physical properties of matter physical properties of matter intensive properties: do not change...
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• Physical Properties of MatterIntensive Properties: Do not change regardless of quantity.
Examples: Density, color, chemical compositionExtensive Properties: Are dependent on quantity.
Examples: grams, milliliters, moles-------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Percent Yield = Theoretical Yield x 100
Actual Yield-------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Molar Mass = Sum of all atomic masses in an compound or element, in grams per mole
Example: NaOH = 23+16+1 = 40 g/mol• # of particles in a mole = 6.02 x 1023 (Avogadro’s number)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Lewis Dot Structures: Only valence electrons are shown.
Examples: H •
Compound formation:
• Combined Gas LawP1V1 = P2V2 Where: P = pressure in atm., mmHg, torr T1 T2 V = volume in liters, milliliters
T = temperature, Kelvin.K = 0C + 273
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• Mass number = atomic mass= #protons + #neutrons
• Atomic Number = #protons
• Percent Composition= molar mass of element of interest x 100 molar mass of compoundExample: Percent composition of oxygen in water= molar mass of oxygen in water x 100 = 16 x 100 = 89 % molar mass of water 18
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------• pH
Where [H+] = molar concentration of hydrogen ion-------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Hydrated compounds, Nomenclature:Name of compound • (prefix)- hydrateExamples:
1. CuSO4 • 5 H2O = Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate2. FeCl3 • 3H2O = Iron (III) chloride trihydrate
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------• Oxidation: Charge increases; electrons are lost; oxygen is gained (sometimes)• Reduction: Charge decreases; electrons are gained; oxygen is lost (sometimes)