Department of Mathematics and Science

Physical ScienceBig Idea 10: Forms of Energy

Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer and Transformation Grade 5 Quarter 2 Topics 8 & 9

What is Energy?Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support SpecialistKeisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist

Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor

Department of Mathematics and Science

Big Idea 10: Forms of Energy Big Idea 11: Energy Transfer & Transformation

Benchmarks

SC.5.P.10.1 - Investigate and describe some basic forms of energy, including light, heat, sound, electrical, chemical, and mechanical.

SC.5.P.10.2 - Investigate and explain that energy has the ability to cause motion or create change.

SC.5.P.10.4 - Investigate and explain that electrical energy can be transformed into heat, light, and sound energy, as well as the energy of motion.

Also Assesses:SC.4.P.10.3 - Investigate and explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and that pitch depends on how fast or slow the object vibrates.SC.4.P.10.4 - Describe how moving water and air are sources of energy and can be used to move things.SC.3.P.10.3 - Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line until it strikes an object or travels from one medium to another.SC.3.P.10.4 - Demonstrate that light can be reflected, refracted, and absorbed.SC.3.P.11.1 - Investigate, observe, and explain that things that give off light often also give off heat.SC.3.P.11.2 - Investigate, observe, and explain that heat is produced when one object rubs against another, such as rubbing one's hands together.

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What is Energy?

• Energy is the ability to do work.

• Energy is the ability to cause a change.

Energy can change an object’s: motion shape temperature color

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Energy is all around us!– You can hear energy as sound when someone talks.– You can see mechanical energy every time you

move.– You can see energy as light from the sun or a

lamp.– You can feel it as heat warms things up.

Discovery Fundamentals: Energy Makes it Happen

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What are the Forms of Energy?

• Electrical• Light• Sound• Chemical• Heat/Thermal• Mechanical

kineticpotential

http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/

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Kinetic Energy

Energy due to motion. • Types of kinetic energy

• Kinetic energy can change into other forms of energy.

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Potential EnergyStored energy that could cause change in the future.Potential energy is stored energy--energy ready to go. A lawn mower filled with gasoline, a car on top of a hill, and students waiting to go home from school are all examples of potential energy.

Types of potential energy • gravitational • compressed spring• chemical• magnetic

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Mechanical Energy

• Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can be either kinetic energy (energy of motion) or potential energy (stored energy of position)

• All energy can be in one of two states: potential energy or kinetic energy.

The amount of mechanical energy depends on the object’s speed and mass.

• Mechanical energy can change into other forms of energy.

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What is Sound?https://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/login/login.jsp

• Sound is a form of energy produced by a vibration or a back and forth movement of an

object.• Sound is a wave of vibrations that spread from

its source of its matter.• The more vibrations the waves have, the more

energy, the louder the sound.• The faster the vibrations or the frequency, the

higher the sound.• How high or low a sound is called the pitch.

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What is light?

• Light is something that allows us to see objects.

• Light is a form of energy. • Light is produced by the vibrations of

electrically charged particles.

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Properties of Light

• Light travels in a straight path.• Light doesn’t travel through all objects. These are defined as opaque.• Light can be absorbed and changed to heat.

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Properties of Light Continued

• Light bounces off or is reflected from some kinds of opaque objects.

• Some objects let all light pass through them are known as:

transparent• Some objects let some light pass through

them are known as: translucent

Angles of Reflection

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Bending Light LabWrite down responses on your note page.

• Problem: What does light do when it travels from one medium or state of matter (air) through another medium (water)?

• Hypothesis: • Test and Observe: Follow steps from the lab

sheet.• Conclusion: • Apply: Draw a light path though a cup of water and explain it.

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Light Changes Direction

• Light bends or refracts as it passes from one medium (form of matter: solid, liquid or gas) to another.

• Refraction of Light Virtual Tutorial

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What is Thermal Energy?

• Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object.• When any form of matter gets warmer, the kinetic energy of its atoms increases.• The object’s particles move faster, so its thermal energy

increases.• A change in thermal energy can lead to a change in phase or

state of matter.• Temperature is a measure of thermal energy.

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Quiz: Constructed Response

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Chemical Energy

• Chemical energy is made when substances react and form new substances.

• Food, batteries, and fuels such as oil and gasoline are stored chemical energy.

• Chemical energy can change to:sound lightthermal electrical

kinetic

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How Do People Get Energy?

Your body gets nutrients from eating food. It gets energy from some of these nutrients. You need energy to do activities. When you walk, talk, sleep, sneeze, or pet a dog, you use energy. You also need energy for your body to function on the inside. You need energy for your heart to beat and your brain to think.It’s a good thing your digestive system helps your body get the nutrients and energy it needs!

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Read A Day in Your Digestive System1. What is the purpose of the body’s digestive system? 2. What are its main organs and their functions?3. In what organ are the nutrients that provide energy released into the blood stream?4. Explain one way that energy is transformed in your body.

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Forms of EnergyEnergy Forms• Heat/thermal• Electrical • Chemical

• Mechanical:potentialkinetic

• Sound• Light /Radiant

What Happens?• Objects warm. Food cooks. • Lights on. / Machines run.• Organisms move and grow. • Flashlights light up.

• Sled sits on top of a hill.• Sled slides down the hill.• Objects vibrate making noise.• Plants grow. / Lasers cut.

