPK^xq Avek Pz^Ki mvnvh Zwor kw Drcv`b Avwe ZwoPvjK ej dvivWi ZvwoZP^Kxq Aveki
m~ ji m~
ji m~ I kwi wbZZvi K^xq Avek I cviwiK Avek w`K cwieZx cevn mw eMg~jxq Mogvb,kxlgvb Ges cevn
l Aavq : RvwgwZK AvjvKwevb (wcwiqW 15)wkLbdj welqe
1. dvgvUi bxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|2. dvgvUi bxwZi mvnvh Avjvi cwZdjb I cwZmiYi m~ weklY KiZ
cvie|3. j Zwii MvwYwZK mgxKiY cwZcv`b KiZ cvie|4. eenvwiK
o `cb I Dj j eenvi Ki Ziji cwZmiYv wbYq KiZ cvie|o ji dvKvm ~`iZ I gZv wbYq KiZ cvie|
5. gvBvvci g~jbxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|6. Uwjvci g~jbxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|7. widws Uwjvci g~jbxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
8. wcRg Avjvi cwZmiY I weQziY evLv KiZ cvie|
dvgvUi bxwZo aviYvo Avjvi cwZdjb I cwZmiYi
m~ j Zwii mgxKiY eenvwiKo Ziji cwZmiYv wbYqo ji dvKvm ~`iZ I gZvwbYq
gvBvvc Uwjvc widws Uwjvc wcRg Avjvi cwZmiY I weQziY
-
cv 21
mg Aavq: fZ AvjvK wevb (wcwiqW 11)wkLbdj welqe1. ZvwoZP^K^xq Zii ewk evLv KiZ cvie|2. Avjv Zi ZvwoZP^Kxq vgi Ask evLv KiZ cvie|
3. ZigyLi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|4. ZigyL mwZ nvBMbi bxwZi eenvi KiZ cvie|5. nvBMbmi bxwZ eenvi Ki Avjvi cwZdjb I cwZmiYi m~ weklY
KiZ cvie|
6. Avjvi ewZPvi evLv KiZ cvie|7. Bqs Gi w-wPo cixv evLv KiZ cvie|
8. Avjvi AceZb evLv KiZ cvie|9. Avjvi mgeZb evLv KiZ cvie|
ZvwoZP^^Kxq Zi ZvwoZPK^xq vg
ZigyL nvBMbi bxwZo aviYvo ZigyLo Avjvi cwZdjb I cwZmiY
Avjvi ewZPvio aviYvo Bqs Gi w-wPo cixv
Avjvi AceZb Avjvi mgeZb
Ag Aavq: AvaywbK c`v_wevbi m~Pbv (wcwiqW 14)wkLbdj welqe
1. AvaywbK c`v_wevbi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|1. Ro KvVvgv I ARo KvVvgv evLv KiZ cvie|2. gvBKjmb gvij cixvi djvdj weklY KiZ cvie|
3. AvBbvBbi AvcwKZv Z evLv KiZ cvie|4. Mvwjwjqvb icvi I jiUR icvi evLv KiZ cvie|
5. AvcwKZv Z Abymvi mgq mmviY, `N msKvPb Ges fi eweYbv KiZ cvie|
6. fi kwi mK evLv KiZ cvie|7. gwjK PviwU ej evLv KiZ cvie|8. gnvKvk gY AvcwKZv ZZi mgq mmvib I `N msKvPbi
wbqg eenvi KiZ cvie|9. cvi Kvjv ei wewKiY evLv KiZ cvie|
Ava~wbK c`v_wevbi aviYv Rov KvVvgv I ARo KvVvgv
(Inertial and Non Inertial Reference) gvBKjmb gvij cixv
AvBbvBmi AvcwKZv ZZ Mvwjwjqvb icvi jiUR icvi AvcwKZv Z Abymvi
o mgq mmvibo `N msKvPbo fi ew
fi kwi mK gwjK ej gnvKvk gY AvcwKZv ZZi eenvi
cvi Kvjv e i wewKiY
