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ImemhØm
am[ya{]NmcWw]n¸Â {SobpsS 2015þ-16 se am[ya ]²XnbpsS `mKambn Xbmdm¡nbn«pÅ
{]_Ô§fpsS kamlmcw
tUm. KtWjv slKvsU, ca Fkv
Acp¬ s\Sps©gnb³,
tcJ k¼¯v,
\¡oc³, Znhy iÀa, kcnX Fkv
\¡oc³, Znhy iÀa, kcnX Fkv
\_o kn.sI.Fw
]n¸Â {So, ^bÀ^vss
Zns¶]mey, I¤fn]pc t]mÌv, s
C-þ-sabnÂ: [email protected]
ImemhØm \oXn¡mbpÅ
am[ya{]NmcWw 16 se am[ya ]²XnbpsS `mKambn Xbmdm¡nbn«pÅ
{]_Ô§fpsS kamlmcw
cN\ tUm. KtWjv slKvsU, ca Fkv. AcIeKpUp,
Sps©gnb³, \_o kn.sI.Fw., AJntejv Nn¹n,
tcJ k¼¯v, Pwjo\ apøm«v, enwKcmP sh¦ntSjv
samgnamäw ¡oc³, Znhy iÀa, kcnX Fkv. _me³, Fw. am[h³,
eqbnkv ^nKsctZm
FUntägvkv ¡oc³, Znhy iÀa, kcnX Fkv. _me³, kptcjv amXyp
GtIm]\w HmwPn tPm¬
Unssk³ & teHu«v sjdn³ t]mÄ
IhÀ ]nIvNÀ
_o kn.sI.Fw., enwKcmP sh¦tSjv
{]kn²oIcWw
]n¸Â {So, ^bÀ^vssfkv CâÀIĨd skâÀ
Zns¶]mey, I¤fn]pc t]mÌv, s_wKfqcp-þ560082, C´y. t^m¬:
[email protected] sh_vsskäv: www.pipaltree.org.in
Unkw_À 2016
2
oXn¡mbpÅ
16 se am[ya ]²XnbpsS `mKambn Xbmdm¡nbn«pÅ
AcIeKpUp,
tejv Nn¹n,
apøm«v, enwKcmP sh¦ntSjv
_me³, Fw. am[h³,
_me³, kptcjv amXyp
+91-80-28432725 www.pipaltree.org.in
3
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t]Pv \w.
BapJw 4
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw I¶pImen Irjnbpw- 8-
tUm. KtWjv slKvsU
BtKmf Xm]\hpw \ne¡Se Irjnbpw- 16
ca Fkv. AcIeKpUp ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnse ImÀjnI k¼Zv-hyhØbn AXpm¡nb 22 {]XymLmX§fpw Acp¬ s\Sps©gnb³
J\\hpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw: A\p`h 29
aen\oIcW§fpsS A¼ehb ‘amXrI' \_o kn.sI.Fw.
h\mhImihpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw 40 AJntejv Nn¹n
slmksIsclÅn XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\w- 46
tcJ k¼¯v
Hcp X®oÀ¯-S- nsâ IY 53 Pwjo\ apøm«v
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw
Cuä¯S§fpsS \ioIcWhpw 59
enwKcmP sh¦tSjv
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kpØnc `mhn¡mbn ImemhØm hyXnbm\w kw_Ôn¨v am[ya
§Ä hfscb[nIw XmXv]cyt¯msS dnt¸mÀ«v
sN¿s¸« H¶mWv 2015- ]mcokn h¨p \S¶
bp.F³ ImemhØm D¨tImSn. 150-tesd temI
t\Xm¡fpw aäv hninãmXnYnIfpw ]s¦Sp¯
D¨tImSnbn 195 cmPy§fpsS {]mXn\n[yhpap-
mbncp¶p. C´ybpÄs¸sSbpÅ \nch[n cmPy
§Ä ImemhØm hyXnbm\w kw_Ôn¨pÅ
BLmX§Ä eLqIcn¡p¶Xn\pw Ahbv¡pÅ
kwc£W ]²XnIÄ \S¸m¡p¶Xv kw_Ôn
¨pw A¶v {]XnÚsbSp¯ncp¶p.
A´co£ Dujvamhv Dbcp¶Xv cp Un{Kn
skÂjykmbn \nb{´n¡pI F¶ tIm¸³
tlK³ DS¼Sn¡v ]Icw 1.5 Un{Kn skÂjykmbn
CXv \nb{´n¡pI F¶Xmbncp¶p ]mcokv D¨
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F¶m ImemhØm hyXnbm\ hnjb¯nÂ
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co£ Dujvamhv 2 Un{Kn skÂjykn Xmsg
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sbms¡ ]s¦Sp¸n¨psImv ImemhØbnepm
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{]Ncn¸n¡pIbpamWv CXneqsS sN¿p¶Xv. H¸w
C¯cw kaql§Ä F§s\ bmWv ImemhØm
hyXnbm\w aqeapÅ BLmX§Ä t\cnSp¶
sX¶v ]Tn¡pIbpw F§s\ sa¨s¸« kwc£W
]²XnIÄ GÀs¸Sp¯n CXnsâ BLmXw Ipdbv
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ImemhØm hyXnbm\w kw_Ôn¨v s]m
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cq]oIcWIÀ¯m¡fpambn CSs]«v \S]SnIÄ
Dmhp¶pv F¶pd¸phcp¯p¶Xnepw C´ybn
se am[ya§Ä, {]tXyIn¨v {]mtZinI `mjIfn
epÅ am[ya§Ä¡v hfscb[nIw ]¦v hln¡m
³ Ignbpsa¶mWv ]n¸Â {So hnizkn¡p¶Xv. A
XpsImp Xs¶ hnhn[ coXnbnepÅ {]NcW
CS§Ä, ]{X§Ä, sSenhnj³, {]tXyI hnjb
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jy aoUnb, Hm¬sse³ t]mÀ«epIÄ Hs¡
CXn\mbn D]tbmKs¸Spt¯Xpv.
2015---þ16- se ]²Xn kab¯v IÀ®mSI,
Xangv-\mSv, tIcfw F¶o aq¶v Z£ntW´y³
kwØm\§fnse F«v kzX{´ Fgp¯pImÀ
FgpXn, {]kn²oIcn¨ teJ\§fmWv ChnsS
DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXv. ]mXn Xcnimb `qan, \Kc,
Xoc, NXp v, ]ÀhX, \Zn XpS§nb taJeIfnse
Bhmk hyhØbn ImemhØmhyXnbm\w D-
mIp¶Xnsâ ImcW§Ä, AhbpsS {]Xym
LmXw F¶o Imcy§Ä ]cntim[n¡pIbpw
ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ BLmX§fnÂ
\n¶v Cu BhmkhyhØIsf F§s\ kwc
£n¡msa¶pw AXnsâ BLmXw F§s\
Ipdbv¡msa¶pw ChnsS ]cntim[n¡p¶p. CXnÂ
{]kn²oIcn¨ncn¡p¶ teJ\§sf¡pdn¨pÅ sN
dpIpdn¸pIfmWv Xmsg:
tUm. KtWjv slKv-sU: IÀWmSI¯nse
knÀknbn \n¶pÅ kzX{´ Fgp¯pImc\pw
C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v B\na sl¯v B³Uv
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shädn\dn _tbmfPn¡Âknse doPnbWÂ dnk
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hyXnbm\hpw I¶pImen Irjnbpw' F¶ teJ
\¯n D¯c I¶Sbnse knÀknbn Imem
hØm hyXnbm\w F§s\bmWv I¶pImen
hfÀ¯ens\ _m[n¨ncn¡p¶sX¶v ]cntim[n
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¯n h¶ncn¡p¶ h³ Ipdhn\p ImcWambn
At±lw Nqn¡m«p¶Xv Imen¯oäbpsS hne
hÀ[\hv, sXmgnemfn £maw, I¶pImenIÄ¡pÅ
ta¨n¸pd§Ä CÃmXmbXv XpS§nbhbmWv.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ hnhn[ coXnbnep
Å {]XymLmX§Ä sImv I¶pImenIÄ¡pÅ
Xoä¸pÃv DÄs¸sSbpÅh CÃmXmbXv t\cn«p
_m[n¨Xv `qclnXtcbpw CS¯cw, sNdpInS
IÀjItcbpamsW¶v At±lw \nco£n¡p¶p.
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Xoä, Pekwc£Ww, sa¨s¸«bn\w ImenIfpsS
sXcsªSp v, k¦cbn\w ImenIsf IqSpXembn
hfÀ¯Â XpS§nbh \S¸nem¡nbm Cu
taJebn ImemhØm hyXnbm\w sImpm
bn«pÅ {]XymLmX§sf Hcp]cn[n hsc
adnIS¡m³ IÀjIÀ¡v Ignbpsa¶v At±lw
]dbp¶p.
ca Fkv. AcIeKpUp: IÀWmSI¯nse
Nn{XZpÀK PnÃbn \n¶pÅ kzX{´ Fgp¯p
Imcnbmb ca ]cntim[n¡p¶Xv "BtKmf Xm]\
hpw \ne¡Se Irjnbpw' F¶ hnjbamWv. NqSp
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hÀ CXn Nqn¡mWn¡p¶Xv. NqSv 35 Un{Kn
skÂjykn IqSnbm hnfIÄ¡v \ne\n¸nÃ.
25 Un{Kn skÂjykv apXÂ 35 Un{Kn skÂjykv
hscbmWv \ne¡Se Irjn¡pÅ DNnXamb
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ZpÀKbn \n¶pÅ Cu dnt¸mÀ«n \nch[n
hnfIÄ Irjn sNbvXncp¶ ]gbIme ImÀjnI
coXnIfn \n¶v ]pXnb IqSpX hnfhv e`n
¡p¶ cmkhf, Hähnf Irjn coXnbnte¡pmb
amäw AhÀ hniZam¡p¶p. a®nsâ ^e`qbnãX
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sNehv hÀ²n¨Xpw agbpsS e`yX IpdªXpw
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hØm amäs¯ Hcp ]cn[nhsc sNdp¡m\pw
Ignbpsa¶v AhÀ hnizkn¡p¶p.
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\n¶pÅ kzX{´ Fgp¯pImc\mb Acp¬,
"ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnse
ImÀjnI k¼Zv-hyhØbn AXpm¡nb
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cpsS {]hÀ¯\§Ä KpW^e§Ä sImphcp
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Cu teJ\¯neqsS ]dbp¶p.
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teJ\w. 2008--Â I½yqWnän dnkÀhv Bbn {]Jym
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tNÀ¶XmWv. Cu {]tXyIXIÄ DÅXpsImp
Xs¶ {]tZi¯nsâ kzm`mhnI kq£va Imem
hØ \ne\nÀ¯m³ klmbn¨ncp¶p. F¶mÂ
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ag¡pdhv XpS§nbh _m[n¨tXmsS Cu
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Xm]\w IqSm³ ImcWamhpIbpw AXnsâ ]n.
F¨v. hmeyq Ipdbm\pw ImcWambn«pv. CXn\p
]pdsabmWv PePohnIfpsS BhmkhyhØ
XIÀ¶Xv. Cu taJebnte¡pÅ tZimS\ ]£n
IfpsS hchv IpdªXnsâ {][m\ ImcWhpw
aÕyk¼¯nepmbn«pÅ IpdhmsW¶v Pwjo
\ Nqn¡m«p¶p. X®oÀ¯S¯nse I¡m
SpIÄ IpdªtXmsS ImÀ_¬ssUHmIv-sskUv
BKncWw sN¿m\pÅ tijnbpw Ipdªp.
aeo\oIcWw Ipdbv¡p¶Xp kw_Ôn¨v {]tZi
s¯ P\§Ä¡pw _Ôs¸« DtZymKØÀ¡pw
IrXyamb t_m[hXv¡cWw \S¯nbm X®oÀ
¯Ss¯ Xncn¨p ]nSn¡m³ Ignbpsa¶v Pwjo\
{]Xo£ {]ISn¸n¡p¶p.
enwKcmP sh¦tSjv: ImemhØm hyXnbm
\hpw Cuä¯S§fpsS \ioIcWhpw F¶ hnj
b¯nepÅ t^mt«m ^o¨dmWv kzX{´ Fgp¯p
Imc\pw t^mt«m{Km^dpamb sh¦ntSjntâXv.
ip²Pe X®oÀ¯S§fnse A`nhmPy LSIamb
Cuä¯S§Ä X®oÀ¯S§Ä CÃmXmIp¶Xp
aqew F§s\bmWv Ipdªphcp¶sX¶v CXnÂ
hnhcn¡p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w, BhmkhyhØbnÂ
h¶ amäw aqew Cuä¯S§fnse {]P\\ kz`mh
7
¯n h¶ amä§fpw CXn {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.
ImehÀj kab¯v e`n¡p¶ agbv¡\pkcn¨v
X®oÀ¯S§fpsS LS\bn amäapmIpIbpw
AXns\m¸w \ZnbpsS Hgp¡nepw amäw hcp¶p.
CXv Cuä¯S§Ä \in¡p¶Xn\v Hcp {][m\
ImcWamWv-; sh¦ntSjv \nco£n¡p¶p. Cuä¯S
§sf B{ibn¨p Pohn¡p¶ a\pjycpsS Pohn
Xhpw ImemhØm \oXnbpw kw_Ôn¨pÅ tNm
Zy§fmWv Cu teJ\¯neqsS sh¦ntSjv D¶
bn¡p¶Xv.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w F§s\bmWv
BhmkhyhØIÄ¡v BLmXw krjvSn¡p¶
sX¶pw Ah hnhn[ kaql§sf F§s\ _m[n
¡p¶psh¶papÅ hnhc§Ä Cu F«v teJ\
§Ä ]¦phbv¡p¶p. AXns\m¸w, ImemhØm
hyXnbm\¯nsâ {]XymLmX§Ä Ipdbv¡p¶Xn
\pÅ kpØnc _ZÂ \nÀtZi§fpw Ch ]¦p
hbv¡p¶p. Cu \nÀtZi§fpw \S]SnIfpw XoÀ¨
bmbpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\ hnjb¯nÂ
XXv]ccmb aäv {Kq¸pIÄ¡pw klmbIIcamIpw.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ BLmX§Ä
eLqIcn¡p¶Xn\pw kwc£W \S]SnIÄ¡pw
Gähpw {][m\w \bcq]oIcW {]{InbbnÂ
DmtI Imcy§fmsW¶v Cu H¼Xv teJ\
IÀ¯m¡fpw hyàam¡p¶pv. AXpsImp
Xs¶ ImemhØbpambn _Ôs¸« \bcq]oI
cW¯n Cu \nÀtZi§Ä XoÀ¨bmbpw DÄ
s¡mÅn¡pw F¶p Xs¶ R§Ä hnizkn¡p
¶p. ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw AXp aqeapm
Ip¶ BLmX§Ä Ipdbv¡p¶Xn\pw anI¨
kwc£W \S]SnIÄ DmIp¶Xn\pw hyàn
Ifpw AtXmsSm¸w XXv]ccmb kwLS\Ifpw
Cu Imcy§Ä NÀ¨ sN¿psa¶pw AXns\
XpSÀ¶pÅ \S]SnIfpambn apt¶m«p t]mIpsa
¶pw R§Ä IcpXp¶p.
þ HmwPn tPm¬
8
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw I¶pImen Irjnbpw tUm. KtWjv slKvsU
"s\¸mS§Ä apgph\pant¸mÄ ssIX¨
¡ Irjn¡mbn amän. ]mS¯n\p Npäpw Ft¸mgpw
]pÃpmbncp¶p. I¶pImenIÄ¡v AXp kp`n
£amb Xoäbmbncp¶p. F¶m IoS\min\nbp
sS D]tbmKw ]pÃnsâ cpNnbn amäw hcp¯n.
{Kma¯nse sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v ]pÃv apdn¡p¶
tPmen sN¿m\pw XmXv]cyanÃmXmbn. Imen¯oä
bv¡pw hne IqSn hcnIbmWv.' knÀkn Xmeq¡v
tImÀfI« {Kma¯nse Ipt_c¸ \nwK¸ l³sk
acmZv F¶ 73-Imcsâ hm¡pIÄ I¶pImen hfÀ
¯ense \nehnepÅ AhØ shfnhm¡p¶p.
I¶pImen IÀjIcn IqSqX t]cpw
C¶o AhØ t\cnSp¶pv. KpWta·bpÅ
Imen¯oä I¶pImen Irjnbn hfsc {]m[m\y
apÅXmWv. 1970-Ifn ‘£oc hn¹hw' Bkq{XWw
sNbvXXv ]mepXv]mZ\w hÀ[n¸n¡m³ thnbm
bncp¶p. £ochn¹h¯n\mbn sPgv-kn, F¨v.F^v.
C\w ]ip¡sf hntZi¯v \n¶v Cd¡paXn
sNbvXp. Xt±i kmlNcy§fpambn CW§p¶
Hcp k¦c C\s¯ DXv]mZn¸n¡m³ \mS³ C\w
I¶pImenIsf Cu hntZin C\§fpambn t{Imkv
sNbvXp.
]mepXv]mZ\w IqSpXepÅ Cu k¦cbn\w
I¶pImenIÄ¡pw KpWta·bpÅ Xoä Bhiy
ambncp¶p. Imeo¯oäbpsS Afhn\pw {]m[m\y
apv. ap³Ime§fnsem¶pw CÃm¯ hn[w t]m
jI KpWapÅ Imen¯oä \ÂtIXv Bhiy
ambn h¶p. kmaqlnI, km¼¯nI amä§fpw
AXpambn _Ôs¸« ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw
I¶pImen hfÀ¯ens\bpw Imen¯oäbpsS Kp
Wta·sbbpw e`yXsbbpw F§s\ _m[n¨p
sh¶v _p²n]qÀhambn hnebncp¯nbm a\Ên
emIpw. Cu teJ\w IÀWmSIbnse D¯c I¶S
PnÃbnse knÀkn Xmeq¡n ImemhØm
hyXnbm\w aqew Imen¯oäbn Dmb amäs¯
¡pdn¨pÅXmWv.
temIs¯ Xs¶ ssPhsshhn[yapÅ
F«v tlm«v kvt]m«pIfnsem¶mWv Cu `q{]tZiw.
D¯c I¶Sbnse F«v Xmeq¡pIfnsem¶mWv
knÀkn (t_mIv-kvþ1). sshhn[y§fmb Acphn
IÄ, shÅs¡«pIÄ, CSXqÀ¶ h\{]tZi§Ä,
IrjnbnS§Ä F¶nh Cu {]tZi¯nsâ {]tXy
IXbmWv. sX¡v ]Snªmd³ Imäv Pq¬ apXÂ
sk]vXw_À hsc Cu {]tZi¯v ag e`yam¡p
¶p. Cu Xmeq¡nsâ aq¶n \mev {]tZiw h\
¯m Npäs¸«XmWv. tcJIÄ {]Imcw ]pÂ{]tZ
itam Imeo¯oä DXv]mZ\¯n\v {]tXyIamb
`qantbm CÃ. AXn\m ImSpIfn kzm`mhnI
ambn hfcp¶sXt´m AXmbncp¶p Imeo¯oä
bmbn e`yambncp¶Xv. Cu h\{]tZi¯n\p IqSp
XÂ a\pjyÀ Bhiy¡mcmbn h¶tXmsS {]Ir
XnZ¯amb Imen¯oäbn {ItaW Ipdhv hcm³
XpS§n.
knÀkn Xmeq¡nse ae\mSv {]tZis¯
Imen¯oä e`yXsb¡pdn¨v ]T\w \S¯nb
imkv{XÚ\mb am[hv KmUvKn Irjn`qanbnÂ
hfÀ¯p¶ Imen¯oä Hcp hÀj¯n cp
amkt¯t¡ XnIbq F¶v Is¯n. hÀj¯n
 _m¡n kabw BfpIÄ CXn\mbn h\s¯bm
Wv B{ibn¡p¶Xv. Cu {]tZis¯ I¶pImen
IÄ t]mjImlmc¡pdhv aqew Iãs¸Sp¶Xmbn
At±l¯nsâ ]T\w sXfnbn¡p¶p. DW¡¸p
Ãn 22 iXam\hpw ]¨¸pÃn 62-Dw aäv XoäbnÂ
64 iXam\¯nsâbpw IpdhpÅXmbn B ]T\w
]dbp¶p.
kmaqlnI, km¼¯nI amä§Ä knÀkn Xmeq¡nse Ing¡³ `mKs¯
P\kwJym]camb khntijXIÄ \nc¸mb {]tZ
i¯n\p kam\amWv. s\ÃmWv ChnsS {][m\
ambpw Irjn sN¿p¶ `£yhnf. F¶m Cu
ASp¯ Ime¯mbn s\Ãv C©n¡pw ssIX¨¡
Irjn¡pw hgn amdn sImSp¯p XpS§n. Cu
Xmeq¡nsâ ]Snªmdp {]tZiw ]ÀÆX§Ä \nd
ªXmWv. Xn§n \ndª ImSpIfm Npäs¸«Xm
Wo {]tZiw. ChnsS IqSpXepw ASbv¡ t]mep
Å tXm«IrjnbmWv. `q{]tZi¯nsâ khntij
X aqew Cu taJebnse IÀjIÀ¡v hnfbnÂ
henb sshhn[y§Ä ]co£n¡m³ IgnbnÃ.
