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Physician Payment Sunshine Act Lessons Learned in Preparation and Implementation

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Page 1: Physician Payment Sunshine Act - Policy and Medicinepolicymed.typepad.com/files/physician-payment-sunshine-lessons... · Physician Payment Sunshine Act ... leading online coverage

Physician Payment Sunshine ActLessons Learned in Preparation 

and Implementation

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Thomas Sullivan

2

• Former political consultant who founded Rockpointe, Inc. a                                        bio‐medical education company in 1995.

• Authority in changing medical education environment and economy

• Author of Policy and Medicine, the leading online coverage of the Sunshine Act, a resource informing the medical community on trends, threats and changing processes

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Marc Eigner

• Heads Polaris Management Partners technology practice. 

• Leading expert in HCP spend automation (Polaris works with over 80 companies),  Pharma compliance technology and aggregate spend systems. 

• Marc previously worked for Accenture and IBM.

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Disclaimer

• The views expressed in this presentation represent our own opinions and those gleamed from discussions and work with attorneys. 

• This presentation does not represent legal advice.

• We recommend you discuss many of your questions with your own attorneys.

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Open Payments August 1, 2013

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In General

• The Sunshine Act requires applicable manufacturers (AM) of “covered” drugs, devices, biologics, or medical supplies to report annually to the Secretary of HHS certain payments or other transfers of value to covered recipients (CR)‐‐physicians and teaching hospitals.

• The Sunshine Act does not “ban” any payments but simply requires reporting of payments and transfers of value

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Final Rule: February 1, 2013 

• Data collection begins Aug. 1, 2013

• Report Aug through December 2013

• Report Due to CMS by March 31, 2014

• Physicians Can Register in Open Payments – January 1, 2014

• Summer 2014 – Physicians Data Review and Ask for Corrections

• Post on CMS website by Sept. 30, 2014

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Who Reports?

• Applicable manufacturers of covereddrugs, devices, biologicals, and medical supplies

• Applicable Group Purchasing Organizations (GPOs)• Report only physician ownership, investment interests

• Definition includes physician owned distributors (PODs) that purchase products for resale

• If you bill Medicare, Medicaid and SCHIP

• Excludes OTC Only Makers

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Covered Recipients

• Physician/and or group practice– MD’s, DO’s, Dentists, Dental Surgeons, Podiatrists, Optometrists, or Chiropractors

– All physicians that have a current license Regardless of whether enrolled with CMS Regardless of whether treating patients

• Does not include payments to residents• Payments to non‐CRs meant to pass through to physician must report as indirect payment

• Excludes payments to non‐U.S. physicians– Includes foreign transactions with U.S. physicians

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Covered Recipients

• Teaching hospital– Any Institution receiving payments under:  Indirect medical education (IME) 

(1886(d)(5)(B) SSA) Direct Graduate Medical Education (GME) 

(1886)(h)) Psychiatric hospital IME (1886(s))

– CMS has published a list of 1,000 hospitals – Does not include payments to non‐healthcare departments at universities affiliated with hospital

– Must report indirect payments as required

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Covered Recipients

• Does not include nurses, NPs, PAs, Pharmacists, Nurses, other allied health professionals

• Must comply with State laws (e.g., MA, DC, VT)

• Not legal agents of AM w/ MD on staff

• Does not include payments to physician who is a “bona fide” employee of the AM

• CMS will use case‐specific analysis to determine

• If (1) board members, (2) medical directors, (3) retirees, and (4) prospective employees are CRs

• Employees who are physician investor/owners

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Civil Monetary Penalties

Failure to Report

Knowing Failure to Report

Total annual CMPs

Consolidated Reports

• $1,000 ‐ $10,000/ Per Payment• Maximum Penalty $150,000

• $10,000 ‐ $100,000 Per Payment • Maximum Penalty $1,000,000

• Aggregated separately• Maximum combined $1,150,000

• CMPs apply to AM that actually submits report and signs attestation

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Public Availability of Data

• CMS must publish data publicly online• Must be searchable and understandable• Must be easily aggregated and downloadable

• Provide background on industry‐physician relationships

• Include any enforcement activities taken• Education + outreach to stakeholders, FAQ• Allow researchers access to basically all info

• Media/News, DOJ, Plaintiff/Qui Tam/Divorce Lawyers, IRS, Institutions

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45‐Day Review Period: Process

• Physicians sign into CMS secure website • Review data only about covered recipient• Initiate dispute when identified

• Sent to AM or GPO

• Additional 15 days to correct/resolve dispute• After, submit updated data & re‐attest• Published only if dispute resolved in this period

• Can also review/submit corrections for data updated by AM’s• No limit on # of times to review/dispute transaction

• Any changes from disputes outside 45‐day• Not made until “next time data is refreshed”

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What information must be reported?