G i
-
cv 22
10. G ii Drcv`b cwKqv eYbv KiZ cvie|11. AvBbvBbi dUvBjKwUK wqvi NUbv eYbv KiZ cvie|12. ` eMjxi Zi aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|13. KUb wqv evLv KiZ cvie|14. nvBRbevMi AwbqZvi bxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
dUvBjKwUK wqv ` eMjxi Zi KUbi cfve nvBRbevMi AwbqZvi bxwZ
beg Aavq: cigvbyi gWj Ges wbDwKqvi c`v_wevb( wcwiqW 11)wkLbdj welqe
1. cigvYy MVbi aviYvi gweKvk eYbv KiZ cvie|2. iv`vidvW Avjdv KYv cixv eYbv KiZ cvie|3. cigvYyi MVb mwKZ iv`vidvWi gWji evLv KiZ cvie|4. iv`vidvW gWji mxgveZv evLv KiZcvie|5. evii gWji mvnvh iv`vidvW gWji mxgveZv AwZgY
evLv KiZ cvie|6. wbDwKqvmi MVb evLv KiZ cvie7. wbDwKqvi c`v_wevbi wewfb iZc~Y cwZfvm evLv KiZ
cvie|
cigvby MVbi aviYvi gweKvk iv`vidvW Avjdv KYv cixv iv`vidvWi cigvYy gWj iv`vidvW gWji mxgveZv evii cigvYy gWj wbDwKqvmi MVb
wbDwKqvi c`v_wevbi iZc~Y cwZfvmo ZRwqZv (zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzRadioactivity)o q (Decay)o AaRxeb (Half life)o Mo Rxeb (Average life)o fiwU (Mass defect)o eb kw(Binding energy)o wbDwKqvi wewqv (Nuclear Reaction)o PBb wewqv (Chain reaction)o wbDwKqvi wdDkb (Nuclear Fusion)o wbDwKqvi wdkvb (Nuclear Fission)
-
cv 23
`kg Aavq: mwgKvi I Bjwb (wcwiqW 19)
wkLbdj welqe1. KwVb c`v_i ev Z evLv KiZ cvie|2. ev Zi AvjvK cwievnx, Acwievwn Ges mwgKvi evLv KiZ
cvie|3. BbwUwK I GwUwK mwgKvi evLv KiZ cvie|
4. mwgKvi BjKUb I nvji aviYv evLv KiZ cvie|
5. wc UvBc mwgKvi Ges Gb UvBc mwgKvi Zwi evLv KiZ cvie|6. Rvskb WvqvWi MVb I Kvhg evLv KiZ cvie|7. GKgyLxKiY (Rectification) evLv KiZ cvie|
8. eenvwiKo WvqvWi c~Y exR eenvi Ki GKwU w`KcwieZx cevnK GKgyLx
cevn icvi KiZ cvie|9. Rvskb UvbwRii MVb I Kvhg evLv KiZ cvie|
10. Avgwdvqvi I myBP wnme UvbwRii eenvi evLv KiZ cvie|
11. wewfb cKvi bi^ cwZi ga i~cvi eenvi KiZ cvie|
12. evBbvwi Acvikb eenvi KiZ cvie|
13. wewfb cKvi jwRK MUi Kvhg weklY KiZ cvie|
14. eenvwiKo mgw^Z eZbx eenvi Ki MU eZbxi Kvhg (Uy_Uwej) hvPvB
KiZ cvie|
ev Z ev Zi AvjvK cwievnx Acwievwn
Ges mwgKvi BbwUwK I GwUwK mwgKvi
Bjb I nvji aviYv wc UvBc Ges Gb UvBc mwgKvi Rvskb WvqvWi Kvhg GKgyLxKiYo aviYvo exR iwwdKkb
eenvwiKo WvqvWi mvnvh GKgyLxKiY
Rvskb UvbwRi (wcGbwc,GbwcGb)o MVbo Kvhg
UvbwRii eenvio Avgwdvqvio myBP
bi^ cwZo Wwmgvjo evBbvwio Avjo nvWwmgvj
evBbvwi Acvikbo hvMo weqvMo bo fvM