Ipd¨v ]XnämpIÄ¡v ap¼v s\Ãmbncp¶p Chn
sS apJyambpw Irjn sNbvXncp¶Xv. Ct¸mÄ
AsXÃmw ASbv¡ Irjnbmbn ]cnhÀ¯\w
sN¿s¸«ncn¡p¶p. ]Snªmd³ taJebnse P\
§fpsS PohnX \nehmcw Ing¡³ {]tZis¯
P\§sf At]£n¨v anI¨XmWv. ImÀjnI sXmgn
emfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yamWv {][m\ {]iv-\w. Hmtcm
IÀjI\pw kz´ambpÅ Irjn`qan IpdhmbXn
\m Imen¯oä Irjn¡mbn am{Xw `qan amän
hbv¡m\pw Ignbp¶nÃ. Iq«pIpSpw_ hyhØnXn
CÃmXmIp¶Xpw Hmtcm IpSpw_¯nsâbpw ssI
9
hiapÅ Irjn`qanbpsS hnkvXrXn Ipdbm³
ImcWamWv.
Box-1: Sirsi Taluk – General Information Coordinates 14.6195°N 74.8354°E State Karnataka District Uttara Kannada Region Malenadu Total Area 1,322.32 km2 (510.55 sq mi) Elevation 600 m (2,000 ft) Population (2011) 1,75,550 (Taluk Population) Annual Rainfall About 2000 mm Change in rainfall in last 55 years Decreased from 2750 mm to 2250 mm Temperature in last 15 years 170C – 32.20C Grazing grassland Area -Nil- Average fodder in one hectare forest About 6-8 ton Livestock Local breed cattle 33,334 Mixed breed 16,828 Buffaloes 12,331 Goat 2,224 Sheep 1,097
Ing¡³ taJebn Irjn sN¿p¶
Imen¯oäbn t]mjIaqeyw IqSpXembXn\mÂ
AhnSps¯ P\§Ä¡mWv ]mepXv]mZ\¯nÂ
IqSpX XmXv]cyw. I¶pImen hfÀ¯en ]Sn
ªmd³ taJebn Ipdhv tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pv.
Imen¯oä F¯n¡m³ Nnehv IqSnbXpw sXmgn
emfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yhpw ]ip¡fpsS F®w Hcp
ho«n Ht¶m ctm F¶ Xc¯nte¡v Ipdbm³
ImcWambn. Hcp ho«nse Bhiy¯n\v am{Xta
Chbn \n¶v ]mev e`n¡q. ]mev hm§p¶XmWv
em`Icsa¶Xn\m ]e IÀjIcpw I¶pImenI
sf hn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶pv.
Imeo¯oäbpw ImemhØm amähpw {]IrXnZ¯ambn hfcp¶ Imen¯oä Im«n
epw Ip¶pIfnepw Ipän¡m«nepw \nc¸mb `qanbn
epw CeIÄ¡mbn hfÀ¯p¶ ImSpIfnepw s\Â
¸mS§Ä¡v Npän\pw ASbv¡m tXm«§Ä¡v kao
]hpamWv ImWs¸Sp¶Xv. Imeo¯oäbmbn GXm
v 90 C\w ]pÃpmbncp¶p.
F¶ment¸mÄ ]e C\§fpw ImWm\nÃ.
DÅh Xs¶ Xncn¨dnbm³ IgnhpÅ hnZKv[cp
anÃ. {]IrXnZ¯ambn e`yambncp¶ Imen¯oä
bpsS Afhn KWyamb Ipdhpmbn«pv. H¶p
cv ASn hsc am{Xw hfÀ¶ ]pÃv I\¯ agbn
 \in¨p t]mIpw. ImemhØm hyXnbm\w aqe
apÅ Imew sXänb agbn [mcmfambn DmIp
¶ {]mWnIÄ (Stink, Jasid, Spodaptera, Bristle beetle, etc) ]pÃns\ \in¸n¡pw. F¶m {]IrXn¡v Cu
{]mWnIsf \nb{´n¡m³ Hcp kwhn[m\apv þ-
Nne´n. ]pÃpIÄ¡nSbn Nne´n s\¿p¶ he
bn Cu {]mWnIÄ IpSp§pw. F¶m I\¯
agbn Cu Nne´n¡pw IqSp s\¿m³ IgnbnÃ.
Natural growing grass varieties 1. Arudodonas spp 2. Botheriochola pertusa, Heteropogon contortus 3. Cynodondactylon 4. Cynodonbarberi 5. Eriothloaprocera 6. Eragrostisbifaria 7. Andropogonaristata
I¶pImenIsf t]mäm³ Xoä hfÀ¯p¶
hfsc Ipd¨v IÀjItcbpÅq. adKpn {Kma¯n
se \mcmbW ]qPmcn (65) t\¸nbÀ, IGFRI, Kn\n,
knKv-\Â F¶nhbpw AXpt]mse t]mjIaqeyw
IqSnb ]e ]pÃn\§fpw hfÀ¯p¶pv. \nÀ`mKy
him A¯cw IÀjIcpsS F®w hfsc
IpdhmWv. Nne IÀjIÀ am{Xta hr£§fpsS
Ce Imen¯oäbmbn D]tbmKn¡p¶pÅq. shÅ
¸pÃv F¶v hnfn¡p¶ DW§nb I¨nbpw Im«nse
\nc¸mb Øe¯v DbÀ¶p hfcp¶ ]ptÃm BWv
DW¡ Imen¯oäbmbn D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. kw
Øm\¯nsâ aäp Øe§fn \n¶mWv Cu
shŸpÃv t]mepw F¯p¶Xv.
‘Cu hÀjs¯ A´co£ Xm]\nebpw
age`yX IpdªXpw ]pÃv Irjn¡v KpWIcambn
cp¶p' sh¶v hncan¨ imkv{XÚ\mb tla´v
slKvsU ]dbp¶p. ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw
Xßqew Imen¯oä Irjnbnepw e`yXbnepap-
mb hyXymkhpw sNdpXpw CS¯c¡mcpw `qan
bnÃm¯hcpamb IÀjIscbmWv _m[n¨ncn¡p
¶Xv. Npän\pw I¶pImen Iq«¯ns\m¸w hfcpI
bpw Ahsb Cãs¸SpIbpw sNbvX Ipt_c¸
Ignª ]¯v ]Xn\©v hÀjambn k¦c C\w
I¶pImenIsfbmWv hfÀ¯p¶Xv. aäp amÀ¤§
fnÃm¯Xn\m It¼mf¯n ]mbv¡äpIfn In
«p¶ Imeo¯oäbmWv Ipt_cbpsS B{ibw.
Cu {]tZi§fn ImSp \in¸n¡Â hym]
IamWv. sshhn[yamÀ¶ C\w Im«p ac§Ä¡v
]Icw AtIzjybpw am©nbw t]mes¯ ac§fp
amWv h\whIp¸v h¨p]nSn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Cu ac
§Ä¡v Nph«n ]pÃv \¶mbn hfcnÃ. Im«nÂ
hr£§Ä ]cnanXambXv Npän\papÅ {]tZi§
fn A´co£ Xm]\ne IqSm³ ImcWamIp¶p.
]pÃv CÃm¯Xn\m Xoä tXSn Id§n \S¡p¶
I¶pImenIfpanÃ. ]eXcw Imen¯oä hn¯pIÄ
NmWI¯neqsS ]SÀ¶ncp¶p. F¶ment¸mÄ A
10 ] - p-ÃmWv I¶p-Im-en-IÄ¡v {]nb-¦-c-amb Xoä
Xpw XSÊs¸«ncn¡p¶p. ]pÃv {]IrXnZ¯ambn
hfÀ¶ncp¶ ]e `q{]tZi§fpw ssIt¿ds¸«p.
bp]mtämdnbw t]mepÅ IfIÄ btYãw hfÀ¶p
sImncn¡p¶p. ]c¼cmKXambn AdnhpÅ k
kyhnf hnZmKv[À Ipdªp sImncn¡p¶p. ]¨
\nd¯nepÅ Imen¯oä kky§Ä Xncn¨dnbm³
I¶pImenIÄ¡v t]mepw Ignbp¶nsöXv FSp
¯p ]dbWw. BtcmKy¯n\v lm\nIcamb,
Ign¡m³ ]mSnÃm¯ C\w kky§fmWv Ah
Xoäbm¡p¶Xv. kzm`mhnIambn hfcp¶ Imen
¯oä CÃmXmbt¸mÄ IÀjIÀ I¶pImenIsf
tabm³ hnSp¶Xpw \nÀ¯n.
]Icw FÃm kab¯pw Ahsb sXmgp
¯n sI«nbnSpIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. IÀjIÀ¡v
I¶pImenIsf Xoäm³ Npäph« v hfcp¶ ]pÃn
t\bpw sNSntbbpw tXSn Cdt§n h¶p. Cu
taJebn hfcp¶ Hcp tXm«hnfbpw Imen
¯oäbmbn D]tbmKn¡m³ IgnbnÃ. [mcmfambn
D]tbmKn¡p¶ ‘shŸpÃn' BIs« th{X
t]mjIhpanÃ. CXp ]mepXv]mZ\s¯ kmcambn
_m[n¨p. sImÀf¡«bnepw _\hmknbnepw Ipd
¨v tNmfw Irjn sN¿p¶pv. F¶m t]mjI
KpWapÅ Cu tNmfs¨SnbpsS ImÞw ]ecpw
D]tbmKn¡p¶nÃ. NnecmIs« Ch hnfshSp¸n
\ptijw ]mS¯v Xs¶bn«v I¯n¡pIbpw sN
¿pw.
hncan¨ BIAF DtZymKØ\mb tUm. Pn. hn.
slKvsU ]dbp¶Xv I¶pImen XoäbpsS e`yX
ip`IcaÃm¯ AhØbnemsW¶mWv. CXnsâ
{][m\ ImcW§fnsem¶mIs« ImemhØm
hyXnbm\hpw. Cu {]tZis¯ a®v A¾mwiap
ÅXpw Pes¯ XSªp \ndp¯m³ tijnbnÃm
¯XpamWv. IW¡nÃm¯ h\\ioIcWw a®n
sâ Cu ta·bnÃmbva Iq«pIbpw sNbvXp. Imem
hØbnepmb amäs¯ DÄs¡mÅp¶Xn\pth
n Irjn coXnIfpw Ime§fmbn amdns¡mncn
¡p¶p.
`qcn`mKw I¶pImen IÀjIcpw t]mjI
KpWapÅ sdUnsabvUv Imen¯oäsb B{ibn
¡p¶p. Ch NnethdnbXmWv. Nne I¶pImen
Ifnse hÔyXbv¡pw Xz¡v tcmK§Ä¡pw Cu
sdUnsabvUv XoäbmWv ImcWsa¶ ktµl§
fpapv. ChbpsSsbms¡ ^eambn I¶pImen
hfÀ¯en IÀjIÀ¡v XmXv]cyw Ipdªp.
Xmeq¡nsâ ]Snªmd³ taJebnse IÀjIcpsS
Imcy¯n CXv {]tXyIn¨pw icnbmWv. AtX
kabw Ing¡³ {]tZis¯ IÀjIÀ ]dbp¶Xv,
F{X Iãs¸«mepw I¶pImen hfÀ¯Â XpScp
sa¶mWv. IemkÅn {Kma¯nse Fw.BÀ.
slKvsU ]dbp¶Xv ImemhØm hyXnbm\w
aqew ag IpdªXmWv kzm`mhnIambpw hfcp¶
Imen¯oä ]pÃnsâ e`yX Ipdbm³ ImcWsa
11 \cknwl `«v Xsâ Calliandra tXm«- nÂ
¶mWv. adKpn {Kma¯nse Znt\iv sN¶¸
\mbn ¡n\v A©v Holstein Friesians ]ip¡fpw cv
Fcpa Ifpapv. IGFRI, DHN F¶o ssl{_nUv
]pÃn\§ fpw Znt\iv sN¶¸ hfÀ¯p¶pv.
Imen¯oä hmt§n hcpsa¶Xn\m ag Ipd
bpt¼mÄ Nnethdpsa¶mWv At±lw ]dbp¶Xv.
tkm¬ {Kma¯nse atljv slKvsUbv¡v ]¯n
e[nIw k¦cbn\w I¶pImenIfpv. {]IrXnZ
¯ambn hfcp¶ Imen¯oäbn At±lw B{i
bn¡p¶nÃ. ]Icw IGFRI- 1, IGFRI- 7 F¶o Xoä¸pÃv
atljv hfÀ¯p¶p. kz´w hmgt¯m«¯nse
hmg¸nnbpw atljv ImenIÄ¡v sImSp¡p¶p
v. hmg¡¶pw anI¨ Imen¯oäbmsW¶v atl
jn\dnbmw. IÀjI\mb _w¥n sh¦tSjv ]dbp
¶Xv {]IrXnZ¯amb Imen¯oäbn AfhnÂ
Ipdhnsænepw ]gbXp t]mse sshhn[yansÃ
¶mWv. ‘]mbv¡äv Xoäbnepw shŸpÃnepw DbÀ
¶ tXmXn IoS\min\n AS§nbn«pv',- At±lw
]dbp¶p.
Im«n ]pÃv hfÀ¯p¶Xv as®men¸pw
XSbp¶p. a®nse _mjv]w \ne\ndp¯m\pw CXp
klmbn¡p¶p. IW¡nÃmsXbpÅ acw sh«Â
CeIÄ Imen¯oä¡mbn D]tbmKn¨ncp¶ ]e
ac§sfbpw hwi\mi¯nte¡v XÅnbn«n«pv.
ImemhmØm hyXnbm\hpw I¶pImen
hfÀ¯en AXpm¡nb amähpw `qanbnse kIeXns\bpw {]XnIqeambn
_m[n¨ ImemhØm hyXnbm\w Gähpw tZmj
Icambn _m[n¨Xv IrjnsbbmWv. ]c¼cmKX
ambn \½psS IÀjIÀ Irjnsbbpw I¶pImen
hfÀ¯ens\bpw thdn«v ImWm¯hcmWv. Imem
hØm hyXnbm\hpambn s]mcp¯s¸Sm³ Imew
\ÂInb Adnhpw AhÀ¡pv. {]tXyIn¨pw
knÀkn Xmeq¡v taJebnse I¶pImen hfÀ
¯en ]e amä§fpapmbn. kzm`mhnIambn
hfcp¶ DbÀ¶ KpWta·bpÅ Imen¯oäbnÂ
Ipdhpmbn. I¶pImenIÄ¡v tabm³ CSanÃm
XmbXv Imeo¯oä apgph\mbpw hmt§nhcp¶
AhØbnse¯n¡pIbpw CXp I¶pImen hfÀ
¯ensâ Nnehv hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Irjn
¡mbn ‘]e ssIIÄ' Dmbncp¶ Iq«pIpSpw_
§Ä A{]Xy£ambn. AWpIpSpw_§Ä IqSn.
I¶pImen hfÀ¯en Bhiyamb ImbnIm[zm
\w \S¯m³ bphXeapd X¿mdÃ. IÀjI sXmgn
emfnIfpsS F®w Ipdªp. s]mXpth I¶pImen
hfÀ¯Â em`Icasö A`n{]mbhpapnt¸mÄ.
k¦cC\w I¶pImenIsfbmWv CXv Gähpa
[nIw _m[n¨Xv. I¶pImenIfpsS {]XypXv]mZ\
tijn Ipdbp¶Xpw tcmK§fpw KWyamb tXmXn
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12
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sâ AcnIn hfcp¶ Im«p]pÃmWv D]tbmKn¡p
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Calliandra calothyrsus F¶ ap´nbbn\w Imen¯oä
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13
Imen- oä \pdp-¡m-\pÅ D]-I-cWw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv ]mgvs¨-ehv CÃm-Xm-¡m³ km[n¡pw
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£aXbpw thKXbpw hÀ²n¸n¡Ww. I¶pImen
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 ]dbp¶ t]mse ‘AInSnt\¡mÄ ]mepÅXv
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Nph«nembn I½yqWnän ]p¸mS§Ä h¨p ]nSn¸n
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fp¸¯n e`yam¡Ww. ]m tiJcW Ubdn
(IÀWmSI an¡v s^Utdjsâ IogoepÅXv)
]Ww kv{XoIfpsS A¡unemWv \nt£]n¡p
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I¶pImen hfÀ¯en AhÀ¡v IqSpX XmXv]
cyapmIm³ CXp]Icn¡pw. XmXv]cyapÅ IÀ
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BhiyapÅ FÃm IÀjIcnte¡pw CsX¯Ww.
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¡Ww.
14
Different fodder breed Condition Breed Irrigation Hybrid Napier, Gini, Centroseema, Ciratro, Hedge loosern Rain-fed PerrinealSorgham, Brakeria(signal), Rodes, StylosanthusScabra Drought resistant StyloScabra, SiratroBakeria, StylosanthusHemata Saline water Rodes, Desmonthus Non-shade Rodes Dry land StylosanthusScabra, StylosanthusGynensis Acidic soil Ciratro, Desmonthus, StylosanthusScabra, StylosanthusGynensis Alkaline soil Rodes Saline soil Para Shaded area Centroseema, Grazing gini Heavy Rainfall Centroseems, StylosanthusGynensis All soil types Desmonthus, Ciratro Uneven land Grazing gini, Stylosanthus varieties Kitchen garden Gini, Hybrid Napier Forestland Stylosanthus varieties Farm Stylosanthus varieties, Gini, Hybrid Napier Thin forest land Syncrus Areca farm Para, Congo Signal Live fence Glirisidia, Caliandra, Subabul, Hibiscus, Furaria, Velvet Beans
ssPhhmXI- kutcmÀÖ bqWnäpIÄ
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I¶pImen hfÀ¯ens\ t{]mÕmln¸n¡pw.
ap´nbbn\w I¶pImenIÄ¡v C³jzd³kv ]cnc
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bpÅ ImeXmakw ta¸dª Imcy§Äs¡m
s¡ Hgnhm¡Ww. I¶pImen hfÀ¯ens\¡p
dn¨v ]c¼mcmKXambpÅ Adnhv th Xc¯nÂ
]Tn¡pIbpw tUmIypsaâv sN¿pIbpw thWw.
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hcXpamb {]tZihpw CXn\p]tbmKn¡mhp¶
XmWv. {]mtZinI Huj[§fpsSbpw I¶pImen
Isf NnInÕn¡m³ D]tbmKn¡p¶ Huj[kky
§fpsSbpw {Iam\pKXamb tUmIypsatâj³
\S¯Ww. C¯cw AdnhpIÄ Nn«bmbn tiJcn
¡m³ Hcp imkv{Xobamb ]T\w \S¯Ww. Imen
¯oä \ãw hcp¶Xv XSbm³ A[nIw hcp¶
Imen¯oä kq£n¡m\pw kwkvIcn¡m\papÅ
coXnIÄ {]Ncn¸n¡Ww. Xo{h ImemhØ aqeap
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FÃm Xe¯nte¡pw {]Ncn¸n¡Ww.
hcĨbn I¶pImen kwc£W¯n\v
{]tXyI {]m[m\yw \ÂIWw. I¶pImenIfnÂ
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FSp¡m³ IÀjIÀ ap³ssIsbSp¡Ww. Xt±io
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IpdhmsW¦nepw NqSnt\mSpw Xo{h ImemhØ
tbmSpw Ahbv¡v AXoh {]Xntcm[tijnbpv.