• Covered recipient name and business address• NPI  Number and Specialty• State professional license #(s) at least one State• The amount and date of payment• Form of Payment 

• Cash or cash equivalent • In‐kind items or services• Stock, stock option, ownership interest, • Dividend, profit or other return on investment

• Nature of such payment (16 categories)• If payment or transfer relates to marketing, education, 

or research of a drug, device, biological, or medical supply, the related product must also be identified

• Product Market Name and NDC Code• Context: 200 characters

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Natures of Payment Categories

1. Travel & lodging (destination)2. Consulting fee3. Current or prospective 

ownership or investment interest

4. Research5. Gift 6. Entertainment7. Food & Beverage8. Royalty or license

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Natures of Payment Categories (Education)

• Education• Honoraria• Compensation for services other than consulting, e.g. speaking at non‐CE event

• Compensation for serving as faculty or speaker at accredited/certified CE event

• Compensation for serving as faculty or speaker at unaccredited/non‐certified CE

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Research Payments

• All payments made in connection with an activity that meets the definition of research, and that are subject to a written agreement, contract, or research protocol, or both, are reported under “special rules.”

• Certain research payments made to a CR by an AM under a product research or development agreement may be delayed from publication on the Web site. 

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Payment Exclusion Categories

1. Indirect payments where AM is unaware of identity of CR

2. Payments <$10 unless annual >$1003. Product samples, vouchers, coupons 4. Educational materials/items that 

directly benefit patients or intended for patient use, value of services to educate patients

5. 90 day equipment loans6. Items/services under contract 

warranty7. Physician as patient

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What is an Indirect Payment?

• Direct Payment• Manufacturer pays physician or hospital directly

• Indirect Payment• Manufacturer pays a 3rd party directly, the 3rd party then pays a physician or Hospital

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Payments on Behalf of or At the Request of

• Payments “at the request of” or “designated on behalf of” a covered recipient refers to 

• a situation in which an entity or individual receives and keeps the payment that was made on behalf of (or at the request of) the covered recipient and the covered recipient does not receive the payment or other transfer of value.  

• Rather, the covered recipient directs the payment or other transfer of value and does not receive the payment personally. 

• Such payments are different than indirect

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Exemption Criteria for CME ProgramsThe guidance released by CMS for the reporting of payments related to CME programs to covered recipients, outlines three criteria that must be met in order for a CME program to be exempt from reporting.

1. The CME program is accredited by the ACCME, AOA, AAFP, AMA, ADA CERP. 

2. The manufacturer does not make a payment or transfer of value directly to speakers/faculty or attendees/ participants that are deemed covered recipients.

3. The manufacturer does not select or influence the selection of speakers/faculty or attendees/participants.

AND

AND

Note: If a payment or transfer of value is made directly or indirectly to a Teaching Hospital, the payment or transfer of value must be reported, regardless of the above guidelines.

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Speakers

UNACCREDITED–not‐exempt

• Meals• Reportable, based on rules for meals

• Travel• Reportable including destination

• Speaking Fees• Reportable 

• Steering Committee• Reportable

ACCREDITED–meets 3 cond.

• Meals• Not Reportable

• Travel• Not Reportable

• Speaking Fees• Not Reportable• Identity inapplicable after grant awarded 

• Steering Committee• Not Reportable

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UNACCREDITED–not‐exempt ACCREDITED–meets 3 cond.

