physics program and construction statusinsti.physics.sunysb.edu/itp/conf/neutrino/talks/lang.pdf ·...

1YITP Conference: Neutrinos and Implications for Physics Beyond The Standard Model, Stony Brook, Oct. 11-13, 2002

K. Lang - The University of Texas at Austin

MINOS

Physics Program and

Construction Status

Karol LangThe University of Texas at Austin

YITP: Neutrinos and Implications for Physics BeyondThe Standard Model, Stony Brook, Oct. 11-13, 2002



MINOSMain Injector Neutrino Oscillation Study

Outline:•Physics Goals

•NuMI beam ν’s•CR atmospheric ν’s

•Construction Progress•Beginning of data collection

•CalDet•Cosmics



Strategy

•Two-detector measurement• high mass w/ low price / kg• reliable and robust technology• underground (shielding)

•Use high intensity 120 GeV MI•4x1013 protons/pulse•0.4 MW•Single turn extraction (8.4µs)•4x1020 protons/year

•Flexible well-controlled beam •(Hadronic hose)

Det. 2Det. 1 735kmNow: Start data collection in early 2005



MINOS Collaboration

32 institutions175 physicists



MINOS sensitivity to Oscillations

Projections are for2 years of running



Near to Far projections

NoOscillations

2 yrs of running



Electron appearance (Ue32 )

10 kT Years of data

• Sensitivity is determinedby statistical fluctuation ofthe NC π0 BG in the fardetector.

• Limit on Ue32 will scale

like 1/sqrt(N) and is notlimited by systematics forany realistic exposure.

• Limit can be further improved by removing high-energy tail from the NuMI beam and increasedproton flux in later years.

• Ultimate MINOS limits~1/3 as shown here assumingextended running.



NuMI beams

Horn 1

Horn 2677 m decay pipe NearDetectorTarget



NuMI neutrino beams

νµ CC Events/kt/yearLow Medium High470 1,270 2,740

νµ CC Events/MINOS/2 yearLow Medium High

5,080 13,800 29,600

4x1020 protons on target/year4x1013 protons/1.9 seconds

horns and target can be moved to tune to a different energy spectrum

In a later stage (> 2007 ?) running withAntineutrinos is foreseen



Modern tools of experimental particle physics:TBM – Tunneling Boring Machine

Decay pipe is finished and encased in concrete

TBM - front

Tunneling: a nightmare…but it’s over



Detector technology

MAIN FEATURES:

•Extruded scintillator strips• Far in 8 modules

•Wavelength-shifting + clear fibers•8m octagonal 1 in thick Fe plates

• Far in 8 pieces•Multi-anode PMT readout

• M16 in Far• M64 in Near

•8-fold optical multiplexing in Far•Front-ends

•VA(IDE) for M16 •QIE for M64

•Software trigger

R5900-00-M16 9G20C5

-10

-7.5

-5

-2.5

0

2.5

5

7.5

10

-10 -5 0 5 10

Mean Charge, Normalized by pixel

-10

-7.5

-5

-2.5

0

2.5

5

7.5

10

-10 -5 0 5 100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Gain (106) by position

-10

-7.5

-5

-2.5

0

2.5

5

7.5

10

-10 -5 0 5 10

Photoelectrons, Normalized by pixel

-10

-7.5

-5

-2.5

0

2.5

5

7.5

10

-10 -5 0 5 100

10

20

30

40

50

60

Photoelectrons by position



Far – 735.3 km away

• 2 Supermodules• 5.4 kT• 484 scint. planes• 92,928 strips (4.1 x 1.0 cm)• 8-fold MUXed 2-ended readout• 1452 M16s• 722 km of WLS fiber• 794 km of clear fiber

• B ~ 1.5T (R=2m)• HAD ~ 55% / E 1/2

• EM ~ 23% / E 1/2

MINOS

Soudan 2/CDMS II

shaft

MUX box

MUX box

28-w

ide28

-wide

28-w

ide

20-w

ide20

-wide

20-w

ide20

-wide

28-w

ide



Plane assembly

Steel Welded and modules placed. Plane lifted to verticalFarDet Installation by Week

050

100150200250300350400450500

7/16/2

001

9/10/2

001

11/5/

2001

12/31

/2001

2/25/2

002

4/22/2

002

6/17/2

002

8/12/2

002

10/7/

2002

12/2/

2002

1/27/2

003

3/24/2

003

5/19/2

003

Plan

es In

stal

led

Schedule (future at 6.4 pln/wk)Planes InstalledMilestones

6-8 Planes per week

Crane carries plane down the hall for installation



FarDet: Second Super-module underway

Status as of October 2, 2002 (week #63):•SM 1 completed (248 planes)•SM 1 Bfield is on •SM 2 25% completed •309/312 read out coil



Near – 1040 m away

• veto - target - shower - µ spectrometer• 1 kT• 3.8 x 4.8 “squeezed” octagon• 12,300 scint.strips• 1-end readout• no-multiplexing• 220 M64s• QIE-based front-end•282 steel planes•153 scintillator planes• 65 km WLS fiber• 51 km clear fiber