Xoäbpw Ahbv¡v Ipd¨p aXnbmIpw. icn¡pw
\ap¡v Xt±iobambn H¶m´cw Fcpabn\§
fpv. imkv{XÚÀ {i²m]qÀhw hnhn[ C\
§fpsS Iq«n tbmPn¸n¨pÅ {]P\\¯neqsS Xt±
iob C\§sf hnIkn¸n¡Ww.
Bibiliography: 1. Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Different Land Use System in Sirsi Taluka of Uttara Kannada District Through Geo-Informatics Approach. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/269994562_Carbon_Sequestration_in_Soils_of_Different_Land_Use_System_in_Sirsi_Taluka_of_Uttara_Kannada_District_Through_Geo-Informatics_Approach [accessed Oct 13, 2015]. 2. Climate Change and Biodiversity, Edition: First, Chapter: Chapter 9, Publisher: Springer Japan, Editors: M. Singh et al, pp.113-122 https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Zi5iCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=impact+of+climate+change+on+feeding+pattern+of+animals&source=bl&ots=A4l_M http://www.academia.edu/10083382/Impact_of_Climate_Change_on_Livestock_Production_A_Review http://agricoop.nic.in/Climatechange/ccr/files/Indian%20Livestock%20and%20Climate%20Change,%202004.pdf http://www.cibtech.org/J-Innovative-Research-Review/Publications/2014/Vol-2-No-4/19-JIRR-020-SANDEEP-MITIGATION.pdf 3. ICAR Policy series, No16, May 2012
15
4. Indian grassland and fodder research institute, Regional research station dharwad –Training manual 5. International Journal of Innovative Research and Review ISSN: 2347 – 4424 (Online) An Online International Journal Available at http://www.cibtech.org/jirr.htm 2014 Vol. 2 (4) October-December, pp.124-144
6. Reddy and Rao Research Article © Copyright 2014 | Centre for Info Bio Technology (CIBTech) 133. 7. Rani, S. S. JIVA, Vol. 10 Issue 3 December 2012 61-65. 8. Sherman, D.M. 2010. A Global Veterinary medical Perspective on the concept of one health: Focus on livestock. ILAR Journal. 51(3): 281- 287.
Ganesh Hegde can be contacted at [email protected]
16
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jy icoc¯n\mhiyamb ]e t]mjI§fpw AS
§nbn«pv. temI¯v Xs¶ 26.4 Zie£w slÎ
dn \ne¡Se¡rjn sN¿p¶p. temI `£y, ImÀ
jnI bpWnb³ 2003-se dnt¸mÀ«v {]Imcw BtKm
fXe¯nse \ne¡Se DXv]mZ\w 37.10 Zie£w
S®pw icmicn hnfhv slÎdn\p 14 IznâepamWv.
sam¯w DXv]mZ\¯nsâ 94 iXam\hpw hnIkzc
cmPy§fnemWv. F¶m hnfhv Hmtcm cmPy¯pw
kwØm\¯pw {]tZi¯pw hyXymks¸«ncn¡p
¶p.
DjvW taJe hnf agsb B{ibn¨pw PetkN\¯neqsSbpw
\ne¡Se Irjn sN¿mdpv. F¶m IqSpXepw
agsb B{ibn¨mWv Irjn. C´ybn Cu Irjn
¡v Gähpw A\ptbmPyamb kabw th\¡me
hpw ImehÀjhpamWv. Gähpw A\ptbmPyamb
Xm]\ne icmicn 25 Un{Kn skÂjykv apXÂ 30
Un{Kn skÂjykv hsc. 35 Un{Kn skÂjykn\v
apIfnepÅ Xm]\ne hnfsb {]XnIqeambn_m[n
¡pw.
"a¬kq¬ (ImehÀjw) Imes¯ aqSn
s¡«nb ImemhØ hnfbnse IoSm{IaWs¯
t{]mÕmln¸nt¨¡mw. Xm]\ne IpdhmsW¦nÂ
apf hcp¶Xv sshIpw. AtXkabw Xm]\ne
XpSÀ¨bmbn aq¶v Znhkw 18 Un{Kn skÂjy
tkm AXn IqSpXtem BsW¦n hnXbv¡p¶
Xns\ AXp klmbn¡psa¶v _ºÀ A{KnIÄ
¨d dntkÀ¨v C³Ìnäyq«nse tPmbnâv UbdÎÀ
N{µ¸ ]dbp¶p.
Hcp {]tZi¯nsâ `qanimkv{X]camb InS
¸mWv AXnsâ Xm]\ne \nÀWbn¡p¶sX¦nepw
aghnfIfpsS hnXbv¡Â \nÝbn¡p¶Xv agbpsS
e`yXbmWv. IÀWmSI, a[y{]tZiv, KpPdm¯v,
cmPØm³, almcm{ã, B\v-{[ {]tZiv F¶o
kwØm\§fmWv C´ybn \ne¡Se DXv]mZ\
¯n ap¶nÂ.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw Ipdbp¶ DXv
]mZ\hpw a¬kq¬ Imes¯ ag e`yXbnse hyXn
bm\w \ne¡Se DXv]mZ\w Ipdbm³ ImcWam
Ip¶pv. 1990--þ2000 kab v IÀWmSIbn Ime
17
hÀj e`yX Ipdhmbncp¶p. Cu ImebfhnÂ
\ne¡Se hnfhv IpdbpIbpw XpSÀ¶v \ne¡Se
Irjn sNbvXncp¶ Øe¯n t]mepw Ipdhp-
mhpIbpw sNbvXXmbn ImÀjnI tcJIÄ
]dbp¶p. 1980- 18.98 e£w G¡dn \ne¡Se
Irjn sNbvXncp¶p. 1990-Â CXv 29.85 e£w
G¡dnte¡v hym]n¨p. F¶m 2000-¯n CXv 26
e£w F¡dmbn Ipdªp.
\mWy hnfbpw hcĨm _m[nX PnÃbpw Nn{XZpÀK PnÃbn Ggv D]PnÃIÄ (Xmeq
¡pIÄ) Dv. ]IpXn {]tZihpw (GItZiw aq¶v
D]PnÃIfnÂ) ae{¼tZis¯ ImemhØbmWp
ÅXv. aäv D]PnÃIfn Xd\nc¸mb {]tZi§fn
se, Ipdª ag e`n¡p¶, `q{]IrXnbmWpÅXv-.
hÀj¯nepS\ofw hc ImehØbmWv. PnÃbp
sS 9.55 iXam\¯n am{XamWv h\apÅXv. Chn
sS ag e`yXbpsS tXmXv 380 anÃn aoäÀ apX 550
anÃn aoäÀ hscbmWv. ImehÀj¯n\p tijapÅ
kab¯mWv ChnsS IqSpXepw ag e`n¡p¶Xv.
ag e`yX Xmeq¡pIÄ tXmdpw hyXymks¸«ncn
¡pw. PetkN\ t{kmXÊpIsfm¶pw e`yaÃ.
PnÃbpsS `qcn`mKw {]tZihpw hcXmWv. agsb
B{ibn¨pÅ IrjnbmWv Ignª Hcp \qämm
bn ChnsS \ne\nev¡p¶Xv.
hnfIÄ Nn{XZpÀKbn {][m\ambpw Irjn sN¿p
¶ `£y hnfIÄ ap¯mdnbpw, s\Ãpw tPmhdp
amWv. ChnsS hfÀ¯p¶ hymhkmbnI {]m[m\y
apÅ hnfIÄ ]cp¯nbpw \ne¡Sebpw. Ignª
]¯v ]{´v hÀjambn khmfbpw ]¨apfIpw
hym]Iambn Irjn sN¿p¶p. F¶m Irjn `qan
bpsS 80.37 iXam\hpw \ne¡SebmWv hnfbn
¡p¶Xv. NÃsIsc, samfIÂapcp, lncnbpÀ F¶o
Xmeq¡pIfn \ne¡Se Irjn¡v A\ptbmPy
amb Nph¶ a®mWpÅXv. {][m\ambpw agsb
B{ibn¨mWv ChnsS \ne¡Se Irjn sb¦nepw
Ipg InWdn \n¶pÅ shÅhpw D]tbmKn
¡mdpv. sNdpInS¡mcpw h³InS¡mcpw AS§p
¶XmWv ChnSps¯ IÀjIÀ.
NÃs¡sc Xmeq¡nse \ne¡Se Irjn \ne¡Sebpw kqcyIm´nbpw km^vfh
dpw DĸsSbpÅ ]eXcw F®¡pcp¡Ä ChnsS
Irjn sN¿p¶pv. GXmv ]IpXn `q{]tZi
¯pw (50.06%) \ne¡Se IrjnbmWv sN¿p¶Xv.
ChnSps¯ \ne¡Se IrjnbpsS hnPb¯n\v
{][m\ ImcWambn ImÀjnI hnZKv²À Nqn¡m
Wn¡p¶ Imcyw a®nsâ KpWta·bmWv. aWep
IeÀ¶XmWv ChnSps¯ a®v. CXp shÅw
hens¨Sp¡pIbpw CuÀ¸w \ne\ndp¯pIbpw sN
¿pw. ImÀ_¬ ssU HmIvsskUns\ Ffp¸¯n
 IS¯nhnSpIbpw sN¿p¶ Cu a®v ag hnfI
fpsS anI¨ hfÀ¨ kpKaam¡p¶p.
NÃsIsc Xmeq¡n GXmv 90,000
slÎdn I¸en Irjn sN¿p¶pv. "Ignª
Hcp ]Xnämmbn icmicn e`n¡p¶ agbpsS
Afhv IpdhmWv. C¡mebfhn cp hÀjw
am{Xta \ne¡Se Irjn¡v A\ptbmPyamb tXm
Xn ag e`n¨pÅq. kpe`ambn ag e`n¨Xv Imc
Ww 2008 Â H¶m´cw hnfhv e`n¨p', Irjn Hm^o
kÀ kv]qÀ¯n ]dbp¶p. hnXbv¡pt¼mgpw ]pjv
¸n¡p¶ L«¯nepamWv ag {][m\ambpw Bh
iyambn hcp¶Xv. KpWta·bpÅ hnfhv e`n¡m
³ CXv klmbn¡pw. KpWta·bpÅ hnfhv e`n
¨m ASp¯ hnXbv¡en\v KpW ta·bpÅ hn
¯pw Dd¸n¡mw. "PetkN\ amÀ¤§Ä D]tbmKn
¨v Irjn sNbvX IÀjIÀ agsb B{ibn¨pÅ
Irjn¡v thn Cu hn¯pIÄ kq£n¨v hbv
¡pw. A§s\ cp Xc¯nepÅ Irjnbnepw
AhÀ KpWta· Dd¸m¡pw' kv]qÀ¯n Iq«nt¨À
¡p¶p.
\ne¡Sebnse {][m\ C\§Ä hffnt]mse ]SÀ¶p hfcp¶Xpw Ipäns¨
Sn t]msebpffXpamb cn\§fmWv ap¶v Zim
_vZw ap¼v apXÂ Irjn sNbvXncp¶Xv. \ne¡Se
]cn¸v hnfshSp¯ CeIfpw Xpw Imen¯oä
bmbn D]tbmKn¡p¶p. F¶m ag e`yX Ipd
ªXpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw ]SÀ¶p
hfcp¶ C\s¯ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¨p. CXnÂ
\n¶pÅ hnfhv {ItaW Ipdbm³ XpS§n. I¶p
ImenIfpsS F®hpw ]Xnsb Ipdªp h¶p.
]SÀ¶p hfcp¶ C\¯n F®bpsS Awiw
IpdhmsW¶v IÀjIÀ ]dbp¶p. "hr¯nbm¡p
¶Xpw DW¡p¶Xpw F®bm«nsbSp¡p¶Xpw
{iaIcamb tPmenbmsW¶Xn\m IqSpXÂ
sXmgnemfnIfpw ]SÀ¶p hfcp¶ C\¯nsâ hnf
shSp¸n\v Bhiyambn hcp¶p. F¶m Ipäns¨
Sn C\¯nsâ hnfshSp¯m kwkvIcn¡p¶Xv
hsc Ffp¸amWv. hnfhpw Xr]vXnIcamWv. F®
bpw {Io¸À C\t¯¡mÄ IqSpXepv. AXn\mÂ
`pcn`mKw IÀjIcpw Ct¸mÄ Ipäns¨Sn C\amWv
Irjn sN¿p¶Xv.’ NÃsIsc Xmeq¡v s_m½km
{Ô {Kma¯nse IÀjI³ hotcjv ]dbp¶p.
Xsâ Btd¡À IrjnbnS¯n Ignª 20 hÀj
ambn \ne¡Se Irjn sN¿pIbmWv hotcjv.
IÀjIcpsS XmXv]cyw Ipäns¨Sn C\
¯nsâ ]cn¸v aäv ]e hnfIsfbpw t]mse _lp-D]tbm
KamWv Ipäns¨Sn C\¯n\papÅXv. hnfshSp¸n\v
tijw CXnsâ imJIÄ Imen¯oäbmbn D]
tbmKn¡p¶p. F® thÀXncns¨Sp¯v, tijn¡p
¶ `mKw sImv Nne km[\§Ä DXv]mZn¸n¡m
dpv. ]cn¸nsâ hc ]pdwtXmSv hfapm¡m
\pw D]tbmKn¡p¶p. hn¯pIfnse F®bpsS
AwiamWv Cu C\¯nsâ {][m\ khntijX.
18
s_m½-km-{µ-bn-epÅ Xsâ \ne-¡-Se tXm«- n hotcjv
ag Ipdªmepw IqSnbmepw Xm]\nebn hyXn
bm\apmIpt¼mgpw \Ã hnfhv e`n¡psa¶Xm
Wv asämcp {]tXyIX. "IÀjIÀ¡v KpWIcamb
C¯cw khntijXIÄ aqeamWv Cu C\¯n\v
C{Xta {]oXn e`n¨Xpw {Io¸À C\¯n\v ]Icw
CXp]tbmKn¡m³ XpS§nbXpw.’ asämcp IÀjI
\mb _khcmPp ]dbp¶p.
\ne¡Se CS¡rjn ap³Ime¯v \ne¡Se {][m\ hnfbpw
aäp [m\y§Ä CS¡rjnbpambncp¶p. \hW, F
Åv, Xphc ]cn¸v, Ipän]bÀ, sNdp]bÀ XpS§nb
hbmWv CS¡rjn sNbvXncp¶Xv. Htcm \mev,
Bdv, ]{´v \ne¡Se sNSn\ncIfpsS CSbnem
bncp¶p Cu hnfIÄ Irjn sNbvXncp¶Xv. aän\w
sNdp[m\y§fpw AXnÀ¯n sNSnIfmbn \«ncp
¶p. Cu CShnfIÄ hn¡p¶Xnt\¡mfp]cn
IÀjIcpsS kz´w Bhiy¯n\mWv D]tbmKn¨n
cp¶Xv. Irjn sN¿m³ Ffp¸apÅ ‘]Whnf'Ifm
bmWv IÀjIÀ¡nSbn CXv Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xv-.
Cu CShnfIÄ IoSm{IaW¯nsâ tZmj^e¯n
 \n¶v {][m\hnfsb kwc£n¡psa¶pw ]cnN
b k¼¶cmb IÀjIÀ ]dbp¶p. Cu CShnf
IÄ ]£nIsf BIÀjn¡pIbpw Ah IoS§sf
sIm¯nsbSp¡pIbpw sN¿pw.
F¶m Ignª Ipd¨p hÀj§fmbn
IÀjIÀ Cu CShnf Irjn {ItaW Dt]£n¨p.
CShnf¡rjn¡v IqSpXÂ sXmgnemfnIÄ Bhiy
amWv. IÀjI sXmgnemfnIfpsS ZuÀe`yhpw ag
e`yXbnse hyXnbm\hpw hc ImemhØbpw
CS¡rjn hnfhns\ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¨p.
{][m\ hnfbpsS t]mjW§Ä CShnfIÄ hen
s¨Sp¡p¶psh¶pw AXn\m Hcp hnf am{Xw
Irjn sN¿p¶Xv IqSpXÂ hnfhv \ÂIpsa¶pw
IÀjIÀ IcpXp¶p. Hcphnf Irjn coXnbnte¡v
amdnb BZy hÀj§fn \à DXv]mZ\w e`n¨n
cp¶p. Ipd¨v sXmgnemfnIÄ aXnbmbncp¶p F¶
Xn\m AXv kuIcy{]Zhpambncp¶p. F¶mÂ
cp aq¶v hÀj§Ä¡v tijw Cu coXn¡v
IqSpXÂ hfhpw IoS\min\nbpw Bhiyambn h
¶p. IoS§Ä ]eXc¯nepw IqSpXepambn. Hnf
hpw Ipdbm³ XpS§n. "CsXms¡bmsW¦nepw
IÀjIÀ \ne¡Se Irjnbn Hcp hnf coXn
Xs¶ XpScp¶psh¶v, _ºÀ At{Km dnkÀ¨v
skâdnse imkv{XÚ\pw tPmbnâv UbdIvdp
amb N{µ¸ ]dbp¶p.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw em`\ã§fpw Hcphnf, CShnfIrjn coXnIÄ ]n´pScp
t¼mÄ \ne¡Se IrjnbpsS DXv]mZ\¯nÂ
DmIp¶ hyXymkw IÀjIÀ¡v thÀXncn¨v
Adnbm\mIpw. apXnÀ¶ IÀjIÀ Cu hyXmkw
ASnhcbn«v ]dbp¶p. s_m½km{µbnse hotcjv
Ignª ]¯v hÀjambn \ne¡Se Hcphnf Irjn
Bbn«mWv sN¿p¶Xv. "Fsâ AÑsâ Ime v
Htc¡dn 40 Nm¡v \ne¡Se e`n¡pambncp¶p.
Hmtcm Nm¡nepw 20 Intem hoXw. Ct¸mÄ {][m\
ambpw ag e`yXbnse hyXnbm\w aqew hnftcmK
§fpw IoS§fpw hÀ²n¨p. a®nsâ ^e`pbnãn
Ipdªp. Ct¸mÄ Htc¡dn\v Iãn¨v 20 Nm¡v
\ne¡Sesb e`n¡q. Hmtcm Nm¡nepamIs« ]¯v
Intem hoXta hnfhpmIq’, hotcjv ]dbp¶p.
"ap³Ime§fn Hmtcm sNSn¡pw 42 ]pdt´mSv D-
mIpambncp¶p. Hmtcm hn¯pw anI¨Xmbncp¶p.
ag e`n¡p¶Xnse hyXmkw FÃmw amän adn¨p.
Ct¸mÄ Hcp sNSn¡v Iãn¨v 20 tXmSpIÄ am{X
tabpÅq. IqSpXÂ hn¯pIfpw Idp¯Xpw Xosc
sNdpXpw s]mÅbmbXpamWv. F¦nepw Irjn C
t¸mgpw \ãaÃ’- hotcjnsâ Aѳ CucÖ
F¶ apXnÀ¶ IÀjI³ ]dbp¶p.