Attendees

• Meals• Reportable, based on rules for meals

• Travel• Reportable including destination

• Educational value • Reportable, including slides, materials, items

• Meals• Reportable, for meals where the cost is separately identifiable

• Travel• Prohibited under SCS

• Educational value• Not reportable if part of CME activity, meets conditions

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Lessons Learned from Planning and  Implementing Sunshine

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Functional AreasCorporate

Sales

Entertainment, Meals, Gifts

Educational Items

Reprints

Samples, Coupons, Vouchers

Local Sponsorships

Marketing

Speaker Fees

Speaker Expenses

Entertainment, Meals, Gifts

Market Research

Consulting

Advertising

Medical Affairs

Advisory Boards

Continuing Medical Education

Charitable Contributions

Patient Education

Entertainment, Meals Gifts

Educational Items

Samples, Coupons, Vouchers

Managed Markets

Entertainment, Meals, Gifts

Samples, Coupons, Vouchers

Rebates

Clinical Affairs

Investigator Payments

Organization Payments

Samples

Advisory Boards

Consulting

Publications

Research and Development

Clinical Trials

Consulting

Sponsorships Consulting

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Where To Start?Aggregate Spend  Implementation Steps

Process & Project Management Legal Technology Operations

• Spend Discovery and Gap Assessment

• Strategic Aggregate Spend Solution Roadmap

• Policy, Procedure and Process Map Development

•Organizational Structure Advisory Services

• Legal Perspective Assessment

• State Law Data Repository 

• Legal Updates 

• Spend Capture Systems

• Semi‐Automated Aggregate Spend Solution

• End – to – End Aggregate Spend Solution

• Implementation Management

• Requirements Gathering

• Business Rule Configuration• Integration with MDM and Reporting Tools

•Monitor collected information to ensure timeliness and accuracy across vendor and home office users

• Validate line item expense and profile details for each reporting state

•Work with spend capture submitters to follow up and review potential items of issue

• Run and monitor spend cap reports and thresholds

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High Level Steps for Transparency Implementation

Spend Discovery & Solution Roadmap

SOP & Template Development

Aggregate Spend Training

Aggregate Spend System Implementation

Operations & Ongoing Support

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Performing Spend Discovery Assessments: Tools

• Identify all payments to HCPs and HCOs across the organization• Identify processes and systems which capture aggregate spend information and the level of detail captured

• Assess gaps in process, data and technology• Create roadmap for aggregate spend solution implementation which addresses identified gaps

Goals

• Clear picture of spend across the organization• Understanding of gaps in processes and systems• Understanding of the work required to meet aggregate spend requirements; likely before significant investments have been made

Benefits

Discussion BoardDiscussion Board

Performed Validation of 

Aggregate Spend Reports

Performed Auditing and Monitoring 

Activities 

Developed Ongoing Training and 

Communication Resource

Responded to Inquiries Regarding 

HCP/ HCO Disclosure Disputes

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Assessment – Detailed Steps

•Conduct kickoff meeting with key stakeholders

•Meet with Core Team to finalize scope and gain baseline understanding of the existing process

•Request necessary documentation, such as Policies, Procedures, SOPs, etc

•Schedule interviews•Develop assessment tools

•Review policies and SOPs•Conduct interviews to gain understanding of applicable processes, technology and all possible spend items

•Identify all spend item sources for capture and develop Spend Matrix

•Compare currently captured spend at Client to industry practices and state law requirements

•Identify gaps in reporting for state laws, aggregate spend capture, process efficiencies and system technologies

•Develop recommended action steps to address gaps

•Develop prioritized roadmap for implementation of action steps

•Develop project plan and timeline for implementing short term action steps

Phase 1: Plan

Phase 2: Assess and Benchmark

Phase 3: Recommend and Develop Roadmap

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Indirect Payment Tracking

• What organizations are doing to track indirect payments

• Clear instructions and training vendors, hospitals, associations, CRO’s

• Providing forms templates and software for vendors

• Providing access to lists of physician NPI and State License #’s

• Vendors have Multiple Company Requirements

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Training

• Important that Staff Understand the Requirements

• Integration with other training functions• Limit the information to what is important• Focused on Specific Areas of Application for Recipient

• Utilize existing LMS platform• Some tracking element for future audits• Online Training Modules

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Data Accuracy

• Doctors are concerned with the accuracy of the data (AMA)

• Accuracy of data is vital• Process for Dispute Resolution• Company checks and balances• Companies should consider portal or pre‐notification of physicians in advance of the 45 day window provided by CMS

• Portal for Physicians

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Lessons learned from initial implementation, compliance with CIA's and state reporting requirements

• SOP’s• Prioritization• Determine Simple FMV• Collection • Accuracy• Attestation/Audit• Training• Tools

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Establishing The Scope and Internal Control Objectives or Risks

• Ownership – Has the organization established ownership of consolidation and enterprise reporting?