µ spectrometer region

ν target region

Near detector will provide high event statistics for “mundane” neutrino physics



NearDet construction

Status as of October 2, 2002•70% (108/153) planes assembled and “shelved”•Beneficial occupancy of the Near Hall in Dec’03•Near detector will be ready 8 months later (Oct’04)



The third detector - CalDet

•MINOS calibration challenge:•Near/Far relative calibration to 2%•absolute calibration of 5%

•Main ingredients:•cosmic ray muons

•energy scale calibration•strip-to-strip response•muon energy unit (MEU)

•light injection system•PMT gain drifts•PMT/electronics linearity

•calibration detector (CalDet)•define MEU•topology and pattern recognition 2 CalDet modules being staged in T7



CalDet – it’s an experiment…

T11 (and T7) at CERNLast Dipole

Electronics and PMTs

Beam Line

•5 tons•1 m x 1 m x 3.7 m•60 MINOS planes •5 modules (for moving) •24 strips/plane (a total of 1440 strips)•Consecutive scintillator planes rotated 90o

•FarDet and/or NearDet readout•Clear and green (to simulate size of far

detector) ribbon cable transports light to PMTs

•No B field

• ~3,200 front-end channels• T11 (0.5-3.5 GeV/c) & T7 (1-10GeV/c)• full MINOS calibration scheme• “paved the road” for commissioning of FarDet• data in 2001,2002, 2003• taking data now analysis



CalDet: light injection and muons

System stable to 2% over 4 daysLight

Injection

muons(beam and CR)

Gain corrected MEU

Calibration good to ~1%



CalDet: electrons

Strip vs. Plane profile, weighted by number of hits

Strip vs. Plane profile, weighted by MEU deposited

Sample Event (2GeV e+)

Even Plane view Odd Plane view

Strip

•MEU: Muon Energy Unit, mean pulse height due to a through-going muon measured in a strip end

ME

U

PlaneStrip

Hits

StripPlane

“Wings”due to PMT xtalk

Plane

Relative Pulse H

eightPreliminary 2001(better data in 2002)



CalDet: pions and protons

Sample Proton EventsEven Plane view Odd Plane view

Sample Pion EventsEven Plane view Odd Plane view

Strip

Strip

Relative Pulse H

eight

Relative Pulse H

eight

3.5 GeV 3.5 GeV

2 GeV

1 GeV

PlanePlane

2 GeV

1 GeV



Front-end electronics comparison:NearDet vs FarDet in CalDet

•In order to have NearDetand FarDet respond similarily they have to be … different.

•This is due to scales of the detectors and event ratesdifference by ~105

•VA + M16 (8x multiplexed)

•QIE + M64 (not multiplexed)



MINOS Observatory:Atmospheric Neutrinos and Muons

•B field makes MINOS a unique underground observatory

– measure charge and momentum of muons from ~0.5-70 GeV/c.

– distinguish neutrinos from anti-neutrinos (for pµ > ~1 GeV/c)– measure Eν (even w/ exiting muon):

determines L/E• Use timing and topology for event direction•MINOS will directly compare atmospheric

νµ and νµ oscillations•Measure contained events and upward going muons•Start data-taking before NuMI beam•Opportunities for young researchers

σ=2.6 ns

Number of events in 24 kT years Neutrino AntineutrinoReconstructed contained vertex with muon 620 400Reconstructed upgoing muon 280 120



MINOS Observatory:CR muons

Upward candidate Downward candidate



FarDet CR Muons

Parallel to Detector planes

Muons with cos(θ)<0.1are neutrino induced.

30 plane cut

+

-

ChargeSelection!



MINOS Observatory News:bending muons!

Stopping muon

Prange = 3.86 GeV/c

Pcurvature = 4.03 GeV/c



MINOS Observatory News:Upward muon candidate



MINOS Observatory Challenge:Finding a ν-dle in a stack of steel…

3.5 m

4.1 kT

MINOSis not

hermetic

Reconstructed “vertices” for cosmic rayevents which have a track that ends insidethe detector. Most are clearly downgoingstopping muons. A few mis-reconstructfor known reasons (hardware and software commissioning) which will be fixed soon.

Example of one downgoing stopping muonwhich appears to have a vertex just inside the nominal fiducial volume of the detector.This was due to tracking software which is not yet completely commissioned.



MINOS Observatory:Muon veto shield

Conclusion: need a veto shield

Veto shield prototype



MINOS Observatory News:Contained event candidate



Summary

•MINOS and NuMI construction progressing very wellFarDet: 65%NearDet: 70% (but not underground)CalDet: taking data / analysis underway

•MINOS observatory in operationSM 1 B field is onCollect CR data

calibration, commissioningphysics

•Full FarDet complete in June 2003•NearDet well underway

•Will be well prepared for the beam in Dec’04



How to assemble a MINOS sandwichin 100 seconds

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