jwRK MUo NOT MUo OR MUo NOR MUo X OR MUo AND MUo NAND MU
eenvwiKo MU eZbxi Kvhg(Uy_Uwej) hvPvB
-
cv 24
GKv`k Aavq: RvwZwevb (wcwiqW 5)wkLbdj welqe 1. gnvwek mwi inm evLv KiZ cvie|2. gnvweki cwiYwZ c`v_wevbi AvjvK evLv KiZ cvie|3. gnvweki g~j e I NUbv evLv KiZ cvie|4. gnvKvk cheYi Rb eenZ hi g~j bxwZ evLv KiZ cvie|
gnvwek mwi inm c`v_wevbi AvjvK gnvweki cwiYwZ gnvweki g~j e I NUbv g~jbxwZ
o iwWIUwjvco AcwUKvj Uwjvco Mvgv I Gio Kwg DcMn
jLK wb `wkKv
c`v_wevb welqwU GKv`k-v`k kwYi wevb kvLvi Rb GKwU AvewkK welq| welqwUi Rb 200 b^i eiv ivLv nqQ|c_g c b^i nQ 100 Ges wZxq c b^i nQ 100| cwZ ci Rb 140wU wcwiqW eiv AvQ| cwZwU wcwiqWiew 60wgwbU| c`v_wevb welqi wkvg wkLbdj Ges welqe Ggbfve cYqb Kiv nqQ hb eivKZ wcwiqWwkv_xiv mejv wkLbdj ARb KiZ cvi| wkvg wkv_xKw`K wkLb kLvbv (Learner centred teachinglearning) cwZ mycvwik Kiv nqQ| MZvbyMwZK gyL Kivi ceYZvK wbirmvwnZ Kiv nqQ| wK wkLZ ne ZvicwieZ wKfve wkLZ ne Gi cwZ iZ Avivc Kiv nqQ|c`v_wevb welqi cvVcyKwU iPbvi myweav_ jLKMYK wbewYZ wb `kbvjv AbymiYi Abyiva Kiv nj|
1. cvmwKZv wkv_xiv hv wkLe Zvi cvmwKZv hb Zviv Abyaveb KiZ cvi- jLKK G welqwU iZmnKvi weePbv
KiZ ne| wkLb welqwU wkv_x`i `bw`b Rxebi AwfZvi mv_ mKhy KiZ ne| wkv_xi Pvi cvk msNwUZ wewfb NUbv D`vniY wnme eenvi KiZ ne| GZ wkv_x eve Rxebi mv_
wkvi cvmwKZv LuyR cve|2. AvKlY
wkLb welqwU AekB AvKlYxq ev Avb``vqK nZ ne| wkLbK Ggbfve Dc vcb KiZ ne hb Zv wkv_x`i gbvhvM AvKlY Ki Ges Zv`i ga Drmvn mw
Ki|3. h_v_Zv
cvVwelq jLvi mgq AekB wkv_x`i gvbwmK eqmi (Mental Age) mv_ DchvMx Ki wjLZ ne| wewfb gvbi (Different abilities) wkv_x`i kLvi myhvMi cwZ j ivLZ ne A_vr wkv_x`i Rb
KvwVbi wewfb ii (Different level of difficulty) DchvMx cvV _vKe| welqe mwVK nZ ne A_vr Z, Z_, Dcv, wP, Dcgv , D`vniY wbfyj I mvwZK nZ ne| welqe Dcvcb RvwZ, Mvx, ag, eY, wj, mvswZ BZvw` BmyZ gvbyli Abyf~wZi welq h_ mPZb nZ
ne|
-
cv 25
4. Dcjw Kivi DchvwMZv wkLb welqjv mnRfve PjwZ fvlvq evaMg Ki ZyjZ ne| wkv_xi eqm DchvMx mnR I mij fvlv eenvi KiZ ne| wkLb welqjv AekB hywmsMZ I evaMg AbyQ` wef ne| G wkLbdji Pvwn`vK iZmnKvi
weePbv KiZ ne|5. wkvg QK
GB QK Aavqi Rb eivKZ wcwiqW msLv, wkLbdj, welqe `Iqv AvQ| wkv_x`i c~ecvV/AwfZv Ges PbvRvbv/Rxeb Nwb D`vniY/Qwe w`q 3-5 evKi ga GKwU f~wgKv w`q
g~j cvVi jLv i KiZ ne| wkv_x`i c~e AwfZv/welqe mswk cki gvag jLv i Kiv evbxq| wkvg QKi cwZwU Aavq eywexq (Abymvbg~jK/cixYmn), gbvcwkR I AveMxq i wkLbdj