•Completeness – Does the company have a complete understanding of requirements?•Sustainability ‐ How does the company stay current to changes?

Legal & Regulatory

Business Process

Systems & Data

People & Organization

•Completeness – Is the data structured in a manner that supports reporting?

•Integrity – Are all transaction being identified as HCP/O spend?  

•Integrity – How is transactional data being extracted?  

•Completeness ‐ Are all business processes interacting with HCPs captured?

•Consistency – Are all processes consistently capturing relevant transactional details?

•Timeliness – Is the process support timely reporting? 

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An Effective Plan Necessitates A Review Of The Organization, Process and Internal Control Design, And Control Operation

1‐ Audit Planning & Scoping

2 ‐ Organizational Review

3 – Assess Process and Internal Control Design

4 – Evaluate Operation of the Process and Internal Controls

5 ‐Management Reporting & Recommendations

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Factors to Be Considered When Developing                   The Assessment Scope

Audit Scope

Business Processes

Policies & Procedures

Technology Systems

Organizational Structure

Functional Stakeholders

Legal / Regulatory 

Requirements

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Considerations For Effective Audit Planning and Scoping

1.Understand all of the business processes requiring spend capture.

2.Obtain a general awareness of current state, federal and international laws and regulations.

3.Understand existing policies and procedures across functional areas.

4.Understand the stakeholders across functional areas Commercial, R&D, Medical Affairs where interactions with HCPs  are taking place

5.Understand technology applications used to enable spend capture and aggregate reporting.

6.Understand the organizational structure supporting accurate spend capture and effective reporting.

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Considerations For Conducting An Effective Organizational Review1.Inventory the departments interacting with HCPs across the enterprise including 

Sales, Marketing, R&D and Medical Affairs.

2.Understand how HCP/O transactions are being captured and classified?  

3.Understand the key stakeholders, process owners and control owners within each 

functional area, including those responsible for overseeing spend capture.

4.Understand the roles and responsibilities for persons responsible for enterprise 

consolidation of spend capture and preparation of statutory reports.

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Required Considerations For Effectively Assessing Process and Internal Control Design1. Automation – Evaluate the level of automation within the spend capture 

processes.  Have controls been established to ensure complete capture of Spend Data?

2. Data Completeness – Are all reportable details for each interaction captured in the source system?

3. Reporting Integration – To what extent has the spend capture processes and technology been integrated with statutory reporting systems or templates?

4. Data Integrity – How is data integrity assured when spend data is extracted from source systems or repositories and consolidated?

5. Reporting Requirements – Are the applicable reporting requirements defined in a controlled standard report or data consolidation template?  To what extent do reports need to be manually generated for the various authorities?

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Beyond Sunshine: Implications of Public Disclosure of Payments 

• HHS OIG – Medicare Part D Data• Implications for FCA, AKB, Stark Statutes

• International Bribery Acts• Media• State Examples

• Oregon Case – Non disclosure• Qui Tam Cases• IRS and Other Agencies• Employers• Payers• Academic Medical Centers

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Open Payments Resources• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

• http://www.cms.gov/Regulations‐and‐Guidance/Legislation/National‐Physician‐Payment‐Transparency‐Program/index.html

• Policy and Medicine• http://www.policymed.com/physician‐payment‐sunshine‐act/

• American Medical Association • www.ama‐assn.org/go/sunshine

• Partners for Healthy Dialogs• http://www.healthydialogues.org/health‐care‐professionals

• Advamed• http://advamed.org/issues/16/physician‐payments‐sunshine‐law

• CME Coalition (Including Guide and Q&A)• http://cmecoalition.org/resources

• Medscape (CME Accredited Web courses)• http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/780900• http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/807771

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https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/open‐payments‐mobile‐for‐physicians/id667567467?mt=8

Tools

• Tracking for Companies and Physicians

• Cross Check for Physicians for Payments

• Register with CMS 

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Questions?

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For More Information

Thomas Sullivan

[email protected]‐309‐3507

www.policymed.com www.rockpointe.com

Marc Eigner

[email protected](646) 365‐0060

www.polarismanagement.com