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List 6 forms of energy and give an example for each energy

Energy

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Examples

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What is the Transformation of Energy? Energy can change and move from one object to another. chemical > electrical > light

Where does the energy of a lit light bulb transfer to after the flashlight has been on for a while? Heat energy transfers into the air.

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FEnergy Stationstaions

Identify and record the different forms of energy in your science notebook as you rotate throughout the various stations.

Reflections: • Describe what you learned in the energy

stations. • What was interesting?• What do you want to learn more about?

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What are some transfers and/or transformations of energy that are taking place in our classroom, in our school or at home?

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Transformation of Energy

A. B.

A.

B.

C.

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Energy Transformation

How is energy changing when a toaster is in use?

A toaster uses electrical, mechanical, and thermal energy.

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Quiz Part A: What is the source that powers

each of these devices?

Part B: Device 1. ___________

2. ___________

3. __________

4. ___________

Part C: Converts energy to:1.

2.

3.

4.

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Concept Review: Forms of Energy

Discovery Education Techbook

1. What is energy? Answer: Energy is the ability to work, including moving objects or making changes.2. What are the forms of energy? Answer: They are light, mechanical, sound, heat, electricity, and chemical.3. What forms of energy can be observed using our senses? Answer: We can sense energy when it is in the forms of motion, light, sound, and heat.4. What are the invisible forms of energy? Answer: Invisible forms of energy are electricity, and chemical. We can see the things those forms of energy do.

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Concept Review: Forms of Energy

Discovery Education Techbook

5. How is energy stored? Give examples. Answer: Energy can be stored in many different forms. Humans store energy in our bodies as chemical energy. When we use it, it becomes another form of energy.6. What are some ways energy can be transformed from one form to another? Answer: Energy can be transformed from one form to another in many ways. Energy from moving water and air can cause a machine to turn. These machines can transform the motion energy into electrical energy. 7. How can wind and water be used to move things? Answer: Wind and water can move things like boats and balloons on their own. They can also be used to make electricity. Then the electricity can be used to make other things, like fans or cars, move.

cars, move.

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Forms of Energy Quiz

SC.5.P.10.11. Bob's father is preparing noodles for dinner. He puts a pot of water on the electric stove to cook the noodles in. When the water starts to boil, he adds the noodles to the pot.What form of energy causes the noodles to cook on the range?

A. chemical B. heat C. light D. mechanical

Florida Achieves

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Forms of Energy Quiz

SC.5.P.10.12. Marie and her family are watching a fireworks display at an outdoor Fourth of July celebration. The fireworks store chemical energy, and when they are set off, they give off two forms of energy: light and which of the following?A. electrical B. mechanical C. solar D. Sound

Florida Achieves

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Forms of Energy Quiz

SC.5.P.10.13. Miguel is rolling a ball down a hill. This is an example of which form of energy?

A. chemical energy B. electrical energy C. mechanical energy D. thermal energy

Florida Achieves

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Forms of Energy Quiz SC.5.P.10.2

4. Jose can throw a baseball from the outfield all the way back to home plate. Why does he have to move his arm in order to make the ball fly all that way?

A. He has to get the ball high enough in the air so the air can support it.

B. The ball's energy can only be released if he lets it go above the ground. C. Moving his arm makes the ball's own energy take it in the right direction.

D. He has to transfer some of his muscle's energy to the ball to make it move.

Florida Achieves

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Forms of Energy Quiz

SC.5.P.10.25. Judy is getting ready for school on a cold day in February. She wants to make sure her hair is completely dry before she leaves her house. She plugs her hair dryer into the wall outlet and turns it on. Which of the following describes one of the steps involved in using energy to dry Jennifer's hair?

A. Thermal energy is changed into mechanical energy, which makes the motor in the hair dryer move.

B. Electrical energy is changed into heat energy, which makes the motor in the hair dryer move.

C. Mechanical energy is changed into heat energy, which makes the motor in the hair dryer move.

D. Electrical energy is changed into mechanical energy, which makes the motor in the hair dryer move.

Florida Achieves

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Forms of Energy Quiz

SC.5.P.10.46. Which of the following lists the forms of energy that electricity can be transformed into?

A. heat, kinetic, light, and sound energy B. chemical, heat, light, and solar energy C. heat, kinetic, nuclear, and sound energyD. gravitational, kinetic, solar, and sound energy

Florida Achieves

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Forms of Energy Quiz

SC.5.P.10.4

7. When a radio is turned on, what energy transformation occurs?

A. Heat energy is changed to light energy. B. Kinetic energy is changed to sound energy.C. Electrical energy is changed to sound energy.D. Chemical energy is changed to mechanical energy.

Florida Achieves

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Online Energy Resources The Energy Story: http://energyquest.ca.gov/story/index.html

Mechanical Energy (animation) http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=2768797e-a7a0-45f5-b7a4-812cd3422f7d&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=DETB&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

Energy and the Environment: http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy

Energy http://www.energyeducation.tx.gov/energy/section_1/topics/index.htm

Kids and Energy http://www.kids.esdb.bg/index.html

Science for Kids: Sound and Hearing http://acswebcontent.acs.org/scienceforkids/index.html#Sound

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Discovery Education Resources

• Fundamental: Energy Makes it Happen• Exploration: Forms of Energy• E-book: Forms of Energy• Video: Sources of Energy• Video: What is light?• Exploration: Changing the Form of Energy• Video: Potential and Kinetic Energy• Video: The Law of Conservation of Energy