physics unit 5 electromagnetic spectrum - parson's...
TRANSCRIPT
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Physics Unit 5Waves – Light & Sound
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Wave• A rhythmic disturbance that transfers
energy through matter and/or a vacuum• Material a wave travels through is called the
medium• 2 types of waves:
1. Transverse2. Compressional (Longitudinal)
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Transverse• Matter in the wave moves at right angles to
the direction of the wave front
mid line (resting position)
Crest
Trough
amplitude
Wavelength (λ)
Examples: gamma radiation, x-ray, UV, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio, TV, water
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Compressional (Longitudinal)• Matter moves in the same direction as
(along with) the wave frontcompression
rarefaction
λ
Example: sound
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Transverse & Compressional• Amplitude (A)
-determined by amount of energy• Wavelength (λ)
-determined by the wave frequency• Frequency (f)
-number of waves per second-measured in hertz (Hz)
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Transverse & Compressional• Velocity (v)
-v = λf-varies based on temperature, what it is traveling thru-stays the same in a given medium
• velocity of light (all transverse waves)- 300,000,000 m/s
• velocity of sound (longitudinal waves)-330 m/s
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Frequency Comparisons• Transverse • Longitudinal
High frequency-purple light
Low frequency-red light
High frequency-High pitch
low frequency-low pitch
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Amplitude Comparisons• Transverse • Longitudinal
High amplitude-bright light
Low amplitude-dim light
High amplitude-loud
low amplitude-quiet
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Transverse vs. Longitudinal
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Check upWhich has a
longer λ?-A
Which has higher frequency?
-BWhich has higher
amplitude?-both same
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Physics Unit 5Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Electromagnetic Spectrum• Transverse waves that go in order of
increasing frequencies (decreasing wavelengths)
• some wave frequencies overlap
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5._______
4._______
3._______
2._______
1._______
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13._______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5._______
4._______
3._______
2._______
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13._______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5._______
4._______
3._______
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13._______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5._______
4._______
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13._______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5._______
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13._______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13._______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange _______ _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow _______ _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green _______ _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue _______
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6._______
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7._______
6.ultraviolet
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8._______
7.x-ray
6.ultraviolet
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8.Gamma
7.x-ray
6.ultraviolet
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9._______ frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8.Gamma
7.x-ray
6.ultraviolet
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9.Low frequency10._______ wavelength
11._______ frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8.Gamma
7.x-ray
6.ultraviolet
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9.Low frequency10._______ wavelength
11.High frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8.Gamma
7.x-ray
6.ultraviolet
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9.Low frequency10.Long wavelength
11.High frequency12._______ wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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8.Gamma
7.x-ray
6.ultraviolet
5.visible light
4.infrared
3.microwaves
2.Radio
1.TV
9.Low frequency10.Long wavelength
11.High frequency12.Short wavelength
13.red orange yellow green blue violet
Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Exploring Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Doppler Effect
• The apparent shift in frequency caused by the movement of the sound source or the movement of the observer.
• When the waves get crunched together (in front of the moving sound) the frequency of the wave is increased and the sound is high in pitch.
• When the waves get spread apart (behind the moving sound) the frequency of the wave is decreased and the sound is low in pitch.
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Doppler Effect
High pitch
Low pitch
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Doppler Effect
• Used in police radar to determine the speed of an oncoming car.
• Used by meteorologists to determine the size and speed of an approaching frontal system.
• Explains the sound you hear when listening to a Nascar race!
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Waves• Since waves travel at fast speeds in straight
lines, eventually they will run into something.
• Sometimes they run into things.• Sometimes they run into other waves.
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1. Reflection
• If a wave strikes an object and bounces off, we say that it has reflected.
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Law of Reflection
• The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
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Law of Reflection
• The law holds true even if the reflective surface is not flat.
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Reflection• An image formed in a concave or convex
mirror is distorted, but the angles of incidence and reflection are always equal. (Think about your image in a fun-house mirror!)
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2. Refraction
• If a wave strikes an object and passes through it, we say it has been refracted.
• When a wave passes from one medium into another, its speed changes. When a wave’s speed changes, it changes direction as well.
When a wave is slowed, it bends toward the normal line. When a wave speeds up, it bends away from the normal line.
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Refraction
• Different media cause waves to bend different amounts.
• The amount that a medium bends waves passing through it is called its index of refraction.
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Refraction
This pencil appears to be bent because light traveling from the pencil to your eye is bent at the surface of the water.
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Refraction
It is difficult to dive for coins in a pool or spear fish in a lake because the light traveling from the object to your eye is bent at the surface of the water, changing its apparent location.
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RefractionDiamond has a high index of refraction. Light is bend sharply as it passes through diamond. This is why we can often see many different colors coming off of a diamond. Some light is also reflected off the surface of the diamond. This is sometimes called ‘sparkle.’
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3. Absorption• If a wave strikes an object and does not
reflect off the surface or pass through, it is absorbed.
• In this case, the wave energy is converted into heat and the temperature of the object increases.
• Dark colors absorb more energy than light colors.
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Reflection• Wave bounces off an object
4. Incident Wave
1. ∠ incidence2. Normal line
3. ∠ reflection
5. Reflected Wave
Law of Reflection: ∠ incidence = ∠ reflection
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Refraction• Waves pass through the medium
air
glasssurface
9. Normal line
8. Incident wave
10. refracted wave
7. ∠ Incidence
11. ∠ Refraction
When a wave slows down, it bends toward the normal line
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Interference
Constructive1.
2. Destructive
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Interference
Destructive3.
4. Constructive