physics of the charm quark gene golowich physics department univ. of massachusetts amherst ma...
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![Page 1: Physics of the Charm Quark Gene Golowich Physics Department Univ. of Massachusetts Amherst MA Colloquium Wayne State Univ. September 22, 2005](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d6a5503460f94a48487/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physics of the Charm Quark
Gene GolowichPhysics Department
Univ. of MassachusettsAmherst MA
ColloquiumWayne State Univ. September 22, 2005
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Rough Outline
• Some Background Comments
• Some Standard Model
• Some New Physics
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‘Coals to Newcastle’
• ExperimentCLEO: Bonvicini, Cinabro, Dubrovin
CDF: Harr, Karchin
• TheoryPetrov, Gabbiani, AlFiky
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Discovery of Charm
Age: c-quark will turn 31 on 11/11
Birth: East Coast (BNL) West Coast (SLAC)
SLAC Method:
Narrow resonance at E = 3.1 GeV!
Thereafter called the `J/’
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The Standard Model
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NuTeV Anomaly?
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Three Years of Tests
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Spectrum of Quark Masses
Predict this Spectrum: Easy/Hard?
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Quark Masses and Theory
• Predict quark masses? No viable models
exist
• What about String Theory? String ground state huge! `Landscape’ description. Many-universes scenario. Elementary constants random! Lucky us! We EXIST!!
• What about mc = 1.3 GeV? Difficult theoretically. Not heavy enough! Not light enough! Complications of QCD
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QED vs QCD
QED
QCD
ρ E
JtE/B
baabcccAEgερE
)AB(Egε
Jt/EB
babaabc
aaa
V
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Progress in Lattice QCD
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Standard Model Physics
• D Meson Ground State
• The spectator c-quark: Bc Mesons
• D Decays: Leptonic, Semileptonic,
Nonleptonic
• Spectroscopy: Exotic states?
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D Meson Ground State
Predict the States: Easy/Hard?
qC
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D Meson Ground State
q = u D0
q = d D+
q = s Ds+
Easy! 3* of SU(3)
qC
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Flavored Mesons
Each quark has its own ‘flavor’
Quark composites are ‘flavored’
s-quark: K’s =
c-quark: D’s =
b-quark: B’s =
The t-quark decays too quickly!
qs
qc
qb
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Bc Mesons!
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Leptonic Decay of D+
Decay Amplitude:
Decay Constant fD:
Non-perturbative efect.Requires Lattice QCD!
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fD: Theory vs Experiment
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Semileptonic Decays
Decay Amplitude:
D0 K e+ e
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Form Factor Slopes
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Nonleptonic Decays
Decay Amplitude:
A = a ei
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Dalitz Studies
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Phase Information
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More Dalitz
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Comparative Lifetimes
B: B- = b B0 = d
-/0 = 0.92
u b
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Comparative Lifetimes
B: B- = b B0 = d
-/0 = 0.92
D: D0 = c D+ = c
-/0 = 2.55
du
u b
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Comparative Lifetimes
B: B- = b B0 = d
-/0 = 0.92
D: D0 = D+ =
-/0 = 2.55
K: K- = K0 =
-/0 = 139.
u b
uc dc
sdus
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Charm Production
e+e- collisions produce charm.
There are predictions for this.
Not all data are understood!
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Heavy Meson Spectroscopy
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X(3872) Sighting
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Is X(3872) a Molecule?
AlFiky, Gabbiani, Petrov (2005) [plus others]
Interpret X(3872) as a bound state of hadrons ( )
Analogous to the Deuteron!
Similar molecular state predicted long ago.
Beware: other interpretations possible.
00 KK
00 DD
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Y(3940)
2/d.o.f. = 15.6/8
stat. sig. = 8.1
above D*D threshold
not found in DD or
D*D final states
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Is Y(3940) a ‘Hybrid’?
Hybrid Meson : Color-octet quark-antiquark couples to
color-octet gluon to yield color-singlet hadron
G
]q[C
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D0 K- +
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Where are CP Violations?
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New Physics and Charm
• Methodology?
• Rare Decays of D Mesons
• Flavor Oscillations
• CP Violations (not discussed here)
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Methodology
How to find ‘New Physics’?
Study systems where SM signals are small. Ideal
forcharm:
A] Rare Decays
B] Flavor Oscillations
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D0 + - in the SM
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Data and D0 + -
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D0 0 e+ e-
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Flavor Oscillations
Mixing
Mixing also in K0,Bd and Bs.
Each of these is different!
00 DD
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Two Coupled Penduli
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The ‘Spring’
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New Physics and Mixing
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The Normal Modes
Normal Modes
Effect of CP:
2/]D[DD 00
00 D|D|CP
D|D|CP
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Mixing of Bd Mesons
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Mixing of Bs Mesons
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Mixing of K Mesons
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Mixing of D0 Mesons
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Recent Work on D0 Mixing
Theory:Effect of QCD incorporated
intoanalysis of D0 mixing by
Golowichand Petrov. Work continues.
Experiment;Especially interesting are
attemptsto measure D at the 1%
level.
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Summary I
• The c-quark is a remarkably spry 31 year old!
• A very active social life: Spectroscopy Flavor oscillations Rare decays CP violation searches
• After studies at CDF, CLEO, Belle and BaBar will come the long awaited LHC.
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Summary II
• Flavor mixing of D mesons will be a hot topic for both experimenters and theorists.
• Exotic charm states (hybrid and/or molecular) will continue to attract much attention.