]ckv]c ]qcIamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯n\p]pdta ]e
kmaqlnI LSI§fpw hnf ^es¯ _m[n¨n
«pv. IÀjIÀ CXv Xncn¨dnbp¶papv. F¶mÂ
Bcpw Hcp _ZÂ amÀKw XncsªSp¡m³ Hcp¡
aÃXm\pw. Hcp ]Xnämv ap¼v hsc cp hoSp
Ifnsem¶n I¶pImenbpw BSpw tImgnhfÀ
¯epw Dmbncp¶p. IrjnbnS§fn hf¯n\p
£maanÃmbncp¶p. hfsc Ipdt¨ cmkhfw hm
t§n hcpambncp¶pÅq. Irjn¡v Bhiyamb
19 PK-Zojv Xsâ \ne-¡-Se tXm«- nÂ
aäv hkvXp¡sfm¶pw ]pdta \n¶v hm§msXbm
Wv G¡dp IW¡n\v \ne¡Se Irjn sNbvXncp
¶Xv. Iq«pIpSpw_¯nse Hmtcm AwKhpw Irjn
bpambn _Ôs¸«ncp¶p. Ct¸mÄ Hcp ho«nepw
I¶pImenbpw BSpanÃ. agbpsS Afhv IpdªXv
apew Ipg InWdnepw shÅanÃmXmbn. KpWta
·bpÅ hn¯v In«m³ {]bmkambn.
bphm¡Ä ITn\m[zm\w sN¿m³ X¿mdm
Ip¶nÃ. hn¯v, hfw, sXmgnemfn, hnfshSp¸v
FÃm¯n\pw ]Ww Nnehm¡Ww. ap³Ime¯v
hnfhv IqSpXembncp¶psh¶v hotcjv ]dbpt¼m
Ä CucÖ AXns\ efnXhXvIcn¡p¶p-. "\ne
¡Se Hcp henb hnfbmWv. AXn \n¶v \Ã
hnfhv e`n¡pt¼mÄ IÀjIÀ¡v e£§Ä In«pw.
e£§fnsænepw Bbnc§Ä Dd¸mbpw e`n
¡pw. \qdp Intem hn¯n\v Iznâep IW¡n\mWv
^ew. hcĨ t]mepÅ Gähpw {]XnIqe kml
Ncy¯n t]mepw, FÃm IpSp_mwK§fpw Irjn
bnS¯n ]WnsbSp¯mÂ, Ipds¨¦nepw hcpam
\w e`n¡pw. C§s\ ]WnsbSp¡p¶Xv sImm
Wv R§Ä¡v Btd¡dn \ne¡Se Irjn sN
¿m³ km[n¡p¶Xv'.
amdp¶ kmaqlnI LS\ \ne¡Sbn hnfhv Ipdbm³ ImcWw CS
Irjn k{¼Zmbw Ahkm\n¸n¨XmsW¶v asämcp
imkv{XÚ\mb tUm. IpamÀ \mbn¡v ]dbp¶p.
I¶pImenbpw BSpw tImgnbpw hfÀ¯nbncp¶
IÀjIÀ cmkhfw B{ibn¨ncp¶nÃ. ac§fpsS
CeIfmWv AhÀ hfambn D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv.
CXp aqew Irjn em`IcamIp¶ Xc¯n hnfhv
IqSpXepw Nnehv Ipdhpambncp¶p. "cmkhf¯n
sâbpw IoS\min\nbpsSbpw D]tbmKw a®nsâ
KpWta·sb {]XnIqeambn _m[n¨p. a®n\nt¸m
Ä CuÀ¸w \ne\ndp¯m\pÅ tijn Ipdªp.
AXnt\¡mfp]cn bphm¡Ä¡v Irjnbn XmXv]
cyanÃmXmbn. sNdnb IpSpw_§Ä¡v IqSpXÂ
]Ww IÀjI sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v thn Nnehgn
t¡n hcp¶p', tKm]\lÅnbnse PKZojv ]d
bp¶p. _ncpZ[mcnbmb PKZojv Xsâ Ft«¡À
IrjnbnS¯n sXmgnemfnIsf h¨v IpSpw_mw
K§fpsS klmbw CÃmsXbmWv ]WnsbSp¡p
¶Xv. asämcp hcpam\amÀ¤ambn PKZojv Xp¶epw
sN¿p¶pv.
imkv{Xobamb ImcW§Ä "1960\pw -80\pw CSbn cmPy¯pS\ofw
hnfIfpsS LS\bn amäapmbn. It¼mf
tI{µoIrXamb, IqSpXÂ hnfhv In«p¶ hnfIÄ
¡mbn ap³Xq¡w. F¶m Cu amä¯nsâ ]cn
WnX^es¯¡pdn¨v Bcpw Nn´n¨nÃ. PetkN\
amÀK§sf B{ibn¨v Irjn sNbvXncp¶hsc
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w Imcyambn _m[n¨nÃ.
agsb B{ibn¨v Irjn sNbvXncp¶hscbmWv
_m[n¨Xv--' imkv{XÚ\mb tUm. ]n BÀ. tij
Kncn ]dbp¶p. ImemhØbpw \ne¡Se Irjn
bpsS hnfhpw X½nepÅ _Ôs¯¡pdn¨v shfn
¨w hoip¶XmWv At±lw \S¯nb ka{Kamb
imkv{Xob ]T\§Ä. "agbpw hnfhpw B\p]mXn
20
Iambncp¶nÃ. Cu s]mcp¯t¡Sv Gähpa[nIw
ImWs¸«Xv \ne¡Se IrjnbnemWv.’ NÃs¡sc
t]mse {][m\ambpw \ne¡Se Irjn sN¿p¶
{]tZi§fn ImemhØm hyXnbm\w aqeapÅ
amäw At±lw A]{KYn¨n«pv. "AXv \½psS
\nb{´W¯n\pw A¸pdamWv. agbpsS amdnb
LS\bv¡\pkcn¨v Irjn sNt¿nbncn¡p¶p'.
At±lw ]dbp¶p. IÀjIÀ agsb¡pdn¨v am{X
amWv ]dbp¶Xv. a®nsâ KpWta·bpw Ipdªn
cn¡p¶p. a®n ssPh hkvXp¡Ä H¶pw Xs¶
bnÃ. CXp aqew \\hv ]nSn¨p \ndp¯m\pÅ ti
jnbpw Ipdªp. \ne¡SebpsS hnfhv \nÀWbn
¡p¶Xn agbpsSbpw a®nsâbpw LSI§Ä¡v
{]m[m\yapv. a®nsâ KpWta· DbÀ¯msX
IrjnbnS§fn shÅw XSªp \ndp¯m\mInÃ.
a®nsâ ASn¯«nse \\hv hÀ[n¸n¡p¶XnÂ
IÀjIÀ {i²bq¶Ww. Cu \\hnsâ tXmXv
A\pkcn¨mbncn¡Ww hnf Xocpam\nt¡Xv’, tUm. tijKncn \nÀt±in¡p¶p.
F® anÃpIÄ AS¨p]q«n \ne¡Se Irjnbnse hnfhv IpdªXv
CXv AkwkvIrX hkvXphmbn D]tbmKn¨ncp¶
hyhkmb§sfbpw _m[n¨p. F®anÃpIÄ \S
¯nbhcpw AhnSps¯ sXmgnemfnIfpw CXv
{]XnIqeambn _m[n¨hcn DÄs¸Sp¶p. \ne¡
Se IrjnbpsS kphÀW Ime v F® anÃpIÄ
NÃsIscbn IqWqIÄ t]mse hfÀ¶ncp¶p.
Cu F®aä anÃpIÄ ImcWw NÃs¡scsb
‘tOm«m t_mws_' F¶mWv Hcp Ime¯v hnfn¨n
cp¶Xv. anI¨ \ne¡Se DXv]mZ\w hymhkmbnI
tI{µam¡n NÃs¡scsb amän. 1985\pw 1995\pw
CSbn NÃs¡scbn GXmv 100 F® anÃp
IÄ Dmbncp¶p. lncnbqÀ, ]mhv-KU, samfIÂ-
apcp Xmeq¡pIfnepw \sÃmcp iXam\w \ne¡Se
IÀjIcpmbncp¶p. \Ã hnfhpmbncp¶Xv
aqew anÃpIÄ \à coXnbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶pm
bncp¶p. \ne¡Sebv¡v \Ã hne In«nbncp¶Xv
aqew IÀjIÀ IqSpXÂ em`w tamln¨p. CS¡r
jn coXn AhÀ Dt]£n¡pIbpw IqSpXÂ em`
¯n\mbn \ne¡Se am{Xw Irjn sN¿pIbpw
sNbvXp. cmkhfw D]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ IqSpXÂ
hnfhv e`n¡psa¶Xn\m IÀjIÀ AXn\p
]ndtI t]mbn. IrjnbnS¯n Xs¶ e`yambn
cp¶ NmWIw, B«n³ ImjvTw, ]¨neIÄ F¶o
hf§Ä Dt]£n¡s¸«p. tKmaq{X¯n \n¶pÅ
IoS\min\nbpw Bcpw DXv]mZn¸n¡msXbmbn.
IÀjIÀ ]Sn]Snbmbn cmkhf Irjnbnte¡v
amdn. a®nsâ ^e`pbnãn \ãamIm³ XpS§n.
hnfhv IqSpXembncps¶¦nepw DXv]mZ\ Nnehpw
IqSn. CXp ImcWw em`hpw hepXmbn IqSnbnÃ.
"ImemhØm hyXnbm\w, agbpsS e`yX
¡pdhv, cmkhf {]tbmKw F¶nh hnfhv Ipdbm
³ ImcWambn. F®anÃpIÄ Hmtcm¶mbn ]q«m³
XpS§n. AtXkab¯mWv kqcyIm´n F®bpw
]mtambnepw It¼mf¯nse¯m³ XpS§nbXv.
Nne IÀjIÀ Cu F®¡pcp¡Ä Irjn sN¿m³
XpS§n. \ne¡Se F®bpsS It¼mfw XIÀ¶p',
NÃs¡scbn F®an \S¯nbncp¶ _kh
cmPp ]dbp¶p. Bbnc¡W¡n\v t]À¡v Cu
anÃpIÄ sXmgn \ÂInbncp¶p. [mcmfw IÀj
IÀ AhcpsS D]Poh\¯n\v thn Cu anÃp
Isf B{ibn¨ncp¶p. GXmv 12,000 t]À Cu
anÃpIfn ]¯v hÀj¯n tPmen sNbvXncp¶p
F¶mWv IW¡v. "Cu anÃpIfn tPmen sNbvXn
cp¶hÀ sXmgn tXSn \Kc§fnte¡v tNt¡dn.
\ne¡Se IÀjIcpsS F®hpw Ipdªp', apXnÀ
¶ ]{X{]hÀ¯I\mb Pn. Fkv. DÖn\¸ ]dbp
¶p.
\ne¡Se ssPhIrjn ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw hnfhv Ipdª
Xpw IoS§Ä IqSpIbpw Hs¡ sNbvXn«pw Nne
IÀjIÀ \ne¡Se Irjn \ndp¯nbnÃ. a®nsâ
ASn¯«nse CuÀ¸w \ne\ndp¯Wsa¶v imkv{X
ÚÀ ]dªXv t]msebpÅ amÀK§Ä kzoIcn
¨v Ipdª Nnehn AhÀ Ct¸mgpw Irjn XpS
cp¶p.
NÃs¡sc Xmeq¡nse knt±izc\ZpÀK
{Kma¯nse iin[À A¡q«¯nÂs¸Sp¶p. {]Ir
Xnbv¡nW§nb CS¡rjn coXnbmWv iin[À
]n´pScp¶Xv. "Rm³ \qdp iXam\w ssPh¡rjn
coXnbà ]n´pScp¶Xv. F¶m Gähpw Ipdª
coXnbn cmkhfhpw aäp hf§Ä IqSpXÂ
D]tbmKn¨pamWv Irjn sN¿p¶Xv. IoS\min\n
D]tbmKn¡mdnÃ. Ignª ap¸Xv hÀjambn Cu
coXnbmWv Rm³ ]n´pScp¶Xv. \hWbpw Xphc
]cn¸pw FÅpw CS¡rjnbmbn hfÀ¯p¶p’, iin[dnsâ hm¡pIÄ.
iin[dn\pw ktlmZc³ {io[dn\pw 36
G¡À Irjn Øew ]mc¼cyambn e`n¨n«pv.
CXn ]IpXn Øe¯v tXm«¡rjn sN¿p¶p.
_m¡n Øe¯v `£yhnfIÄ DXv¸mZn¸n¡p¶p.
\mWyhnfbmbn«mWv \ne¡Se Irjn sN¿p¶Xv.
Cu ]mS¯v tNmfhpw hfÀ¯p¶pv. iin[dnsâ
Irjn Øe v hr£§Ä [mcmfambn ImWmw.
Chbpw sshhn[yam˦ hnfIfpw tN˦mWv Cu
IrjnbnSs¯ ssPhk¼¶am¡p¶Xv. CXv {]Ir
XnbpsS k´penXmhØ \ne\ndp¯m³ klmbn
¡p¶p. Cu A´co£w \ne¡Se Irjnsb
]tcm£ambn klmbn¡p¶pv. IoS§fpsSbpw
hnf tcmK§fpsSbpw B{IaWw hfsc Ipdt¨
bpÅq.
"ag e`yXbnse hyXymkw R§sf Imcy
ambn _m[n¨n«nÃ. a®v hf¡qdpÅXn\m hnf
21
IÄ¡v PeZuÀe`yw t\cntSn h¶n«nÃ. Pew
e`n¨m Ipd¨v sshInbmepw hnfIÄ \ne
\n¡pw. sshhn[yamÀ¶ Hcp BhmkhyhØ
\ne\ndp¯p¶Xnsâ ^eamWnXv, {io[À kt´m
jt¯msS ]dbp¶p. "ag e`n¡p¶Xv IÀjI\v
IrXyambn IW¡q¡q«m³ Ignªm \ne¡Se
hnPbIcambn Irjn sN¿m³ Ignbpw. agbv¡
\pkcn¨v hn¯v hnX¨m IoS§Ä Ipdªncn
¡pw’, aäp IÀjItcmSpÅ {io[dnsâ D]tZiw.
sshhn[yw ]ca {][m\w IrjnbnSw sshhn[y§fmb kky§fp
sSbpw PohnIfpsSbpw IqSn hmkØeamWv.
]£nIÄ¡pw {]mWnIÄ¡pw AXv CSamIWw.
F¦nte AXp ]qÀWamb Hcp IrjnbnSamIq.
iin[dnsâbpw {io[dnsâbpw t\«w C¯csamcp
IrjnbnSamWv. ChcpsS IrjnbnS¯n ]£nI
Ä¡v, \ne¡Se ]mS¯nsâ ASp¯mbn, am{Xam
bn tNmfw hfÀ¯p¶ Hcp Øeapv. ]£nIÄ
\ne¡Se sNSnbnse IoS§sf Cãw t]mse
`£n¨v Ahbv¡v \¶mbn hfcm\pÅ kmlNcyw
Hcp¡p¶p.
CS¡rjn coXn IoS§sf Ipdbv¡m\pw
klmbn¡p¶p. a®nse Pemwiw \ÃXmsW¦nÂ
ag Ipdªmepw hnfIÄ¡v Ipg¸apmInÃ. iin
[À-- {io[À ktlmZc§fpsS IrjnbnS¯n 150
]pfn ac§fpv. DjvWtaJem ^ehr£§fpw
[mcmfambn ImWmw. CSXqÀ¶ CeIfpÅ ac§
fpw DÅXn\m hfhpamIpw. \ãw kw`hn¡m¯
Irjn coXnbmWv CS¡rjn. {][m\ hnfhv Ipd
ªmepw CShnfIfn \n¶v em`apm¡mw.
Irjnbpw I¶pImen hfÀ¯epw ]ckv]
cw klmbIcamWv. Irjn¡mhiyamb hfw Nm
WI¯n \nt¶m B«n³ ImjvT¯n \nt¶m D-
m¡mw. I¶pImen hfÀ¯epw Irjnbpw X½n
se Cu imkv{Xob coXnbpw iin[À-- {io[À
ktlmZc§Ä ]n´pSÀ¶v t]mcp¶pv. 19 I¶p
ImenIfpsS Iq«apv ChÀ¡v. B«n³ ]äs¯
ChÀ IrjnbnS¯n tabm³ hnSpw. AhbpsS
ImjvT¯neqsS Bhiyamb hf¯n IqSpXepw
e`n¡pw. ]ckv]c]qcnXamb {]hÀ¯\§fneqsS
{]IrXnbpsS k´penXmhØ \ne\ndp¯m³ Ign
bpsa¶pw AXphgn hnPbIcambn \ne¡Se Ir
jn sN¿m\mIpsa¶pw ChÀ sXfnbn¡p¶p.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w Irjnsbbpw A
\p_Ôamb FÃm taJeIsfbpw _m[n¨n«pv.
CXn\nSbnepw ImehØm hyXnbm\¯n\\pkcn
¨v IrjncoXn amäpIbpw AXphgn hnPbIcamb
coXnbn Irjn sN¿p¶hcpapv. C§s\bpÅ
IÀjIÀ aäp IÀjIÀ¡v amXrIbmWv. apgph³
Irjn coXnbpw CX\pkcn¨v amdpIbmsW¦nÂ
ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯n\pÅ anI¨ adpacp¶m
IpaXv.
Rama can be contacted at [email protected]
22
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnse ImÀjnI k¼Zv hyhØbn AXnsâ {]XymLmX§fpw Acp¬ s\Sps©gnb³
"temIs¯ FÃm `qJÞ§fnepw \S¯n
b imkv{Xob ]T\§fpsS ^ew sXfnhpIÄ
klnXw Dd¸n¡p¶Xv temIs¯ `qcn`mKw
kap{Z§fnepw AhbpsS {]IrXnZ¯amb LS\
bnepw ImemhØm hyXnbm\w aqew kmcamb
amä§fpmbn«ps¶mWv. `mhnbn CXp IpSn
shÅ £ma¯nte¡pw `£yhnfIfpsS DXv¸mZ
\w Ipdbp¶Xnte¡pw \bn¡pw. CXp aqew
C´y, ]mInØm³, _w¥mtZiv, ssN\ DĸsS
bpÅ Gjy³ cmPy§fn bp²w hsc s]m«n
¸pds¸t«¡mw'. (ImemhØm hyXnbm\s¯¡pdn
¨pÅ CâÀ Kh¬saâ ]m\Â).
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w aqew `qanbpsS
Xm]\ne Ignª ] v hÀj¯n\nsS 0.8 Un{Kn
skÂjykv hsc hÀ[n¨Xmbn imkv{Xobamb
]T\§Ä kqNn¸n¡p¶p. CXnsâ ^eambn
Gähpw henb Zzo]pIfmb {Koem³Unsebpw
AâmÀ«n¡bnsebpw HgpIn \S¡p¶ aªpae
IÄ hfsc thK¯n DcpInbnÃmXmbns¡mn
cn¡pIbmWv. Cu tXmXnemsW¦n `qanbpsS
Xm]\ne Cu \qämv Ahkm\n¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v
4 apX 6 iXam\w hsc hÀ²n¡m\nSbpv.
kap{Z\nc¸v H¶p apX cv aoäÀ hsc DbcpI
bmsW¦n Gjy³ cmPy§fmb hnbäv-\mw,
_w¥mtZiv aäv Zzo]v cmPy§Ä F¶nhnS§fnÂ
Xmakn¡p¶ 100 Zie£w P\§Ä KpcpXcamb
Zpc´§Ä t\cntSn hcpw. ImemhØ hyXn
bm\s¯¡pdn¨v ]T\w \S¯nb _lpcm{ã
kwLw kaÀ¸n¨ dnt¸mÀ«n ]dªncn¡p¶
Xnt\¡mÄ IqSpXembncn¡pw Ct¸mÄ kap{Z
\nc¸v IqSn hcp¶ tXmXv. A´co£¯nse Cu
hyXnbm\w aqew H¶nt\msSm¶v _Ôs¸«v
kw`hn¡p¶ ]e amä§fpw \nco£nt¡XmWv.
ImewsXän hcp¶ ag, ISp¯ hcĨ, shÅ
s¸m¡w, kap{Z \nc¸v Dbcp¶Xv, Npgen¡mäpIÄ,
aªpaeIÄ DcpIp¶Xv F¶nhbmWh. Chsbm
s¡ BtKmf Xm]\¯nsâ A\´c^eamsW¶
Xncn¨dnhv temI¯nsâ ]e tImWpIfnepw hf
sc thK¯n Dmbns¡mncn¡p¶p.
ap§n¡nS¡p¶ ]k^nIv Zzo]pIÄ apXÂ
Imivaocnepw aWn¸qcnepapmIp¶ shÅs¸m
¡w hsc B amä¯nsâ Xo{hX \ap¡v thK
¯n A\p`hn¡m³ Ignbpw. ]Snªmdv I{Xo\
bpw sX¡v lpZvlpZpw t]mse aps¼§panÃm¯
hn[apÅ I\¯ Npgen¡mäpw sImSp¦mäpw Poh
\pw kz¯n\pw h³ \mi\ãamWpm¡p¶Xv.
