physical exams symposium measuring fitness. measuring fitness mark d. hopkins, m.d. board-certified...
TRANSCRIPT
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Physical Exams SymposiumMeasuring fitness
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Measuring Fitness
• Mark D. Hopkins, M.D.
• Board-Certified Orthopedic Surgeon
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Measuring fitness
• Sit ups• Push ups• Pull ups
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Weight Measurement Versus Waist Measurement
• Which is better
• Or should we be doing it another way?
• Cost Effectiveness
• Time Effectiveness
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SIT UPS
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SIT UPS
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SIT UPS
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SIT UPS
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SIT UPS
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SIT UPS
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SIT UPS
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PUSH UPS
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PUSH UPS
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PUSH UPS
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PULL UPS
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MEASURING FITNESS
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MEASURING FITNESS
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MEASURING FITNESS
• In order to measure, we must define…
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MEASURING FITNESS
• Encarta Definition: The ability of the human body to function with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to engage in leisure activities, and to meet physical stresses.
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MEASURING FITNESS
• CDC: Set of attributes a person has in regards to a person’s ability to perform physical activities that require aerobic fitness, endurance, strength, or flexibility and is determined by a combination of regular activity and genetically inherited ability.
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MEASURING FITNESS
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MEASURING FITNESS
• Fitness parameters
• Cardio-respiratory endurance
• Muscular Strength
• Muscular endurance
• Flexibility
• Body Composition
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MEASURING FITNESS
• Components of fitness: Limit Strength, Starting Strength, Explosive Strength, Agility, Flexibility, Static Balance, Dynamic Balance, Muscular Endurance, Speed Endurance, Cardio-respiratory endurance, Muscle Mass, Percent Body Fat, Freedom from Stress, Freedom from Disease or Injury, Preventive Lifestyle
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MEASURING FITNESS
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MEASURING FITNESS
• Benefits
• Decreased risk of hypertension, colon cancer and diabetes
• Increased well being
• Decreased risk of coronary artery disease
• Increased immunity
• Decreased incidence of depression
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BODY COMPOSITION
• Weight – BMI – Body Mass Index
Wt in lbsHt” X Ht”
X 703 = BMI 220 lbs75” X 75” X 703 = 27.5
Wt in kgHt M X Ht M = BMI
99.79 kg1.905M X 1.905M
= 27.5
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BODY COMPOSITION
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BODY COMPOSITION
• CDC Definitions
• Underweight – less than 18.5
• Recommended – 18.6 – 24.9
• Overweight – 25.0 – 29.9
• Obese – 30 or greater
• 64.5% of adults in U.S. are overweight
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BODY COMPOSITION
• Advantages
• Easy and inexpensive
• Increased BMI correlates with increased risk of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, some cancers and osteoarthritis
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BODY COMPOSITION
• Disadvantages• BMI does not
distinguish fat from muscle
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BODY COMPOSITION
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BODY COMPOSITION
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BODY COMPOSITION
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BODY COMPOSITION
• Waist measurements
• Fat around waist – more likely to develop health problems than if around hips and thighs. This is true even if BMI is normal.
• Women with waist more than 35 inches
• Men with waist more than 40 inches
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BODY COMPOSITION
• Body fat percentage• May be a better measure of risk
American Council of Exercise Guidelines
women menEssential fat 10-12% 2-4%Athletes 14-20% 6-13%Fitness 21-24% 14-17%Acceptable 25-31% 18-25% Obese 32% 26%
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BODY COMPOSITION
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BODY COMPOSITION
• Measuring body fat
Skin fold: accuracy varies greatly based on user’s abilitiesBIA: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis accuracy 8% plus or minusCadaver analysis: The only direct method, but impracticalHW: Hydrostatic Weighing: gold standard, not easy, expensiveDXA: Dual energy xray absorpiometry, low dose radiation exposure, trained tech, expensive equipmentBODPOD: new, expensive technology
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BODY COMPOSITION• Do you feel lost?
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Reversing the aging process…
• HTO, microfracture, OATS, carticel, chondroitin, glucosamine, hyaluronase, gene therapy
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Divided into relieving load bearing, with secondary repair, metabolic engineering, direct and indirect repair, transplantation and direct chondrocyte cell DNA modification
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
HTO, High Tibial Osteotomy
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Microfracture
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CRATILAGE REGENERATION
• OATS – Osteochondral autograft resurfacing mosaicplasty
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• OATS
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Carticel
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION• Chondroitin
Analysis of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Content in MarketedProducts and the Caco-2 Permeability ofChondroitin Sulfate Raw MaterialsAbimbola O. Adebowale, PhD, Donna S. Cox, MS, Zhongming Liang, MS, Natalie D. Eddington, PhD,* Pharmacokinetics-Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Glucosamine
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION
• Hyaluronase
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CARTILAGE REGENERATION• Gene therapy
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QUESTIONS?