phylum arthropoda “jointed” “foot” 80% of all animals are arthropods….. 76% of those are...
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Phylum Arthropoda
“jointed” “foot”
80% of all animals are arthropods…..
76% of those are insects…..www.onacd.ca
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Major Classes of Arthropods
Above left: Subphylum Myriapoda, Class Chilipoda: includes the centipedes
Lower Right: Subphylum Hexapoda, Class Insecta: includes all 6 legged insects
Above: Subphylum Myriapoda, Class Diplopoda: includes the millipedes
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Above Left: Subphylum Chelicerata Class Arachnida: includes the spiders, mites and scorpions
Lower right: Subphylum Crustacea, Class Malacostraca: includes the lobsters, crab and shrimp
Above: Subphylum Crustacea, Class Maxillopoda: includes the barnacles
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Shared characteristics of Arthropods• Coelomate and bilaterally symmetrical• Jointed appendages• Exoskeleton of chitin secreted by the epidermis• 3 body regions (head, thorax, and abdomen)• Respiration by body surface, gills, trachea, or book lungs• Open circulatory system• Sensory organs are well-developed: compound eyes, tympanum
(drum-like ear) antenna (touch, smell, chemical reception)• Complete digestive systems with mouth, specialized organs and
anus• Dioecious: fertilization is usually internal• Developed nervous system with dorsal brain connected by a
ring and double ventral nerve cords• Found in marine, freshwater, terrestrial and aerial environments
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Let’s take a closer look at a few different Classes of Arthropods
Class Insecta• Exoskeleton made of chitin• Have a head segmented into
6 with sensory antennae and compound eyes
• Have a thorax with attached segmented legs and possibly wings
• Have an abdomen with 11 segments which houses most of the digestive, respiratory, excretory and reproductive systems
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• Insects respire through a system of internal tubes and sacs that lie directly next to the circulatory system,therefore the circulatory system does not need closed vessels
• Most insects hatch from eggs which are fertilized by sexual reproduction (see ladybugs at top right)
• Insects molt as they grow in size (undergo metamorphosis)
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Class Maxillopoda : The Barnacles
The Barnacle Life CycleIncludes 2 larval stages
1. NAUPILUS• spend their time floating
around in the current, eating and molting
• last approx. 2 weeks
2. CYPRID• strong swimmer• Settles in a safe, productive
environment• Cements itself headfirst to
surface and undergoes metamorphosis into a barnacle
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• As the cyprid metamorphosizes it develops 6 hard armor plates around its body
• The adult barnacle has feathery legs that protrude to capture food and gametes when spawning
• Barnacles are hermaphroditic
Famous Barnacle Fact:
Barnacles have the largest penis to body size ratio of any species in the animal kingdom
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Class Malacostraca : The Crustaceans
• Head and thorax are often fused into cephalothorax
• Head includes 6 segments with antennules, antennae and mouthparts with appendages called maxillipeds
• 8 thoracic segments• Cephalothorax is
almost completely covered by a carapace
• 6 abdominal segments often used for swimming
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• Eyes are compound stalked or sessile (stalked eyes allow the crustacean to pull them in for protection or see in many different directions)
• 5 pairs of walking legs, some with modified pincers
• 2-chambered stomach
• Centralized nervous system
Spiny King Crab
Hermit Crab
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Above: Pacific White Cleaner Shrimp
Left: Decorator Crab: will cover its body in algae etc. in order to camouflage itself with its surroundings
Above: Lobster
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Pair of Lobster Prawn
Spiny Lobster Hermit Crab
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Ecological Roles of Arthropods
• Pollination• Production of honey,
wax, and silk• Recycle biological
materials to aid in producing topsoil
• Form symbiotic relationships with other organisms (see left)
• Part of food chain
Burrowing shrimp and Goby fish living in Symbiosis
• shrimp cleans and digs a burrow where they both live
•When danger approaches, the goby fish touches the shrimp with its tail to warn it (shrimp is blind) and both hide in the burrow
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The Largest living Arthropod!
is the Japanese Spider Crab with a leg span of 4 meters and a weight of 20kg.
This crab has a life expectancy of 100 years.