B{^n¡bnse Gähpw DbÀ¶ ]ÀÆX \ncbmb
Infna©mtcmhn \n¶v Ignª 90 hÀj¯n\nsS
am{Xw 80 iXam\w aªpw DcpInt¸mbn. Gähpw
\miw hnX¨ Zpc´§Ä 2010-emWv DmbsX¶v
ayqWn¡nse Hcp C³jzd³kv I¼\n {]Xn]mZn
¨n«pv. B hÀjw am{Xw ]m¡nØm\nepw Hmkv-
t{Senbbnepw djybnepw Dmb shÅs¸m¡
¯n 56,000 t]À acn¨p. Øncambn \nch[n
Poh\pIÄ \ãs¸SpIbpw BfpIÄ A`bmÀ°n
IfmhpIbpw `£y DXv¸¶w IpdbpIbpw Poh
t\m]m[n CÃmXmhpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv \½Ä t\cn
«v A\p`hn¡pIbmWv.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw AXpambn
_Ôs¸« \oXnbpw a\pjy³ {]IrXnbn \n¶pw AIep¶
Xnsâ Gähpw {]ISamb sXfnhmbn thWw
BtKmf Xm]\s¯ ImWm³. kmaqlnI Pohn
bmb a\pjy³ {]IrXnbpsS `mKambncp¶n«p
IqSn Hcn¡epw Xncn¨v hcm³ Ignbm¯ \mi
¯nsâ ]mXbnte¡v temIs¯ XÅn hn«p.
a\pjysâ {]hr¯nIÄ Zniamäm³ {ian¨Xnsâ
^eambn {]IrXnbn ]e hyXnbm\§fpapm
bn. hymhkmbnI hnIk\¯n\mbpÅ {]hÀ¯
\§Ä¡mbn h³tXmXnemWv hnIknX cmPy
§Ä A´co£¯nte¡v hnjhmXI§Ä Xpd
¶phnSp¶Xv. AXn\m BtKmf Xm]\¯nsâ
{][m\ D¯chmZnXzw hnIknX cmPy§fpsS
hymhkmbnI \b§Ä¡pw \nt£]¯n\pw Ahn
Sps¯ kÀ¡mcpIÄ¡pamWpÅXv. C´ybpw Im
emhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ cq£^e§Ä A\p`
hn¡p¶pv. XXv^eambn A´co£ Xm]\ne
DbÀ¶p. CXp kpµÀ_³ ImSpIfn amäapm
¡n, HdoÊbnse kap{Z \nc¸v DbÀ¶p, eUmIv
Xocs¯ aªpcpIn, lnamNÂ {]tZinse B¸nÄ
Irjnbn CSnhpmbn, IÀWmSIbn Irjn
¡\ptbmPyamb `qanbn Ipdhpmbn, _nlmÀ,
lcnbm\ t]mepÅ kwØm\§fn tKmX¼nsâ
hnfhn Ipdhpmbn. C´ybnse hS¡v Ing
¡³ taJebnse ImehÀj¯nsâ kz`mh¯n
epw KWyamb amäapmbn F¶Xpw {it²bam
Wv.
23
\½psS Ab cmPy§fmb _wKv-fmtZiv,
]m¡nØm³ F¶nhbpw C¯cw {]iv-\§Ä
t\cnSp¶pv. s]mXphmb Hcp A`n{]mb{]IS\w
\S¯pIbmsW¦n hnIkzc cmPy§fmWv Im
emhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ Zqjy^e§Ä IqSp
XÂ A\p`hn¡p¶sX¶v ]dbmw. BtKmf Xm]
\w temI¯v FÃmbnS¯pw Htc Xc¯neà kw`
hn¡p¶Xv. `qa[ytcJbpsS sX¡v `mKs¯ P\
§fmWv CXnsâ Zqjy^e§Ä IqSpXepw t\cnSp
¶Xv. CXp hnIknX hnIkzc cmPy§Ä¡nS
bnse {][m\ hnjbamWv. CXn\p cm{ãobam\
§fpv. kmaplnI \oXnbpw km¼¯nI Aka
Xzhpambn _Ôs¸«v InS¡p¶ H¶mWnXv. BtKm
fXm]\w Hcp k¦oÀWamb hnjbamWv. Imem
hØm \oXnbpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯nbpw kmaqln
I \oXn¡pÅ ASnØm\ am\ZÞambpw CXns\
ImtWXv AXy´mt]£nXamWv.
sXs¡bäs¯ kwØm\amb Xangv-\m«n
Â, {]tXyIn¨v AhnSps¯ hS¡v Ing¡³
PnÃbmb hnÃp]pcs¯ ImÀjnI k¼ZvLS\
bn ImemhØm hyXnbm\w Dm¡nb amä¯n
te¡v {i² £Wn¡pIbmWv Cu teJ\¯nsâ
{][m\ e£yw. ImemhØm hyXnbm\w aqew
Cu Pnà t\cnSp¶ ImehÀj¯nsâ KXnamähpw
icmicn Xm]\nebnse hyXymkhpamWv Cu
]T\¯n {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv (C´y³ Akv-t{Sm
Wnan¡Â dnkÀ¨v skâdnsâbpw Xangv\mSv kÀ
¡mcnsâbpw tcJIsf ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpÅ
Xv). AhnSps¯ IÀjIÀ¡v e`nt¡ Imem
hØm \oXnsb¡pdn¨v shfn¨w hoim³ Cu
]T\w {ian¡p¶p. "Indigenous knowledge about climate change: Validating the perceptions of dryland farmers in Tamil Nadu –Jayakumara Varadan & Pramod Kumar" F¶ hniIe\ dnt¸mÀ«n e`y
amb hnhc§sfbpw IqSn ASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbp
Å XmWv Cu ]T\w. BZyw ImemhØm hyXn
bm\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ imkv{Xobamb hniZoIcW
¯n \n¶v XpS§mw.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w- Hcp imkv{Xob
hniIe\w {]IrXn Ncn{Xa\pkcn¨v ImemhØm hy
Xnbm\w F¶m {]IrXnbnepmIp¶ kz`mhnI
amb amäw F¶mWÀ°w. Ncn{X¯nsâ ]e
L«¯nepw ImemhØbn ]e Gä¡pd¨nep
IÄ Dmbn«pnv. AsXmcn¡epw Htc coXnbnep
Å Hcp t\ÀtcJ Bbncp¶nÃ. GXmv 1,00,000
hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v sFkv bpK¯n an¡ bqtdm
]y³ cmPy§fpw cv IntemaoäÀ I\¯nÂ
aªm aqSs¸«hbmbncp¶p. kap{Z\nc¸v DbÀ
¶Xp aqew sFkv bpK¯nsâ Ahkm\t¯msS
hyXykvXamb coXnIfn `q]Sw amdpIbpmbn.
{]IrXnbnepmb kzm`mhnI amä¯n Atlanto-
saurus IÄ¡pw Mammoths- IÄ¡pw hwi\miw
kw`hn¨p. ]pcmhkvXp KthjWw Cu hkvXpX
ØncoIcn¨n«pv. F¶ment¸mÄ \mw km£yw
hln¡p¶ Cu hn\miw Ime{Ia¯n kzm`mhn
Iambn DmbXÃ. 21-þmw \qämn aqÀ[\ym
hØbnse¯nb Cu ]mcnØnXnI {]XnkÔn¡v
BZymhkm\ ImcWw a\pjycmWv. hymhkmbnI
bpK¯n {]mNo\ Imes¯ P´p/ kky§fpsS
Ahinã§fn \n¶pÅ CÔ\w AanXambn
I¯n¨Xv, aossY³, ImÀ_¬ XpS§nb hnj
hmXI§Ä A´co£¯n IqSpX ASnªp
IqSm³ ImcWambn. Cu coXobn hymhkmbnI
bpK¯n am{Xw GItZiw 200 Zie£w tImSn
S¬ hnjhmXI§Ä A´co£¯nte¡v Iq«n
t¨À¡s¸SpIbpmbn. C§s\ AanXambn ]n´
Ås¸« hnjhmXI§Ä am{XamWv ImemhØm
hyXnbm\¯nsâ Htcsbmcp ImcWw.
CtXmsS ]pd¯phcp¶ lcnXKrl hmXI
§Ä A´co£¯n IqSpXembn ASnbpIbpw
CtXmsS C¯cw lcnX heb§Ä kqcycivan
Isf AanXambn BKncWw sNbvXv Chsb `qan
bnte¡v Abbv¡m\pw XpS§n. Znhkw tXmdpw
`qanbnse icmicn Xm]\ne Dbcm³ CXnSbm¡p
I am{Xaà A´co£ Xm]\nebpsS k´penXmh
Øsb Xmfw sXän¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. aossY³
t]mepÅ hnjhmXI§Ä A´co£¯n anX
amb Afhnepw tXmXnepamsW¦n am{Xta `qan
bnse PohnXw km[yamIq.
sNmÆ, ho\kv XpS§nb {Kl§fn \n¶v
hyXykvXambn Xm]\ne AanXambnsæn am{X
ta `qanbnse PohnXw km[yamIq. A´co£¯n
se hnjhmXI§fpsS Afhv km[mcW tXmXn
epw A[nIamIpt¼mÄ IqSqXÂ NqSv `qanbnte¡v
{]hln¡pw. XXv^eambn ImemhØbn Akm
[mcWhpw \nc´chpamb amä§Ä¡v-, ImehÀj
¯nse hyXymkw, NqSv IqSp¶X,v XpS§nbhbv¡v
`qan km£yw hlnt¡n hcpw.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw Xangv-\mSpw
"BtKmf Xm]\¯nsâ ^eambpÅ Imem
hØm hyXnbm\w aqew C´ybpsS Xoc{]tZi§
fn Pohn¡p¶ 55 Zie£w BfpIÄ hensbmcp
Zpc´ `ojWnbnemWv’. Atacn¡ BØm\am¡n
bpÅ 'Climate Central' F¶ ]cnØnXn kwLS\
bpsS dnt¸mÀ«n ]dbp¶p. Ignª cc ]Xnäm-
mbn temIsa¼mSpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\
s¯¡pdn¨pÅ Kuchtadnb hmZ{]XnhmZ§Ä
\S¡p¶ kmlNcy¯nepw Xangv kaql¯nÂ
CtX¡pdn¨pÅ NÀ¨bpw t_m[hXvIcWhpw
hfsc sNdnb tXmXnemsW¶XmWv ZpxJIcamb
kXyw. Xangv\mSv D]Zzo]v AXnsâ AXnÀ¯nI
fm \nÀWbn¡s¸«XmWv. Ing¡v _wKmÄ DÄ
24
¡SÂ, ]Snªmdv ]ÝnaL«w, sX¡v C´y³
almkap{Zw, hS¡v Ing¡v B{Ôm{]tZiv, IÀWm
SI kwØm\§Ä. ]gthÀImSv XpS§n I\ymIp
amcn hsc \op InS¡p¶ Xangv\mSnsâ Ing¡³
Xoc¯nse AXnÀ¯n tcJ 1000 Intem aoädn\
Sp¯v hcpw. CSXqÀ¶ ]ÝnaL«amWv Xangv\mSn
s\bpw tIcfs¯bpw thÀXncn¡p¶ lcnX AXn
À¯n. ]ÝnaL«amWv Xangv\mSnsâ ssPhsshhn
[y¯nsâ hmkØm\w. ChnsS \n¶mWv Xanc
]cWn t]mepÅ \ZnIÄ DÛhn¡p¶Xv. "hÀ¯
am\Ime - Xangv\m«nse ImemhØm hyXnbm\w’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯neqsS {io. s]m³ [\tiJdm
Wv ssPhsshhn[y¯m k¼¶amb Xangv\mSn
s\ ImemhØm hyXnbm\w _m[n¨psh¶ hkv
XpX ap¶nte¡v h¨Xv. imkv{Xobhpw t\cn«v e`y
amb hnhc§fneqsSbpw Xangv\mSnsâ kmaqlnI
ØnXnsb ImemhØm hyXnbm\w F§s\, G
sXms¡ Xc¯n _m[n¨psh¶v efnXamb Xc
¯n At±lw hnhcn¨n«pv. Xangv-\m«n Imem
hØm hyXnbm\s¯¡pdn¨pÅ NÀ¨IÄ¡v XpS
¡anSm³ Cu ]pkvXI¯n\mbn.
am¶mdnSp¡v {]tZis¯ 21 Zzo]pIfnÂ
]qhci³]«n, hnf³KpkÅn F¶o cp Zzo]p
IÄ kap{Z \nc¸v DbÀ¶Xp aqew ap§nt¸mb
Xmbn B ]pkvXI¯n ]dbp¶p. kap{Z\nc¸v
CtX coXnbn DbÀ¶p sImncn¡pIbmsW
¦n Ahtijn¡p¶ 19 Zzo]pIÄ am{Xaà Ing¡
³ Xocs¯ ]gthÀImSv apXÂ I\ymIpamcn hsc
bpÅ {Kma§fpw ]«W§fpw \Kc§fpw Xpdap
J§fpsaÃmw KpcpXcamb Zpc´§Ä t\cntSn
hcpsa¶v At±lw Nqn¡m«p¶p. ImehÀj¯n
sâ KXnamäw a\pjysc am{Xaà aäp PohPme
§sfbpw _m[n¡p¶pv. CXn\pZmlcWambn
At±lw {i²£Wn¡p¶Xv \oeKncn ae\ncIfn
se tX\o¨IfpsS F®w Ipdbp¶Xnte¡mWv.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w aqew Xangv-\mSv
A`napJoIcn¡p¶ {]iv-\w CXp am{XaÃ. kw
Øm\¯nsâ 1,100 IntemaoäÀ hcp¶ IS¯oc
taJe cq£amb {]XnkÔn t\cnSpIbmWv. Aan
Xambn han¡s¸Sp¶ ImÀ_¬ ISÂ Pehpambn
Iecp¶psh¶XmWv H¶mas¯ {]iv-\w. CXp
ISÂPes¯ A¾mwiapÅXm¡n XoÀ¡p¶p. C
Xp ]hng¯n«Isfbpw Icn¼mbens\bpw _m[n
¡pIbpw Ah CÃmXmhpIbpw sN¿p¶p. CXp
]cnlcn¡m\mIm¯ hn\mi§Ä kap{Z¯nÂ
krãn¡p¶p. CXp Icn¼mb `£n¡p¶ AXn
kq£va PohnIfpsS \mi¯nte¡v hgnhbv¡p
¶p. AXnkq£va PohnIsf Xn¶p¶ aäv PohnI
fpsS \mi¯n\pw CXp ImcWamIp¶p. kap{Z
PohnIfpsS Blmc irwJebnse {][m\ I®n
CÃmXmhpIbpw IS k¼¯v \in¨v On¶`n¶
amhpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
ImemhØ hyXnbm\hpw ImehÀj e`y
Xbnse amähpw Xangv-\m«nse 13 Zie£w slÎÀ `q{]tZi
¯n 7 Zie£w slÎÀ Irjn¡mbn D]tbmKn
¡p¶p. CXn 55 iXam\¯nepw PetkN\
kuIcyapv, _m¡nbpÅh agsb B{ibn¡p
¶p. `qKÀ`imkv{Xs¯ ASnØm\am¡n Xangv-
\m«nse Irjn`qansb Ggmbn XcwXncn¡mw:
hS¡v Ing¡³, hS¡v ]Snªmd³, ]Snªmd³,
sUÂä, Ing¡³, IqSpXÂ ag e`n¡p¶Xv, ]À
ÆX {]tZiw F¶n§s\bmWXv. IqSqXepw sX¡v
]Snªmd³ (Pq¬ apXÂ sk]vXw_À hsc)
hS¡v Ing¡³ (HtÎm_À apXÂ Unkw_À
hsc) ImehÀj§sf B{ibn¨mWv Xangv\mSn
sâ ImÀjnI k¼ZvhyhØ \ne\n¡p¶Xv.
C¡me§fnse ag shÅw UmapIfnepw I\mep
Ifnepw aäpw tiJcn¨mWv Irjn¡mbpw IpSn
shÅambpw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. {][m\ \ZnIfmb
Imthcn, Xancm]cWn, s]ss®bmdv F¶nh kw
Øm\¯nsâ ImÀjnI k¼ZvhyhØbn \nÀ
WmbI ]¦v hln¡p¶p. AXpt]mse Xs¶ sN
¼Sw_Iw, ]qn, ]pg F¶o henb XSmI§Ä
sNss¶ \Kc¯nsâ IpSnshÅmhiyw \ndth
äp¶p.
25
Hcp hÀjw Xangv-\m«n icmicn 958 anÃn
aoäÀ ag e`n¡p¶p. CXn 31 iXam\w sX¡v
]Snªmd³ ImehÀj¯n \n¶pw 50 iXam\w
hS¡v Ing¡³ ImehÀj¯n \n¶pamWv. CXn
 75 iXam\w Xangv-\mSnsâ Xoc{]tZi¯pw _m
¡n DÄ{]tZi¯pamWv e`n¡p¶Xv. ImehÀj
s¯ agbpsS Afhnepw Xm]\nebnepw Imemh
Øm hyXnbm\w aqew hyXymkapmbn«pv.
{]tXyIn¨pw IÀjIscbmWv CXp _m[n¨ncn¡p
¶Xv. t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨Xp t]mse Xangv-\m«nÂ
ag F¯n¡p¶Xv sX¡v ]Snªmd³- hS¡v Ing
¡³ ImehÀj ImäpIfmWv. CXp kwØm\¯n
sâ k¼Zv hyhØbn \nÀWmbIhpamWv. C
tX¡pdn¨pÅ kwibw, Ignª Iptd hÀj§
fn ImehÀjw ]cmPbs¸Sp¶Xpw ImemhØm
hyXnbm\hpw X½nepÅ _Ôw [\tiJÀ Xsâ
'The Present' (hÀ¯am\Imew) F¶ ]pkvI¯n
eqsS hyàam¡nbn«pv.
Cu ]pkv-I¯nsâ 'Failing Monsoon Rainfall – Will the Severe Drought Continue?' (ImehÀj¯n
sâ ]cmPbw ISp¯ th\Â XpScptam?) F¶
teJ\¯n At±lw ag e`yXbpsS tXmXv Ipd
bp¶Xv Nqn¡m«pIbpw `mhnbn AhØ
tamiamIm³ km[yXbps¶v ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂIp
Ibpw sN¿p¶p. At±lw Cu \nco£Ww \S¯m
³ A®m kÀÆIem imebnse Hcp ]T\¯nsâ
^ew D]tbmKn¡p¶pv. DZmlcW¯n\v 2010þ
40 ImeL«¯n age`yXbn 9 iXam\hpw 2040--
þ2070 Â 14 iXam\hpw IpdhpmIpsa¶v At±
lw \nco£n¡p¶p. ImehÀj¯nsâ KXnamäw
aqew Dmtb¡mhp¶ KpcpXcamb {]XymLmX
§sf¡pdn¨v \½psS {i² £Wn¡pIbmWv
At±lw. hS¡v Ing¡³ ImehÀjw Xangv\mSn
sâ Xoc{]tZi¯v IqSpXepw {KmaoW taJebnÂ
IpdhpamWv e`n¡p¶sX¶v ]T\§Ä sXfnbn¨n
«pv. {KmaoW taJebn e`n¡p¶ age`yX 25
iXam\w Ipdbp¶psh¶mWv CXn\À°w. AXp
t]mse Xangv-\mSnsâ hS¡³ {]tZi§fnemWv
km[mcWbmbn sX¡³ taJetb¡mÄ IqSpXÂ
ag e`n¡p¶Xv. A®masse F¶ hnZKv²³ A]
{KYn¨ncn¡p¶Xv 1951 apXÂ 2008 hscbpÅ Ime
L«saSp¯pÅ ]T\¯n icmicn Xm]\nebn
 0.8 iXam\w hÀ[\hpmbn F¶mWv.
hnÃp]pcw PnÃbn ImemhØm hyXn
bm\¯nsâ BLmXs¯¡pdn¨pÅ ]T
\w IrjnsbbmWv ImemhØm hyXnbm\w
BZyw _m[n¡p¶Xv. hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnse P\
§Ä AhnsS \S¯nb \nco£W¯n \n¶v
Xangv\mSnsâ hnhn[ `mK§fn ImemhØm
hyXnbm\w Irjnbn hcp¯nb amäw ØncoIcn
¨n«pv. 1993-Â ]gbIme sX¡³ AÀt¡m«v PnÃ
bn \n¶v thÀs]«mWv hnÃp]pcw PnÃbpmb
Xv. Ing¡pw sX¡pw IqVÃqcpw ]Snªmdv tkew,
[À½]pcn PnÃIfpw hS¡v Xncph®masse, Im
©o]pcw PnÃIfpamWv hnÃp]pcw PnÃbpsS AXn
À¯nIÄ. aWn ap¯cp, tIUnepw, sImapIn, i¦
c]mWn, tk©n, s]ss® F¶nhbmWv Cu PnÃ
bneqsS HgpIp¶ {][m\ \ZnIÄ. s\Ãv, \ne¡S
e, Icn¼v F¶nhbmWv Irjn sN¿p¶ {][m\
hnfIÄ.
