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Lesson objectives

Pupils should be able to

compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases.

describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases, relating their properties to the forces and distances between molecules and to the motion of the molecule.

describe the relationship between the motion of molecules and temperature.

Go to E-SimPhy_103.exe

States of matter

States of matter

In a solid, the molecules are arranged close together in a regular pattern.

There are strong attractive intermolecular forces that hold the molecules in position so they can only vibrate about their fixed position. In a liquid, the molecules are not arranged in a regular pattern and are slightly further apart than in solids.

The attractive intermolecular forces are not very strong hence the molecules are able to move among one another.

Quick Check

In a gas, the molecules are very far apart.

The molecules move about randomly at high speed colliding with the walls of the container and intermolecular forces occur only at that moment. Hence the intermolecular forces becomes negligible.

Go to E-SimPhy_103.exe

States of matterRecap…

Kinetic Model of Matter

Temperature

Molecules gain kinetic energy.

Molecules move faster.

Therefore the rate of diffusion increases with temperature.Single layer

Water

Copper (II) sulphate

2 hours later..

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Summary By the end of this lesson pupils are able to:

Compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases.

Describe qualitatively the molecular structure of solids, liquids and gases, relating their properties to the forces and distances between molecules and to the motion of the molecules.

Describe the relationship between the motion of molecules and temperature.