physical science ~ grade 7 chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
TRANSCRIPT
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Physical Science ~ Grade 7
Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
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Chapter 2-Standards of Measurement
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History of SI/Metric System
• SI/Metric Units are a system of measurement based on units of 10.
• This system was developed in 1960.
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SI/Metric Units and SymbolsQuantity Measured Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass Gram g
Time Second s
Volume of Liquid Liter l
Temperature Kelvin k
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Vocabulary Terms and Equipment
• Length-the distance between 2 points
• Mass-measure of the matter in an object
• Time-interval between events
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More Vocabulary Terms
• Volume-amount of space occupied by a liquid
• Temperature-amount of kinetic energy in an object
• Density-mass per unit volume of a material
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SI/Metric Conversions TableKilo Hecto Deka UNIT Deci Centi Milli
King Henry Doesn’t Usually Drink Chocolate Milk
/1000 /100 /10 X 10 X 100 X 1000
km hm dam Meter dm cm mm
kl hl dal Liter dl cl ml
kg hg dag Gram dg cg mg
.001 kg .01 hg .1 dag 1 g 10 dg 100 cg 1000 mg
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Graphing
• Line Graph-shows trends or how data changes over time (ex. Stock market)
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Graphing
• Bar Graph-compares information collected by counting
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Graphing is finally done!
• Circle/Pie Graph-used to show a fixed quantity broken into parts
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Resources- Chapter 2
http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/createagraph/default.aspx
www.brainpop.com
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Chapters 3, 4, 5, & 6
Force & MotionAcceleration
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Chapter 3 Vocabulary
• Speed- rate of change in position
• Instantaneous Speed- rate of motion at any given instant
• Average Speed- speed that is constantly changing
• Constant Speed- speed that does not vary
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Chapter 3 Vocabulary
• Velocity- describes both speed and direction of an object• Acceleration- rate of change of velocity• Force- push or pull on an object • Net Force- changes the velocity of an object• Balanced Force- forces equal in size and opposite in
direction• Unbalanced force- force is greater on one side
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Phew… Chapter 3 Vocabulary is over!
• Friction- force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching each other
• Weight- measure of gravitational pull on an object
• Gravity- every object exerts a force on every other object
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If your weight on Earth is 100 lbs…
Vector Extra: Determine the formula for calculating your weight on the moon.
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Newton’s Laws of Motion
FIRST LAW OF MOTION: An object in motion/at rest remains in motion/at rest until a
net force acts on it.
AKA: LAW OF INERTIA
SECOND LAW OF MOTION: The force of an object is equal to its mass
times acceleration.
AKA: F = M x A
THIRD LAW OF MOTION: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
AKA: ACTION/REACTION
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Slow Flyer Lab!Problem:
Can you design a “slow flying” paper airplane?
Hypothesis:My plane will fly _______ meters in _______ seconds.
Materials: stopwatch/timer calculator meter stick paper
Data/Test Hypothesis:1. Design “slow flyer”2. Fly plane3. Record distance & time4. Calculate velocity
Conclusion: Did you support your hypothesis?
Slow & Steady
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Chapter 4 Vocabulary• Air Resistance- force air exerts that is
opposite in direction
• Terminal Velocity- highest velocity reached by a falling object
• Projectile- anything thrown or shot through the air
• Centripetal Force- force acting toward the center of a curved or circular path
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Directions of Motion
Horizontal Motion- motion parallel to earths surface
Vertical Motion- motion perpendicular to earths surface
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Resources- Chapters 3 & 4
www.physics4kids.com
http://teachertech.rice.edu/Participants/louviere/Newton/
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Chapter 5 Vocabulary• Energy- ability to cause change (do work)• Work- transfer of energy through motion
Force x Distance = Work
• Kinetic Energy- energy in motion• Potential Energy- stored energy
• Thermal Energy- Heat Energy• Thermal Pollution- waste heat given off into the
environment
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary • Conduction- transfer of energy or
particles Direct contact
• Convection- heat through currents Bulk movement
• Radiation- transfer of energy in waves
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Chapter 6 Vocabulary
Insulators- do not allow heat to easily move through them
Are you down?
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MORE… Chapter 6 Vocabulary Sweat/Evaporation- liquid to gas
Humidity/Condensation- gas to liquid
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Chapter 8
Solids, Liquids, & Gases
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The States of MatterBEC’s Solids Liquids Gases Plasma
Particle Arrangement OR Kinetic Energy
*Least kinetic energy
Close together
Almost as close as solids
Separate from each other
Positive & Negative particles* Most kinetic energy
Volume Yes Yes Yes No No
Shape Yes Yes No No No
Other Bose-Einstein Condensates(in a LAB only!)“Super Cold Blob”
Can’t be squeezed into smaller spaces
Take shape of container
Expand to fill container
Most abundant in the universe
“Super Hot Mass”
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Chapter 8 Vocabulary
• Kinetic Theory of Matter- tiny particles are in constant motion
• Thermal Expansion- particles expand when they get hotter, and condense when they cool
• Thermal Pollution- waste heat given off into the environment
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Gas Laws
• Boyle’s Law– Decrease the volume of gas– Increase pressure of gas
• Charles’ Law– Increase the temperature of a gas– Increase volume of gas
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Fluid Laws• Archimedes’ Principle
Buoyant force = weight of fluid displaced• “Archimedes Afloat”
• Bernoulli’s Principle– Increase velocity– Decrease pressure
• “Bernoulli for the Birds”
• Pascal’s Principle– Pressure is unchanged throughout a fluid
• “Pascal’s Paste”
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Chapter 9
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Describing Matter
• Physical Property- color, shape, size, density, melting point, boiling point
• Physical Change- change in size, shape, or state of matter
• Chemical Property- indicates whether it can undergo a chemical change
• Chemical Change-when substance changes into a different substance
• Law of Conservation of Mass- mass of all substances before a chemical change equals the mass of the substances after the change
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Chapter 10 Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table
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Vocabulary-Periodic Table• Chemical Symbol- abbreviated way to write an element’s name, ex. H for
Hydrogen, He for Helium• Atomic Number-number of protons in an atom• Atomic Mass- equals the number of protons & neutrons in an atom• Isotope- atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons• Groups- Vertical columns have similar properties, noble gases group 18• Periods- Horizontal rows on the table• Metals-left of stair step line, mostly solids at room temp., good
conductors of heat & electricity• Nonmetals- right of stair step line, gases and brittle solids • Metalloids- make up the stair step line, properties of both metals and
nonmetals
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Vocabulary-Atomic Model
• Nucleus-positively charged center of an atom, contains most of the mass of the atom
• Proton-positively charged particle in an atom, equal to the atomic number
• Neutron-neutral/no charge particle in an atom• Electron-negatively charged particle outside the
atom , mass considered negligible (so small) it orbits the nucleus in the electron cloud
• Quarks-smaller particles that make up protons and neutrons
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Atomic Model Diagram
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Websites Ch’s 5-10
• www.chem4kids.com• www.physics4kids.com