PnÃbpsS sam¯w hnkvXoÀWw (N.Inao.)
7222
Xmeq¡pIÄ 7
]©mb¯pIÄ 1104
hntÃPpIÄ 1490
P\kwJy (2001-se sk³kkv {]Imcw)
29,60,373
]pcpj·mÀ 14,92,442
kv{XoIÄ 14,67,931
h\{]tZiw (N. In.ao) 717
Irjn{]tZiw (N. In.ao) 3,894
icmicn hmÀjnI age`yX (an.an) 1,119
hnÃp-]pcw PnÃ-bnse Imem-hØ
sX¡v ]Sn-ªm-d³, hS¡v Ing-¡³ Ime-
hÀj-¡m-e¯v hnÃp-]pcw PnÃ-bn hym-]-I-amb
ag e`n-¡p-I-bp-m-bn. Cu PnÃ-bn hmÀjnI
icm-icn ag e`-yX 1119 anÃo-ao-ä-dm-Wv. amÀ¨v, sabv
amk-§Ä¡n-S-bn Chn-Sps¯ Xm]-\ne 21 Un{Kn
skÂj-ykv hsc-bm-Wv. Chn-Sps¯ a®v Nph¶
Nc a®m-Wv. hnÃp-]p-cs¯ kmaq-lnI km¼¯n
I LS-I-§sf kqNn- n-¡p¶ ]«n-I-bmWv Xmsg. ]cn-K-Wn¨ Bfp-I-fpsS F®w 100 IÀj-I-cpsS icm-icn {]mbw 57 Irjn-bnse icm-icn {]hr¯n ]cn-Nbw
(hÀjw) 35
Hmtcm IpSpw-_- n-sebpw AwK-§-fpsS
F®w 4.7
Pe-tk-N\ kuI-cyw (-i-X-am-\w) 92 Irjn AÃmsX aäv ]Wn-IÄ sN¿p-¶-hÀ 39 km£-cÀ 64 \nc-£-cÀ 36 {]mY-anI hnZ-ym- -ymkw e`n- n-«p-Å-hÀ 28 AXn\pw tase hnZ-ym- -ymkw e`n-¨n-«p-Å-
hÀ 29
_ncp-Z[m-cn-IÄ 7
26
km¼¯nI, hnZym`ymk, BtcmKy taJe
Ifn ]n¶m¡w \n¡p¶ PnÃbmWv hnÃp]pcw.
apIfnse ]«nIbn \n¶v AXp hyàamWv. \qdn
 Ggv t]À am{XamWv _ncpZ[mcnIÄ. 100- 36
t]cpw \nc£ccmWv. Cu ]n¶m¡mhØbn Im
emhØm hyXnbm\w aqew Irjnbpw \ã¯nem
Ipt¼mÄ P\§fpsS {]tXyIn¨v IÀjIcpsS A
hØ IqSpX Iã¯nemIpw. Xm]\nebnse hy
Xymkw Irjnsb AhXmf¯nem¡pw. bmsXmcp
kmaqlnI kpc£bpw CÃmsX XpÑamb hcpam\
¯n Pohnt¡n hcpt¼mÄ ImehÀjw e`n
¡m¯Xnt\mSpw hcĨtbmSpw s]mcp¯s¸Sm³
P\§Ä \nÀ_ÔnXcmIpw.
CtX¡pdn¨v 'Crop Insurance to Suit Climates and to Adapt to Climate Change', (ImemhØbv¡v
tbmPn¨Xpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpambn CW
§n tNcm\pw hnf C³jzd³kv) Fs¶mcp ka{K
amb ]T\apv. Xangv-\m«nepS\ofw ImÀjnI
k¼ZvhyhØbn ImemhØm hyXnbm\apm
¡nb {]XyLmXw Cu ]T\w A]{KYn¨ncp¶p.
PetkN\ kuIcyapÅ sam¯w `qan, hnfhv,
sX¡v ]Snªmd³, -hS¡v Ing¡³ ImehÀj
kab§fn age`yXbpsS tXmXnepmb amäw
F¶nh ASnØm\am¡n Bbncp¶p Cu ]T\w.
81 iXam\w IÀjIcpw ImehÀjw e`n¡m¯Xn
sâ tZmj^e§Ä t\cnSp¶Xmbn Cu ]T\
dnt¸mÀ«n ]dbp¶p. \ZoapJ {]tZit¯¡mÄ
PnÃbpsS hS¡v Ing¡³ taJebnemWv {]Xym
LmXw IqSpXse¶pw Cu dnt¸mÀ«v Nqn¡m«p
¶p. hnf\mihpw Pet{kmXkpIfpsS ZuÀe`y
hpw IÀjIsc F§s\ _m[n¨psh¶Xpw Cu
]T\¯n hyàam¡p¶pv.
hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnse IÅ¡pdn¨n, tk©n
(Pn³Po), kn¶, tkew Xmeq¡pIfnse
\qdne[nIw IÀjIcnemWv Cu ]T\w \S¯nbXv.
C´y³ Akv-t{SmWan¡Â skâdnsâ tUäbpsS
bpw IÀjIÀ¡nSbn t\cs¯ \S¯nb ]T\
hnhc§fpsSbpw ASnØm\¯n ImemhØm
hyXnbm\w krãn¡p¶ {]XnkÔnsb¡pdn¨pw
B amähpambn CW§nt¨cm\pÅ amÀ¤§sf¡p
dn¨pambncp¶p ]T\w.
hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnse IÀjIcpsS Imcy
saSp¯m AhcpsS {]mbhpw Irjnbnse ]cnN
b k¼¯pw Gd¡psd Xpeyambncn¡pw. _meyw
apXÂs¡bpÅ AhcpsS A\p`hk¼¯neqsS
ImehÀj hyXnbm\s¯¡pdns¨ms¡ AhÀ A
dnhv BÀÖn¨n«pv. hnZym`ymkw t\Snb IÀjI
À¡mIs« imkv{Xobhpw kmt¦XnIhpamb ]cn
Úm\hpapv. Cu {]tZis¯ ]e BfpIfpw
almßKmÔn sXmgnepd¸v ]²XnbpsS IognÂ
sXmgnseSp¡m³ t]mIp¶hcmWv. P\kwJybnÂ
aq¶nsem¶n\v hnZym`ymkw e`n¡pItbm AXp
XpScm³ km[n¡pItbm sNbvXn«nÃ. 60 iXam\w
IÀjIcpw I¶pImenIsf hfÀ¯p¶pv. InW
dp hgnbpÅ PetkN\s¯ am{XamWv 92 iXam
\hpw B{ibn¡p¶Xv.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w ImehÀj e`yX
bn hcp¯nb amäs¯¡pdn¨v IÀjIÀ¡nSbn
 \S¯nb kÀthbn Xmsg ]dbp¶ hnhc§
fmWv e`n¨Xv.
ImehÀj e`yXbn IpdhpmbXmbn
40 iXam\w IÀjIcpw A`n{]mbs¸«p. ag XpS
§p¶Xv sshInbmsW¶v 38 iXam\w t]À ]d
ªp. icmicn Xm]\ne hÀ[n¡p¶Xmbpw Ime
hÀjw {]hNn¡m³ Ignbm¯ Xc¯n amdp¶
Xmbpw 36 iXam\w t]À A`n{]mbs¸«p. NqSpImäv
ImcWw 7 iXam\w t]cpw 6 iXam\w t]À ià
amb Npgen¡mäv aqehpw ag e`yXbpsS tXmXv
IpdªXmbn A`n{]mbs¸«p.
B{^n¡bntebpw lnameb¯nsâ Ing¡
³ taJebnsebpw P\§fn \n¶v tiJcn¨
hnhc§fpambn hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnse IÀjIÀ
]dª hnhc§fpw AhcpsS \nco£W§fpw
Gd¡psd s]mcp¯s¸Sp¶psh¶Xv {it²bamb
ImcyamWv. IÀjIÀ \ÂInb hnhc§fpw C´y
³ Akv-t{SmWan¡Â skâdn \n¶v e`yamb
hnhc§fpw h¨v Xmsg ]dbp¶ A\pam\§fnÂ
F¯nt¨cmw.
1994 apX 2011 hscbpÅ hnhc§Ä ]Tn
¨m th\¡mes¯ icmicn Xm]\ne Dbcp
¶Xmbn ImWmw. 1994þ--95 apXÂ 2009þ--10 hscbpÅ
hÀj§fn hS¡v Ing¡³ ImehÀjw {Iaw
sXänbXmbncp¶p. 2003þ--04 apXÂ sX¡v ]Snªmd
³ ImehÀjw IpdbpIbmWv. 2005þ--06 apXÂ hS
¡v Ing¡³ ImehÀj¡mes¯ agbpsS tXmXv
Ipdªp sImncn¡p¶p.
27
IÀjIÀ F§s\bmWv Cu {]iv-\s¯
ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xv Irjn XpScm\mbn ImemhØm amä¯n\v
A\ptbmPyamb coXnIÄ Is¯m³ IÀjIÀ
\nÀ_ÔnXcmbn. AXn\pw Ignªnsæn aäv
hcpam\ amÀ¤§sf¡pdn¨v Nn´n¡p¶ AhØ
bnemWhÀ. A¯c¯n IÀjIÀ kzoIcn¨ncn
¡p¶ kam´camÀ¤§sf¡pdn¨mWv Xmsg ]d
ªncn¡p¶Xv.
kam´c Irjn coXnIÄ iXam\w
1 \of¯n sNdpXppIfmbn Irjn`qansb hn`Pn¨v hnfIÄ amdn amdn Irjn sN¿pI
79
2 H¶nShn«v Hmtcm hnfIÄ Irjn sN¿pI
64
3 hf¯nsâ D]tbmKw Ipdbv¡pI
57
4 Irjn `qan Ipdbv¡pI 50
5 hcĨsb {]Xntcm[n¡m³ Ignbp¶ hnfIÄ Irjn sN¿pI
34
6 Pe hn\ntbmK¯n\v kam´c kwhn[m\§Ä Ip]nSn¡pI
22
IÀjIÀ aäp hcpam\ amÀ¤§Ä Is¯p¶
hn[amWv Xmgs¯ ]«nIbn ]dªncn¡p¶Xv.
hcpam\w Is¯p¶ amÀ¤§Ä
iXam\w
1 ]enibv¡v ]Ww ISsaSp¡pI
72
2 _Ôp¡fn \n¶pw kplr¯p¡fn \n¶pw ]Ww ISw hm§pI
67
3 kÀ¡mÀ klmbw e`n¡p¶Xv
56
4 IrjnbÃm¯ aäv sXmgnepIÄ sN¿pI
43
5 hkvXphIIÄ hn¡pI 36
6 kzÀ®w ]Wbw hbv¡pI 35
7 hnf hmbv]sbSp¡pI 32
amähpambn CW§nt¨cm\pÅ {]mtbm
KnI _p²nap«pIÄ
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpambn tbmPn¡p
¶ coXnIÄ kzoIcn¡m³ IÀjIÀ sXmgnÂ]c
ambpw km¼¯nIambpw aäv amÀ¤§Ä kzoIcn
¡p¶ps¦nepw AXn\pÅ {]mtbmKnI _p²nap
«pIfpw IW¡nseSpt¡Xpv. aäv hnfIÄ Ir
jn sN¿p¶Xn\pw Xm]\ne, ImemhØ, Petk
N\ kuIcyw F¶nh icnbmbn htcXv AXym
hiyamWv. 86 iXam\w IÀjIcpw ]dbp¶Xv Pe
ZuÀe`yamWv Ahsc Gähpa[nIw _m[n¡p¶
sX¶mWv. CShn«v hnfIÄ amän ]co£Ww \S
¯nbhcn 64 iXam\w t\cnSp¶ {]iv-\w sXmgn
emfnIsf In«p¶nà F¶XmWv.
kmaqlnI-km¼¯nI LSI§fpw ]pXnb
amÀ¤§Ä tXSp¶Xn\v hnLmXambn \n¡p¶p
v. Irjnbn ZoÀLImes¯ ]cnNbapÅhÀ¡v
]pXnb kmlNcy§fpambn thK¯n s]mcp¯
s¸Sm³ km[n¡pw. F¶m ]pXpXeapd, Ahcp
sS {]mbhpw A\p`hk¼¯pw IpdhmbXpsIm
v, {]XnkÔn XcWw sN¿m³ IgnbmsX Irjn
Dt]£n¨v aäp sXmgnepIfnte¡v Xncnbp¶p. Im
emhØ, hyXnbm\w aqeapÅ ImehÀj¯nsâ
KXnamähpw Npgen¡mäpw t]mepÅ {]iv-\§fpw
]cnNb k¼¶cmb IÀjIÀ thK¯nemWv ]Tn
¡p¶Xv. ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ A\´c
^e§Ä Hmtcm Znhkhpw hnÃp]pcw PnÃbnÂ
s]mXphmbpw hS¡v Ing¡³ sUÂäbnsebpw
sX¡³ taJebnsebpw PnÃIfn {]tXyIn¨pw
cq£ambns¡mncn¡pIbmWv.
"Irjn am{XamWv bYmÀ° DXv¸mZ\£a
XbpÅXv' F¶v alm\mb Ihn XncphÅphÀ A
t±l¯nsâ IhnXIfnsem¶n ]dªn«pv. ]
t£ C¶s¯ hymhkmbnI bpK¯n t\sc
adn¨mWv. sXämb {KmaoW km¼¯nI \b§Ä
aqew C´ybnen¶v IÀjIÀ IqSnb tXmXn Ir
jn Dt]£n¨v aäp sXmgnepIÄ tXSpIbmWv. Ipd
ª hcpam\hpw A\nÝnX `mhnbpw aqew IÀj
Icn ]ecpw Irjn Dt]£n¡pIbmsW¶v ]T\
§Ä sXfnbn¨n«pv. CXns\m¸w ImemhØ
hyXnbm\w ImcWapÅ {]iv-\§Ä IqSn Bb
t¸mÄ C´y³ IÀjIcpsS AhØ IqSpXÂ
tamiamhpIbpw sNbvXp.
{]IrXnsb¡pdn¨v ChnsS {]Xn]mZn¨ ]T
\§Ä BtKmfXm]\¯nsâ A\´c ^e§Ä
{[ph{]tZi§fn am{XamWv A\p`hs¸Sp¶sX
¶ XXz§sf \ncmIcn¡p¶hbmWv. sFIycm{ã
k`bpsS LSI§Ä ImemhØm hyXnbm\ {]Xn
kÔnsb ssIImcyw sNbvXp sImÅpsa¶pw
B[p\nI imkv{Xob-kmt¦XnI hnImk§Ä Ch
bv¡v ]cnlmcamsW¶Xc¯nse hmZ§sfbpw
\½Ä Xffn¡ftbXpv. C¯cw hmZ§Ä
\nehnse {]XnkÔnsb KuchXcambn ImWm
\pw {]mtbmKnI ]cnlmc§Ä Is¯p¶Xn\pw
XSÊamIpw. ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw ImehÀ
j¯nsâ KXnamähpw hcĨbpw Npgen¡mäpw
Hs¡ ]ckv]cw _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶psh¶v ASnhc
bnSp¶ ]e ]T\§fpapv. AtXkabw sam¯
¯nepÅ ]mcnØnXnI {]XnkÔnbnse Hcp LS
Iw am{XamWv ImemhØm hyXnbm\sa¶ hkv
XpXbpw \½Ä IW¡nseSpt¡Xpv. tÌm¡v-
28
tlmw dosske³kv skâdnse imkv{XÚÀ Nq-
n¡m«nbXp t]mse \½Ä ‘H¼Xv {Kl AXnÀ
¯nIÄ' apdn¨p IS¡pItbm IS¡m³ Hcp§pI
tbm sN¿p¶p. ImemhØm hyXnbm\w, ISÂ
A¾abamIp¶Xv, Hmtkm¬ ]mfn Npcp§p¶Xv,
ssPh-cmk AXnÀ¯nIÄ \in¡p¶Xv, BtKmf
ip²Pe D]t`mKw, `qan D]tbmK¯nse hyXym
kw, `utam]cnXe¯n PohPme§Ä hkn¡p
¶ `mKw Npcp§p¶Xv, A´co£¯nse [qfn
tXmXv IqSp¶Xv, cmkaen\oIcWw IqSp¶Xv F
¶nhbmWXv. `qanbpsS AXnÀ¯nbnse C¯cw
hnÅepIÄ sam¯¯nse ]mcnØnXnI {]Xnk
Ôn¡v B¡w Iq«p¶papv.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\w krãn¡p¶ {]iv-
\§Ä cmPy§Ä¡nSbnepw PnÃIÄ¡nSbnepw
P\§Ä IpSntbdp¶Xnsâ tXmXv IW¡nseSp
¡pt¼mÄ IqSpXepw Hcp kmaqlnI {]XnkÔn
Bbn«mWv a\Ênemt¡Xv. ImemhØm \oXn
bmWv \½psS IÀjIÀ¡v thXv. C¯cw km
lNcy¯n Xangv-\mSv kÀ¡mÀ IÀjIÀ¡v aXn
bmb km¼¯nI klmbhpw ]n´pWbpw \Â
tIXpv. hn¯pw hfhpw hne Ipd¨v \ÂIpI,
hnf hmbv]IÄ FgpXn¯ÅpI, hnfIÄ¡v \Ã
hne Dd¸v hcp¯pI, Ipdª ]enibv¡v kzÀ®
hmbv] \ÂIpI, [m\y§Ä tiJcn¡m³ kwhn
[m\samcp¡pI XpS§nb Imcy§Ä kÀ¡mÀ
sNt¿XmWv. C¯cw Imcy§Ä¡v ap³KW\
\ÂIn IÀjIsc kwc£n¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ X¿mdm
IWw. H¸w {KmaoW km¼¯nI \b§Ä¡v Du
¶Â \ÂIpIbpw thWw.
Bibliography 1. http://climate.nasa.gov/news/649/ 2. http://www.ncdo.nl/artikel/climate-change-its-impacts-bangladesh 3. http://www.livescience.com/10938-biggest-natural-disasters-2010.html 4. http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/science/causes.html 5. http://www.climatecetnral.org/news/sea-levels-rise-20-feet-19211
6. Sustainbale agriculture,chapter-5,Tamil Nadu State Action Plan for Climate Change 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viluppuram_ditsrict 8. Distcrict Grounndwater Broucher,Villuppuram Ditsrict,TamilNadu 9. Indigenous knowledge aboout climate change:ValidaAng the percepAons of dryland farmers in tamilnadu –Jayakumara varadan & Pramod kumar
Arun can be contacted at [email protected]
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§p¶ PeamWv a®ScpIfn kw`cn¡s¸Sp¶Xv.