chvqg DjL Kiv nqQ| Ze eywexq welqe Dcvcbvi mgq jLKK Gi mv_ mswk gbvcwkR IAveMxq wkLbdjK mgw^Z Ki wjLZ ne|
cwZwU Aavvqi Rb eivKZ gvU wcwiqWi 30 kZvsk mgq wkv_x`i kwY KgKvi (Abymvbg~jK/cixY/eenvwiK KvR BZvw`) Rb eiv _vKe| mswk wkLbKvhg PjvKvjxb Abymvbg~jK/cixY/eenvwiK KvR mb ne| Abymvbg~jK /cixY/eenvwiK KvRmn wkv_xi nvZ Kjg wewfb KgKvK eKi w`Z ne|
wkLbdji KvwVbi ii Pvwn`v Abyhvwq welqe Dcvcb KiZ ne| hLvb evLv ev eYbv KiZ ejvnqQ mLvb m~ ev ivwki cwZcv`b Kiv hve bv| h wkLbdj m~ ev ivwki cwZcv`b PvIqv nqQ aygvhLvbB cwZcv`b w`Z ne| Ze weklYi cqvRb ivwk ev m~i cwZcv`b Kiv hve|
cixY/eenvwiK KvR Kivi Rb Kvb c_K eenvwiK eB _vKe bv| KvRB cixY/eenvwiK KvRwUh_vh_fve mb Kivi Rb mswk welqei mv_B cixY/eenvwiK msKv cqvRbxq wb`kbv w`Z ne| G cixY/eenvwiK KvRwUi KgcwZ, KvRi aviv ev cwqv, DcKiY BZvw` mK wb `kbv _vKe|cixY/ eenvwiK/ Abymvbg~jK KvRwU hvZ mnRjf DcKYi mvnvh Ges vbxqfve mb Kiv Zvi w`Kj ivLZ ne| cixY/Abymvbg~jK KvRi mgq [wcwiqWi msLv] e DjL KiZ ne|
cwZwU Aavqi c_g cvi Wvb cvk welq mswk cavb k (Key word) DjL KiZ ne| cvV weePbv Ki cvVcyK wjLZ ne| Aavq DjwLZ wcwiqW msLvK cvV msLv weePbv KiZ ne|
cwZwU Aavq wcwiqWi msLv Ges Aavq ZvwK/nvZ Kjg /eenvwiK/Abymvbg~jK KvRi Rb cqvRbxqwcwiqW weePbv Ki Aavqi cv msLv wbaviY KiZ ne|
[
cwZwU cvVK wP, Mvd, WvUv, MvwYwZK evLv BZvw` w`q Ggbfve web KiZ ne hb wkv_xiv mRbkxj,mwkxj Ges wPb gZv ewi myhvM cvq|
cvVi wewfb Ask ck/wqv Kg/nvZ Kjg KvR (Activities) _vKe hjv Abykxjbi gvag wkLbdj ARbmnvqK ne| wqvKgmg~n nZ cvi hgb cwZe`b Zwi, mvi msc iPbv, cvvi Zwi Kiv, WBs, mgmvmgvavb, nvZ Kjg cixY, `jMZ AvjvPbv, weZK BZvw`| nvZ Kjg KvRmn wkv_xi wewfb KgKvK e
-
cv 26
Ki w`Z ne| chvR KvRi wb `kbvI GZ _vKe| cixY/Abymvbg~jK KvRmg~n mnRjf Gesvbxqfve Kiv hvq Ggb DcKiYi eenviK cvavb w`Z ne|
D`vniY, Qwe BZvw`i Rvi mgZv eRvq ivLZ ne| MZvbyMwZK avivq gyL Ki cixvq c wZ bIqvi eZgvb ceYZvK m~Yic cwinvi Kivi j eBZ
mivmwi Zwi Ki `Iqv, QK cv_K wjL `Iqv wKsev Kvb cki Di mvwRq `Iqv hve bv| msv gyLKivi cwieZ Dcgv-D`vniYi gvavg aviYv ARbi eev _vKZ ne|
cwZwU Aavq kl Key Word wfwK GKwU mvi msc (Recapitulations) _vKe|6. cvVeBqi KvVvgv
c_g I wZxq Dfq ci Rb `ywU c_K cyK ne cwZ c cv msLv ne 330| cwZwU cyK cv msLv ne , Ze 10% nvm ev 10% ew nZ cvi
-
jLK`i Rb mvaviY wb `kbv