]n¶oSv `qKÀ` Pe¯nsâ KXn \nb{´n¡p¶Xn
33 Bdm-«p-]m-dsb J\-\- n \n¶pw kwc-£n-¡Ww F¶m-h-i-y-s¸«v F³.-F-kv.-F-kv. kwL-Sn- n¨ {]Xn-tj[w
epw ]mdIÄ ]¦v hln¡p¶pv. XmcXtay\ DbÀ
¶ {]tZi§fn \n¶v Xmgv¶nS§fnte¡v sh
Åw HgpIpw F¶Xv tIhebpànbmsW¦nepw
\mw ImWp¶ cq]¯n ]mdIÄ kÖoIcn¡s¸
«n«nÃmbncp¶psh¦n `qKÀ`Pe¯nsâ Hgp¡v D-
mIpambncp¶nÃ. th\¡me¯v {]mtZinI \o
ÀtNmeIfpsS Hgp¡ns\ ipjv-¡n¨v t]mImsX k
Poham¡p¶Xn ]mdIÄ¡v taepÅ h\kky
taem¸pw th\Â agbpw hln¡p¶ ]¦v A\ntj
[yamWv. Icn¼mdIfpsS D¨nbn \n¶v th\en
epw agbnepw Htc t]mse In\nªnd§nbncp¶
tNmeIfpsSbpw tXmSpIfpsSbpw \\hnemWv A
¼ehbense a®pw a\pjy\pw Pohsâ Xncn \o
«nbncp¶Xv. ag am{Xaà {]mtZinIamb aªv hogv
Ntbbpw XWpt¸dnb DbÀ¶ ]mdsI«pIÄ Dd¸v
hcp¯p¶pv. A¼ehb {]tZi¯n\v X\Xm
b Hcp ImemhØ cq]s¸Sp¯p¶Xnepw AXnsâ
kz`mh khntijXIsf \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xnepw A
Xn\mhiy\amb hnhn[ LSI§sf hnf¡n tNÀ
¡p¶ I®nbmbnhÀ¯n¡p¶Xpw Cu ]md kaq
lamWv. AXpsImmWv hb\mSnsâ s]mXpkz
`mh¯n \n¶pw hyXykvXambn h\§fpw ac
¡q«§fpw XmcXtay\ Ipdª {]tZiambn«v Iq
Sn A¼ehben CuÀ¸w \ndª A´co£m
hØbpw {Iaamb agbpw aªpw anXamb NqSpw
IeÀ¶ ImemhØbpw e`yamIp¶Xv.
a\pjymhØIÄ¡v A\pIqeamb kml
Ncy§fmWnh. AXpsImv Xs¶ Ncn{Xmt\zjn
IÄ FS¡Â Kplbpw FS¡ent\mSv Gsd ASp
¯ A¼ehbense ]mdkaql§fpsS Xmgvhmc
§fpw {]mNo\ a\pjycpsS BhmkØm\§fm
bn tcJs¸Sp¯p¶XnÂ3 A`v`pXs¸Sms\m¶panÃ.
A¼ehbense Bdm«p]mdbn J\\w \S¡p¶
Xn\v FXnÀhi¯v Ct¸mgpw KplIfmbpw AdI
fmbpw ASbmf§Ä Ahtijn¡p¶pv. ASbm
f§sfm¶pw shdpsX Ahtijn¡p¶hbÃ. A
h \nc´cw NneXv HmÀ½s¸Sp¯p¶pv. Icn¼md
sI«pIfm aqSn Dujcsa¶v tXm¶pt¼mgpw Nfn
IeÀ¶v an\pkapÅ a®pw ]mdIÄ Npc¯p¶
tNmeIfpw kz`mh¯n IrXyX ]peÀ¯p¶ ag
bpw {]mNo\ a\pjycpsS ImÀjnImhiy§sf
Afhn Ihnªv klmbn¨ncp¶XpsImmWv
A¼ehbense ]mds¡«pIfpsS Xmgv-hcIfnÂ
a\pjyPoh³ DS \o«n Fgpt¶äXv. ASp¯Im
ew hsc A¼ehben s\ÂIrjn kPohambn
\ne\n¶v t]m¶Xv A¯csamcp `qXIme¯nsâ
XpSÀ¨ IWs¡bmWv. Cu XpSÀ¨bv¡v AdpXnh
¶Xv ap³s]§panÃm¯ hn[w Ipd¨v hÀj§fm
bn A¼ehben A\p`hs¸Sp¶ ISp¯ Pe
£ma¯nsâ ^eambmWv. IrXyambn ]dªmÂ
J\\§Ä kIe ]cn[nIfpw ewLn¨v A¼ehb
ense ]mds¡«pIsf Xpc¶pw s]m«n¨pw ]mXmf
temIt¯¡pÅ s]cphgnIfpm¡n XpS§nbXn
\v tijw. Pohsâ km[yXIfpw Hcp {]tZi¯n
sâ ImemhØbpw X½n Cg]ncns¨Sp¡m\mIm
¯ _ÔamWpÅXv. AXäpt]mIp¶tXmsS kz
34 A¼-e-h-b-en am\w-ap«n \n¡p¶ Icn-¼m-d-tbmSv tNÀ¶v {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶ {IjÀ bqWnäv
Øambn Pohn¡m³ Ignbp¶ CS§fmWv CÃm
XmIp¶sX¶v A¼ehbensâ `qXIme¯nse
bpw hÀ¯am\Ime¯nsebpw hyXncnàamb A
\p`h§Ä km£ys¸Sp¯p¶p. A¼ehbenÂ
\S¡p¶ henb tXmXnepÅ J\\§fpsS BLm
X§sf \mw Afs¶Sp¡p¶Xv ]mdaSIÄ tI{µo
Icn¨n«pÅ A¼ehb taJebnse Nne {]tZi
§sf ap³\nÀ¯nbmWv. ssa\À an\d ImäKdn
bnÂs]Sp¶ ]mdaSIÄ Ah {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ sN
dnb Npäfhnse ImemhØsbbmWv kzm[o\n¡p
¶Xv. Hcp taJesb apgph\mbn ]cnKWn¡pt¼m
Ä aäp ]e LSI§fpsSbpw kzm[o\¯m a\
Ênem¡m³ Ignbm¯{Xbpw kq£vaamb (Micro Level) ImemhØ hyXnbm\§Ä¡mWv ]mdaSI
Ä ImcWamIp¶Xv. AXpsImmWv hensbmcp
taJebn ]c¶v InS¡p¶ J\\§Ä Imemh
Øbn sNep¯p¶ kzm[o\§sf a\Ênem¡p
¶Xn\v Nne ]cntOZ§sf B{ibnt¡nhcp
¶Xv4. A¼e hb taJebn Gähpw IqSpXÂ
IzmdnIfpÅ CS§fnsem¶mWv Ip¼tfcn. AXn
sâ ]cnWnX ^e§Ä Ip¼tfcn \nhmknIÄ
A\p`hn¡p¶papv. C\nsbmcn¡epw tISp]mSp
IÄ XoÀ¯v ]cnlcn¡m\mIm¯ hn[w Imemh
Øbnepmb hyXnbm\§fn PohXXmf§Ä
\ãs¸«v t]mIp¶Xns\ Ipdn¨pÅ thhemXnIfm
Wv AhÀ ]¦psh¡p¶Xv.
e¡pw eKm\panÃm¯ J\\§fpsS ^e
ambn BZyw A{]Xy£ambXv ]mdsI«pIfnÂ
\n¶pw DÛhn¨ncp¶ \oÀtNmeIfpw tXmSpIfp
amWv. Ip¼tfcnbnse P\§Ä Ime§fmbn Ir
jn¡pw aäp ssZ\wZn\mhiy§Ä¡pw D]tbmKn
¨ncp¶ Pet{kmXÊpIfmWv ]mdaSIfpsS {]hÀ
¯\w aqew CÃmsXbmbXv. ]mdaSIfnse ià
amb kv-t^mS\¯n KXnamdnbpw kv-t^mS\w aq
ew ]mdIfn hogp¶ hnÅepIfnte¡v In\nªn
d§nbpw ]mdaSIfnse Xs¶ amen\y§Ä sIm-
pw taÂa®v CSnªv hoWpsams¡bmWv \oÀ
tNmeIfpw tXmSpIfpw ]ctemIhmkw ]qInbXv.
]mds¡«pIfpsS D¨nbn Xs¶ Xpc¶v kvt^mS
I hkvXp¡Ä \nd¨v s]m«n¡p¶Xn\m ]e tNm
eIfpw XpS¡¯n Xs¶ CÃmXm¡s¸«p. Pe
tcJIÄ Htcm¶mbn ambvªnÃmsXbm¡p¶Xv h
cm\ncn¡p¶ AkzØXIfpsS kqN\IÄ am{X
ambncp¶psh¶v A[nIw sshImsX Xs¶ a\Ên
emIm³ XpS§n. {]tZis¯ agbpsS {]IrXnZ¯
{IaoIcW§Ä¡mWv Imcyamb amä§fpmbXv.
t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨Xv t]mse Ip¼tfcnbS¡w
A¼ehb taJebnse H«pan¡ {]tZis¯bpw
Pee`yX Dd¸v hcp¯p¶ {][m\ LSIw th\Â
agbmbncp¶p. CSapdnªpw AÃmsXbpw {]tZi
¯pmbncp¶ Ipän¡mSpIfpw ]mdsI«pIÄ¡p
taepÅ kkytaem¸pw H¸w tNmeIfpw ImcW
amIp¶ _mjv]oIcW {]{InbbpsS ^eambn D-
mIp¶ \ocmhnbmWv th\Â agtaL§fmbn
cq]w sImncp¶Xv. C§s\ cq]w sImÅp¶ ag
35
taL§sf hln¨psImv t]mIm³ A\phZn¡m
sX Imäns\ XSªv \nÀ¯n ag s]¿n¨ncp¶Xv
{]tZis¯ DbÀ¶ ]mdsI«pIfmbncp¶p. J\\w
aqew ]mdsI«pIÄ¡v XeIÄ \ãs¸«v XpS§nb
tXmsS th\Â agbpsS Afhnepw kz`mh¯nepw
amä§fpmbn. ]mdaSIfpsS F®w s]cpIp¶Xn
\pw hyXykvX§fmb Icn¦Â DXv]¶ DXv]mZ\
bqWnäpIÄ ({IjÀ, Fwþkm³Uv) hÀ²n¡p¶Xn
\\pkcn¨pw _mjv]oIcW¯nsâ tXmXpw Ipd
ªv h¶p.
hb\m«nse ImemhØm hyXnbm\s¯¸
än CXn\Iw Hcp]mSv ]T\§Ä Dmbn«pvv. hb
\m«nse dqd GP³kn t^mÀ tkmjy Bâv
sSIv-t\mfPn¡Â B£\pw _m¥qcnse ]»n¡v
A^tbgv-kv skâdpw IqSn \S¯nb ]T\w5 CXn
 {it²bamWv. C´ybnse aäv {Kma§sf t]m
se Xs¶ hb\mSpw PohntXm]m[nIÄ¡p thn
AanXambn {]mtZinI ImemhØsb B{ibn¡p
¶ps¶pw AXpsImv Xs¶ ImemhØbnep-
mIp¶ hfsc sNdnb amä§Ä t]mepw {]Xy
£hpw ]tcm£hpamb kzm[o\§Ä hb\mSn
sâ ]mcnØnXnImhØIfnepw H¸w P\PohnX
¯nepw sNep¯p¶ps¶pw Cu ]T\w \nco£n
¡p¶pv. Ip¼tfcnbpsS Imcy¯n Cu \nco
£W¯n\v henb {]m[m\yapv. km[mcW
coXnbn A¼ehben e`yambncp¶ Pq¬ apX
 sk]väw_À hsc \op\n¡p¶ ImehÀj
s¯bpw HtÎm_À apXÂ \hw_À hscbpÅ
Ing¡³ ImehÀj¯ns\bpw ASnØm\s¸Sp
¯nbmWv Ip¼tfcnbnse IpSntbä IÀjIcpsS
bpw IÀjI sXmgnemfnIfpsSbpw PohnXmhØ
IÄ {IaoIcn¡s¸«ncp¶Xpw AhcpsS km¼¯n
Ihpw kmaqlyhpamb Bhiy§Ä \ndthäs¸«n
cp¶Xpw. ImehÀj¯n\pw Ing¡³ ImehÀj
¯n\pw kw`hn¨ hyXnbm\§Ä Ip¼tfcnbnse
ImÀjnI PohnXs¯ Xmdpamdm¡n. XmcXtay\
hcĨ A\p`hs¸Sp¶ hSt¡ hb\mSns\ A
t]£n¨v sXt¡ hb\m«n {]tXyIn¨v A¼e
hb taJeIfn XWp¸v A\p`hs¸Sp¶Xv
a®n Du¶n Dd¨v t]mb ]mds¡«pIsf ASn
Øm\s¸Sp¯nbpÅ `qan imkv{X]camb {]tXy
IXIfmemWv.
hb\mSv PnÃbpsS hnhn[ taJeIfnÂ
h\\ioIcWhpw DbÀ¶ tXmXnepÅ \nÀ½mW
§fpamWv hn\mi¯nsâ aqeImcWsa¦n Ip
¼tfcnbnteXv ]mdaSIfptSbpw J\\¯ntâbpw
cq]¯nemWv {]Xy£s¸Sp¶Xv. ]mdIsf Xpc
¶pw s]m«n¨pw s]mSnbm¡nbpw J\\ hyhkmb
§Ä Ip¼tfcnbn {]Xy£s¸Sp¶Xn\v ap¼pw,
kÀÆk¶ml§fpap]tbmKn¨v Izmdn am^nb {]
tZi¯v B[n]Xyw Ac¡n«pd¸n¡p¶Xphtcbpw
Ip¼tfcnbnse IÀjIcpsSbpw IÀjI sXmgnem
fnIfpsSbpw {][m\ hcpam\ amÀ¤§Ä s\ÂIr
jnbpw IpcpapfIpambncp¶p. CXmIs« {]mtZinI
ambn e`yamIp¶ ag, Pee`yX, aªv XpS§nb
LSI§sf ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n am{Xw \ne\nÂ
Hcp aWÂ \nÀamW bqWnäv
36
¡p¶hbmbncp¶p. F¶m {]tZi¯nsâ LS
\m]camb {]tXyIXIsf ]qÀ®ambn \in¸n¨n
ÃmsXbm¡pw hn[apÅ J\\w aqew agbpsS kz
`mh¯n kw`hn¨ amä¯n IpcpapfIpw s\Â
Irjnbpw Bi¦IfpWÀ¯p¶ tNmZyNnÓ§fm
bn amdn.
hfsc IrXyamb coXnbn s]¿pambncp
¶ Pq¬ apXÂ sk]väw_À hscbpÅ ImehÀ
jhpw XpSÀ¶pÅ Ing¡³ ImehÀjhpw J\\
s¯ XpSÀ¶v \mamhtijambn. ]Icw t\chpw
ImehpanÃmsX Ipd¨v kabtam Znhk§tfmfw
\ov \n¡p¶ AXniàamb I\¯ agbmbn.
IÀjIcpsS a\¡W¡pIfn IpSp§n¡nS¶ncp
¶ ag¡me§Ä AhcpsS Dul§fn \n¶pw
Iq«n¡ngn¡epIfn \n¶pw ]nSnsImSp¡msX sX
¶namdn. F¶n«v H«pw \n\¨ncn¡m¯ t\c v
Akpc`mh¯n BÀ¯e¨v s]¿m³ XpS§n.
CXmIs« Ip¼tfcnbnse kmlNcy§Ä¡v H«pw
`qjWambncp¶nÃ. {]IrXnZ¯ PetcJIsfÃmw
J\\¯n BZyta tXªpamªv t]mbncp¶Xn
\m P\hmk taJeIfnte¡v HgpInbnd§m³
]mXIfnÃmsX I\¯ agbneqsS e`yamb shÅw
D]tbmKanÃmsX ]md¡pgnIfn \ndªv sI«n
\n¶p. ag¡me§fpsS {Iaw sXäpIbpw s]¿p¶
ag Pemhiy§sf \ndthäm³ HcpXc¯nepw D]
tbmK{]ZaÃmXmhpIbpw sNbvXtXmsS ImehÀ
j¯nse ags]bv¯n\v A\pkrXambn sNbvXv
t]m¶ncp¶ s\ IrjnbpsS XpSÀ¨Ifäp. Pq¬
amk¯n am\w Idp v Ibdn s]bvXnd§pambn
cp¶ agbpsS Pe kar²nsb am{Xw B{ibn¨ncp
¶ \© Irjn ]msS \ne¨Xv IrXykab¯v ag
bnÃm¯Xn\mepw tNmeIfnse \oscmgp¡pIÄ
A{]Xy£ambXn\mepapmb Pe£ma¯mem
sW¶v {]mtZinI IÀjIcpw ]cnØnXn{]hÀ¯
Icpw km£ys¸Sp¯p¶pv.
IpcpapfIv IrjnbpsS Imcy¯nepw kw`
hn¨Xv asäm¶Ã. Pq¬ amk¯nse ag Bcw`n
¡pt¼mÄ \«p ]nSn¸n¡p¶ IpcpapfIv hÅnIÄ
ag kPohamIp¶tXmsS thcp]nSn¡pIbpw Pq
sse amk¯nse IÀ¡nSI ag I\¡p¶tXmsS D-
mIp¶ CuÀ¸hpw XWp¸pw \ndª Imemh
Øbn XncnbnSpIbpambncp¶p ]Xnhv. IÀ¡nS
I ag¡nsS ImehÀj¯n\pmIp¶ HcmgvNtbm
fw ssZÀLyapÅ agsbmgnhpIÄ CXn\\pIqeam
b kmlNcyhpambncp¶p. agapdnªtXmsS A\p
Iqeamb A´co£hpw ImemhØbpanÃmsX
IpcpapfIv Irjnbpw AhXmf¯nembn. Ip¼tfcn
bnse IpSntbä IÀjI IpSpw_§fn `qcn`mK
hpw hÀjm´y§fn IpcpapfIv ]dn¨p hnäv am
{Xw hcpam\¯nsâ \sÃmcp ]¦v Is¯nbncp
¶ Imeapmbncp¶p. ImemhØ¡v kw`hn¨
ISp¯ hyXnbm\¯n IpcpapfIv XncnbnSmXm
IpIbpw IpcpapfIv hÅnIÄ ]qÀ®ambpw Dt]
£n¡pIbpw sNbvXtXmsS FÃmw `qXIme¯n
sâ Xo£vWamb HmÀ½IÄ IWs¡ Htcm IÀj
Itâbpw DÅn XnSwsh¨v InS¡p¶pv.
IÀjI\pw Izmdn hncp² kac§fn k
Pohhpambncp¶ Ip¼tfcn \nhmknbmb tP¡_v
tN«\mWv Xsâ \mSn\pw \m«pImcpsS PohnX¯n
\pw ta J\\w aqew h¶p`hn¨ ZptcymK§sf
¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¨Xv. GXmv 35 Iznâ Ipcpap
fIv DÂ]mZn¸n¨ncp¶ tP¡_v tN«\n¶v 5 Iznâ
en\Sp¯mWv IpcpapfIv In«p¶Xv. AXpXs¶
henb `mKyambn«mWv tP¡_v tN«³ IcpXp¶Xv.
F¶n«pw `qXIme¯nse HmÀ½Ifpw \S¸v Ime
s¯ \nÊlmbXIfpw IeÀ¶ AhØbn ]nSn
hn«v t]mIpt¼mgpmIp¶ A¦em¸v AbmÄ¡v
ad¨v sh¡m\mbnÃ: “]d¼n ImWp¶ GsX¦n
epsams¡ ac§tfmSv tNÀ¶v ag s]bvXv a®v \\
bps¼m Hcp hÅn \«m ]ns¶ Xncnbn«v ]mIam
Ip¶ apfIv ]dn¡m³ t]mbn t\m¡nbm aXnbm
bncp¶p. shdpsX In«nbncp¶ ku`mKy§fmWv
CÃmXmbn t]mIp¶Xv.''
XWp¸pw t\cnb NqSpw IeÀ¶ antXmjv
W ImemhØbmbncp¶p A¼ehb taJebp
sS Ømbo`mhw. "NqtSm, NqsS¶v ]dbm\mInÃ.