welqe Dc vcb (Content Presentation)1. cvVcy K cYqbi mgq welqe mnR, evaMg I PwjZ fvlvq kwY DchvMx Ki wjLZ ne| cwZwU Aavq
I welqe i mv_ wcwiqW msLv wbavwiZ iqQ| m Abyhvqx `ZvwfwK wkLbdji AvjvK welqe KGgbfve myweb KiZ ne hvZ wcwiqW gvZveK Zv mb Kiv me nq|
2. cvVcy Ki welqe i fvlv cvj Ges mnReva nZ ne| G kwY-DchvwMKiYi wePvieva mPZbnZ ne|
3. cvVcy K AavqwfwK Dc vcb KiZ ne| (cwZwU Aavq cqvRbxqmsLK wkv_xi Kgc Zwi KiZne| Kgc nZ ne wkLbdj cwic~iY Ki Ggb KvR hv kwYZ mb Kiv me nq|)
4. cwZwU Aavq jLvi mgq wkLb i (eywewq- vb, Abyaveb, cqvM, I DPZi `Zv; AveMxq IgbvcwkR ) cwZdjb welqe iga iqQ wKbv m mK jLKMYK me` v mPZb _vKZ ne|
5. jLvi aib Ggb nZ ne hvZ welqe Abyavebi ga w`q wkv_x gywhyi PZbv, ivxq Av`k ImvgvwRK g~jeva mwKZ aviYv ARbi gvag gvbweK I bwZK g~jeva mb fwelZ bvMwiK wnmeMo DVZ cvi|
6. RvwZ, ag, Mv, eY wbwekl KviI Abyf~wZZ AvNvZ jvMZ cvi Ggb Kvbv k ev evK eenvi Kiv hvebv|
7. `ZvwfwK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe eYbv KiZ ne hvZ wkv_xi mRbkxjZvi weKvk me nq| bvUwKsev MvBW eBqi vBj cqU wfwK (KviY, cfve, cwZKvi ,f~wgKv,cqvRbxqZv cfwZ)welqe Dc vcbKiv hve bv|
8. cwZwU Aavq kl AbykxjbxZ Kgc 1wU mRbkxj ck Ges vb, Abyaveb, cqvM I DPZi `Zv ic~iY Ki Ggb wZb aibi ewbevPbx ck mshvRb KiZ ne|
9. Rvi mgZv iv Ki cvVe (Text Material) iwPZ ne|10. wbfihvM Drm _K nvj bvMv` Z_-Dcv msMn Ki mswk cvV mshvwRZ ne|11. Z, wewa, m~, wbqg-cwZ Dc vcbvi ev e Rxebi NUbv DjL Ki wKsev Rxeb Nwb D`vniYi
mvnvh wjLZ ne|
evbvb I fvlvixwZ (Spelling & Language Rule)12. evsjv GKvWgxi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY KiZ ne|13. fvlv nZ ne mnR, cvj I kwY DchvMx|
Aavq wb `kbv (Chapter Instruction)14. Aavqmg~ni wfb wfb wkivbvg iqQ| jLKMY Aavq wkivbvg DjL Ki welqe Dc vcb Kieb Ges
Aavq wkivbvg, aviYvmg~ni BsiwR cwZk eenvi KiZ ne|15. m~wPc Aavqi AMZ cwZwU welq (hv wkvg DwjwLZ) cv b^imn DjL Kieb|
cvVcy K Dc vcb (Text Book Presentation)16. cvVcy Ki Kfvi cv mswk welqi fveavivi AvwK AvKlYxq cQ` eenvi KiZ ne|17. Aavq bi^ 14, Aavq wkivbvg 24, nW wkivbvg 16, mvenW wkivbvg 14, welqe dU mvBR 13 webvm
Ai mvBR Ges jvBb m 1.2 AbymiY Ki cwZwU Aavq Dc vcb KiZ ne|18. Aavqi welqe i mv_ mswk Qwe/wP/mviwY/gvbwP BZvw` cvmwK, AvKlYxq I nZ ne|19. cZK welqi 100 b^ii ci Rb cv msLv 230-240 (Kg-ewk) Gi ga nZ ne|
Cover.pdfGeneric_ Curriculum-11-12 Final.pdfCommittee.pdfXI-XII Physics Curriculum.docx21.11.12.pdfWriters Instruction.pdf