HcpXcw thhemWv. sXmenbn \n¶v Hcp XpÅn
hnbÀ¸v s]mSnbm¯ Xcw hn§Â’. ImemhØm
hyXnbm\s¯¡pdn¨pw ag Ipdbp¶Xns\]änbp
sams¡ tNmZn¨m sPbv-k¬ tN«sâ adp]Snbn
XmWv. I¸äbpw ao\§mSnbpw Ignªv Ip¼tf
cnbnte¡v ASp¡p¶tXmsS sPbv-k¬ tN«³
]dªv sh¨Xv A\p`hn¨dnbm\mIpw. ]mdaSIfn
 kv-t^mS\§Ä \S¡pt¼mgpmIp¶ I«n¸p
Ibpw ]mds¸mSn IeÀ¶ s]mSn]Se§fpw {IjÀ,
Fw.km³Uv bqWnäpIfn \n¶pÅ s]mSn]Se
§fpw A´co£¯n hebw t]mse X§n
\n¶v kqcy {]Imis¯ XSbp¶Xnsâ ^eambn
_mjv]oIcW {]{Inb IrXyamIm¯Xv sImm
Wv antXmjvW Imemhءv hyXnbm\w kw`hn
¡p¶sX¶mWv CtX¸än hnZKv²À A`n{]mbs¸Sp
¶Xv. ]mdaSIfn \n¶v GXm\pw hmsc AIse
bmWv sPbv-k¬ tN«\pw IpSpw_hpw Xmakn¡p
¶Xv.
Pe£mas¯ sNmÃn \m«pImcpsS {]Xn
tj[§fpmbt¸mÄ `qKÀ` PehIp v {]tZi
¯v ]cntim[\s¡¯n. F¶m ]cntim[\¡v
tijw Ip¼tfcnbS¡w J\\w tI{µoIcn¨n«pÅ
A¼ehb taJeIfn bmsXmcp hn[¯nepap
Å Pe£maansöpw Pe£ma¯n\v ImcWam
tb¡mhp¶ Fs´¦nepw LSI§tfsbm Is-
¯m\mbnà F¶pamWv dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXXv6. ]t£
A\p`h bmYmÀ°y§sf ad¨v sh¡m³ C¯cw
dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ¡v IgnbnÃtÃm. ""Pe£maansænÂ
]ns¶ F´n\mWv ]©mb¯pw Izmdn¡mcpw IpSn
37
shÅw sImp \S¶v hnXcWw sNbvXXv? Ip¼
tfcn¡mÀ¡v CXv ]pXnb A\p`hamWv. IpSnsh
Å hnXcWamIs« ]XnhmIpIbmWv. F§s\
]XnhmImXncn¡pw? CXphsc Hcp th\enepw hän
bn«nÃm¯ tP¡_nsâ ]d¼nse Ipg InWÀ
hsc shÅanÃmsX hän t]mhpIbmWv''. hb\mSv
PnÃbnse A[nIrXhpw A\[nIrXhpamb ]mdaS
IfpsS ]cn[nIfnÃm¯ hn`hNqjW¯ns\Xnsc
tImSXnsb kao]n¨ [À½cmPmWv kwkmcn¨Xv.
Ip¼tfcnbS¡apÅ A¼ehbÂtaJebnse Izm
dn tI{µoIrX {]tZi§fn GXm\pw hÀj§fm
bn A\p`hs¸Sp¶ Pe£mahpw IzmdnbnMpw
X½n hà _Ôhpaptm F¶ tNmZy¯n\v hy
àamb adp]Snbpv At±l¯n\v. ""]mdaSIfpw
aäv bqWnäpIfpw C§s\ s]cpIp¶Xn\v ap³]pw
R§fnhnsS Pohn¨ncp¶p. A¶v shÅhpw ag
bpw Dmbncp¶p. \Ã ImemhØbpw Irjnbpap-
mbncp¶p. ]mdaSIÄ hym]IambXn\p tijam
Wv ]mds¡«pIfn \n¶pw DÛhn¨ncp¶ tNme
IÄ Hmtcm¶mbn A{]Xy£ambn XpS§nbXv.
]mds¡«pIÄ Xpc¶pw s]m«n¨pw temdnIfnÂ
Ibdnt¸mIm³ XpS§nbXn ]ns¶bmWv th\Â
ag IpdªXv. AtXmsS e`yambncp¶ shůn
sâ Afhn KWyamb Ipdhpmbn. Irjn¡pw
aäp Bhiy§Ä¡pw ]s¯ t]mse shÅw
In«mXmbn. ag tXm¶pt¼mÄ am{XamWv s]¿p¶
Xv. C\n s]bvXm Xs¶bpw shÅw kw`cn¡m
\pÅ tijn ]qÀ®ambpw \ãs¸«ncn¡p¶p. A
{X¡[nIw ]mdIÄ s]m«n¨v Ignªn«pv''. [À½
cmP³ ]dªhkm\n¸n¨Xv C§s\bmbncp¶p;
kzm[o\n¡m³ tijnbpÅhÀ A[nIrXtcbpw
_Ôs¸«htcbpw kzm[o\n¨v XpSÀ¶psImtbn
cn¡p¶ AanXamb hn`hNqjW¯n kw`hn
¡p¶Xv a®nt\bpw {]mtZinI hn`h§tfbpw
ImemhØtbbpw B{ibn¨v ]pecp¶ P\§fp
sS PohnX§Ä apcSn¨v CÃmXmhpIbmWv. hn`h
NqjW§Ä¡\pkrXambn \nXyPohnX¯nÂ
Ahc\p`hnt¡n hcp¶ AkzØXIfpw Iã
¸mSpIfpw \mi\ã§fpw GsX¦nepw HutZymKn
I tcJIfntem IWs¡Sp¸pIfntem DÄs¸Sm¯
hbmWv. NqjWw sN¿s¸Sp¶hÀ ]eIpdn ]d
ªp tI« A`n{]mb {]IS\w F¶Xnt\¡mfp]
cn XoÀ¯pw kXykÔamsbmcp hkvXpXbmWnXv.
IW¡nÂs]Sm¯ A\p`h aen\oIcW
§Ä A¼ehbense doPnbW dnkÀ¨v A{Kn
IĨd skâdn \n¶v A¼ehb taJebn
 s]bvX agbpsSbpw Xm]\nebpsSbpw tcJI
Ä ]cntim[n¨m Ip¼tfcnbpÄs¸sS J\\§Ä
Xpc¶v \in¸n¨ {]tZi§fnse agbnepw Xm]\ne
bnepw kw`hn¨n«pÅ hyXnbm\§sf¡pdn¨v bm
sXmcp kqN\bpw e`n¡pIbnÃ. AtXkabw ag
bpw XWp¸pw CÃmsXbmbn ImemhØIfnÂ
kw`hn¨ hyXnbm\§fn PohnXs¯ kw_Ôn
¨ kXykÔamb kÀKmßIXIsfÃmw hnIeam
¡s¸Sp¶Xns\¡pdn¨v thhemXns¸Sp¶hcpsS
A\p`hbmYmÀ°y§sf tIÄ¡m\pw ImWm\pw
km[n¡pw. tcJIfpw {]tZihmknIfpsS A\p
`hbmYmÀXy§fpw X½n \ne\n¡p¶ s]mcp
¯t¡SpIÄ Xs¶bmWv {]kàn. ImemhØm
hyXnbm\t¯mSpw AXnsâ BLmX§tfmSpw
\mw ssIs¡mn«pÅ kao]\¯nsâ ]cnanXnI
sfbmWv AXv Xpd¶v Im«p¶Xv.
Ip¼tfcnbn \n¶pw GXmv ]¯v
IntemaoäÀ Zqc¯n doPnbW dnkÀ¨v A{Kn
IĨd skâdn Øm]n¨n«pÅ hÀjam]n\n
bnepw sXÀt½maoädnepw A¼ehb taJebp
sS s]mXphmb ImemhØm hnhc§Ä tiJcn
¡pt¼mÄ thÀXncn¨dnbm³ Ignbm¯{Xbpw kq
£vaamb hyXnbm\§fmWv taJebnse J\\
tI{µoIrX {]tZi§fnse ImemhØIfn kw`
hn¨v -sImncn¡p¶Xv. AXpsImv Xs¶ Hu
tZymKnI tcJIfn \n¶v J\\ tI{µoIrX {]tZ
i§fn GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ ImemhØ
hyXnbm\§Ä kw`hn¨n«pÅXmbn a\Ênem¡m
³ IgnbnÃ. imkv{Xobamb hniIe\§sf am{Xw
ASnØm\s¸Sp¯n X¿mdm¡s¸Sp¶ HutZymKn
I tcJIfn hn`h NqjW¯nsâ BLmX§fn
 hiwhZcmIp¶hcpsS XoÀ¯pw k_vPÎohv
Bb A\p`h§sf ]cnKWn¡m¯Xn\mepw kÀ
¡mcntâbpw kÀ¡mÀ GP³knIfpsSbpw IW
s¡Sp¸nepw C¡q«À DÄs¸Sm\pÅ km[yXIÄ
CÃmsXbmIp¶p.
]dªphcp¶Xv HutZymKnI tcJIÄ Nne
bmYmÀ°y§sf \ncmIcn¨v sImmWv \ne\nÂ
¡p¶sX¶mWv. DÄs¡mÅeà ]pd´ÅemWv
AXnsâ kz`mhw F¶mWv. Cu ]pd´ÅÂ \S
¡p¶Xv F§s\bmsW¶Xn\pÅ DZmlcWam
Wv Ip¼tfcn. Iogv¯«n kw`hn¨psImncn¡p
¶ AhØmhyXnbm\§sf IrXyambn hnebncp
¯p¶ kwhn[m\§fpsSbpw AXn\p thnbp
Å {ia§fpsSbpw A`mhamWv Cu ]pdwXÅen
sâ ASnØm\ ImcWw. asämcÀ°¯n ]d
ªm Hcp {]tZit¯bpw B {]tZis¯ P\
PohnXt¯bpw aäv PohPme§tfbpw am{Xw {]Xy
£¯n _m[n¡p¶ hfsc kq£vaamb Imemh
Øm hyXnbm\§Ä HutZymKnI tcJIfn hI
bncp¯s¸Sp¶nsömWv. HutZymKnI kwhn[m\
§fpsS A]cym]vXX ImemhØm hyXnbm\s¯
¡pdn¨v \mw \S¯n sImncn¡p¶ NÀ¨Itfbpw
ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ BLmX§sf sN
dp¡p¶Xn\v thn \mw ssIs¡mÅp¶ \S]Sn
{Ia§tfbpw {]iv-\hXv¡cn¡p¶pv. e`yamIp
¶ hnhc§tfbpw IW¡pItfbpw ap³\nÀ¯n
bmWv NÀ¨Ifpw kwhmZ§fpw \nehn apt¶m«v
t]mIp¶sX¶ncns¡ ]cnanXambhsb am{Xw
38
IW¡n s]Sp¯n {]mtZinIhpw AXy´kq£v
ahpamb ImemhØmhyXnbm\§sf \ncmIcn¨pw
F§s\bmWv {]iv-\§sf {InbmßIambpw D¯
chmZn¯t¯mSpw IqSn kao]n¡m\mhpI? Ip¼
tfcnbpsS A\p`hbmYmÀ°y§sf ap¶n sh
¨psImvv Xs¶ tcJIfnepw {]tZihmknIfpsS
A\p`hbmYmÀ°y§fnepw X½n \ne\n¡p
¶ s]mcp¯t¡SpIÄ F§s\bmWv Imemh
Øm hyXnbm\s¯ kw_Ôn¨ NÀ¨Itfbpw
hn`hNqjW§Äs¡Xncmb {]Xntcm[ {ia§tf
bpw ss_]mkv sN¿p¶sX¶v a\Ênem¡m³
km[n¡pw.
kwØm\¯v ]mdaSIÄ¡v ssek³kv
\ÂIp¶Xn\v ]mcnØnXnI BLmX ]T\§Ä
\nÀ_Ôam¡p¶Xpambn _Ôs¸« hmZ§fpw
{]XnhmZ§fpw kPohambn \n¡p¶ kmlNcy
amWnXv. sNdpInS IzmdnIÄ¡v ]mcnØnXnI B
LmX ]T\w Bhiyansö \ne]mSmWv kÀ¡m
dntâXv. h³InS IzmdnIfpsS Imcy¯n ]mcn
ØnXnI BLmX ]T\w BhiyamsW¶v Bsc
tbm t_m[ys¸Sp¯ms\¶ h®w Hscmgp¡³
a«n sI.Fw.Fw.kn.BÀ ]cnjv-¡cn¨t¸mÄ Fgp
Xn tNÀ¯n«ps¶v am{Xw7. F¶m {]mtbmKnI
Xe¯n GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ ]mcnØnXnI
BLmX ]T\§Ä \S¯msXbmWv tIcf¯nse
`qcn`mKw hcp¶ sNdpInS IzmdnIfpw h³InS Izm
dnIfpw {]hÀ¯n¨v sImncn¡p¶Xv. ]mdaSIÄ
¡v ssek³kv \ÂIp¶Xn\v ]mcnØnXnI B
LmX ]T\w \nÀ_Ôam¡p¶Xpambn _Ôs¸«v
tImSXnIÄ¡pw hyXykvX \ne]mSpIfmWv DÅ
Xv. ssa\À an\d hn`mK¯nÂs]Sp¶ [mXp¡Ä
J\\w sN¿p¶Xn\v tjmÀ«v tSw s]ÀanäpIÄ
\ÂIp¶Xv tIcf¯n am{XapÅ {]hWXbm
sW¶ncns¡bmWv ]mcnØnXnI BLmX ]T\w
\nÀ_Ôam¡nsImv tI{µ h\w, ]cnØnXn
a{´mebw ]pds¸Sphn¨ hnÚm]\¯nÂ8 tjmÀ
«v tSw s]ÀanäpIsf Ipdn¨v ]dbp¶nsö hmZap
¶bn¨v sNdpInS IzmdnIÄ¡v ssek³kv e`n¡p
¶Xn\v ]mcnØnXnI BLmX ]T\w Bhiy
ansöv tIcf kÀ¡mÀ Xocpam\w ssIs¡mXv.
]t£ tIcf kÀ¡mÀ Xocpam\¯ns\Xnsc ]cn
ØnXn {]hÀ¯Icpw hnhn[ ]mdaS hncp² kac
¡mcpw \ÂInb lÀPnbn FÃmhn[ IzmdnIÄ
¡pw ]mcnØnXnI BLmX ]T\w \nÀ_Ôam¡
Wsa¶mWv sslt¡mSXn hn[n ]pds¸Sphn¨ncp
¶sX¦n CXns\Xnsc kÀ¡mÀ H¯mibnÂ
A¸o \ÂInb Izmdn DSaIfpsS lÀPn ]cnK
Wn¨v sNdpInS IzmdnIÄ¡v ]mcnØnXnI BLm
X ]T\w BhiyansömWv kp{]ow tImSXn hn
[n¨Xv. Cu hn[nbmIs« lcnbm\ Vs Zo]Iv Ipam
À9 tIkn J\\§fpsS kz`mhw t\m¡msX
FÃmXcw J\\§Ä¡pw ]mcnØnXnI BLmX
]T\w BhiyamsW¶ kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS
hn[n\ymbs¯ Xs¶ {]iv-\hXv¡cn¡p¶XmWv.
Htc hnjb¯n Xs¶ hyXykvXamb \ne]mSp
IÄ DmIp¶Xv Nne ØnXn hnhc IW¡pIsf
ap³\nÀ¯nbmWv. kwØm\s¯ IzmdnIÄs¡
Ãmw ]mcnØnXnI BLmX ]T\w \nÀ_Ôam¡n
bm BLmX ]T\w \S¯n ssek³kv A\ph
]md L\\w – asämcp Zriyw
39
Zn¡p¶Xns\Sp¡p¶ ImeXmakw tIcf¯nsâ
hnIk\ ]²XnItfbpw \nÀ½mW taJetbbpw
apcSn¸nt¨¡psa¶ hmZ§fp¶bn¨v kÀ¡mÀ \nc
¯p¶ em`, \ã IW¡pIsf AhKWn¡m³ k
½À±w sNep¯p¶ coXnbn J\\w aqew ]cn
ØnXn¡v kw`hn¡p¶ kq£vaamb XIcmdpItf
bpw AhØmhyXnbm\§tfbpw hyàam¡m³
Ignbp¶ IW¡pIfpw tcJIfpw sXfnhmbn Db
À¯n¡mWn¡m³ Ignbm¯ kmlNcy§Ä \ne
\n¡p¶Xv hn[n\ymb§sf kzm[o\n¡p¶pv
F¶pthWw a\Ênem¡m³. F´pXs¶bmbmepw
sshcp²y§Ä am{Xw \ndªv \n¡p¶ IW¡p
IfpsS IfnIfn CÃmsXbmIp¶Xv Pohn¡m³
tbmKyamb CS§fmWv. H¸w ]mcnØnXnI \oXn
bpambn _Ôs¸«v \mw \S¯ns¡mncn¡p¶
CSs]SepIfptSbpw kwhmZ§fpsSbpw A´:k
¯bmWv.
sd^d³kv
1. ]Xnaq¶mw tIcf \nbak` ]cnØnXn kw_
Ôn¨ kanXn (2014-þ2016) dnt¸mÀ«v (tIcf¯nse
IzmdnIfpsS {]hÀ¯\w kw_Ôn¨v)
2. dnt¸mÀ«v (kn.BÀ-201/2011)
Nabeel can be contacted at [email protected]
3. UntImSnMv Z ao\nMv Bâv _neo^v-kv Atkm
kntbäUv hn¯v s]t{Sm¥n¸v-kv C³ FS¡Â
tdm¡v sjÂäÀ, tIcf, C´y; APn¯v IpamÀ,
hmÂImtamWnI knwt]mknbw
4. F³hntdm¬saâ B³v tkmjy Cw]mÎv-
kv Hm^v tÌm¬ IzmdnbnMv- tIkv ÌUn Hm^v
tImeme¼qÀ Unkv{SnÎv,
5. ss¢aäv s{Sâv-kv C³ hb\mSv: thmbv-kv {^w
I½yqWnän; [t\jv IpamÀ, ]h³ {io\mYv; 2011
6. hb\mSv PnÃm `qKÀ` PehIp¸nsâ dnt¸mÀ«v,
2010
7. 2015 s^{_phcn 7\v tIcf kÀ¡mÀ AwKoI
cn¨ sI.Fw.Fw.kn.BÀ 2015-sâ IcSv hnÚm
]\¯n Nm]väÀ A©n sk£³ 27 Ir
Xyambn kqNn¸n¨ncp¶ ]cnØnXn A\paXn
\nbaambt¸mÄ sk£³ 9- se Ahyàamb
Hcp kqN\ am{Xambn.
8. EIA notification 2006. 9. India -- Deepak Kumar and others v. State of Haryana
and Others, I.A. Nos. 12-13/2011in SLP (C) 19628-19629/2009 (2012.02.27) (Supreme Court of India) (Order) (Environmental Clearance required for mining leases under five hectares)
40
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw h\mhImi§fpw AJntejv Nn¹n
a\pjyhÀ¤w C¶v t\cnSp¶ Gähpw hen
b {]XnkÔn ImemhØm hyXnbm\amWv. hntcm
[m`mksa¶v ]dbs«, AXmWv \½fn¶v Gähpa
[nIw Insöv \Sn¡p¶Xpw. ]Xns\«mw \qäm-
nsâ a[y¯n XpS§nb hymhkmbnI hn¹hw
hnIk\¯nsâ t]cn \nb{´WanÃm¯ h\\
ioIcW¯nte¡v \bn¨p. a\pjy\mWv CXnsâ
GI D¯chmZnsb¶Xv hyàw. F¶m IqSpX
 BfpIÄ¡pw AXns\¡pdn¨pw AXnsâ {]
XymLmX§sf¡pdn¨pw AdnbnsöXmWv hmkv
Xhw. Hcp Xc¯nesæn asämcp Xc¯n Cu
{]]©¯nse FÃm PohPme§fpw Cu ØnXnhn
tij¯nsâ `mKamWv. a\pjy³ Iq«ambn Dm
¡nsbSp¯ Cu AhØ ]cnlcn¡m\pw a\pjy
sâ Iq«mb {iaw BhiyamWv.
kzmX{´y ]qÀh C´ybn ‘cmPv`qan' F
¶dnbs¸«ncp¶ h\§Ä kwc£nX `qanbmbn«m
Wv IW¡m¡nbncp¶Xv. kzmX´y¯n\p tijw
h\¯n\p taepÅ \nb{´Ww hÀ[n¸n¡m³ th
n kÀ¡mÀ ‘kwc£nX `qan \bw' sImph
¶p. ]c¼cmKXambn h\¯n\p taepÅ BZnhm
knIfpsS AhImis¯ CXp XIÀ¯p. XeapdI
fmbn Im«n Pohn¡p¶ Xt±iobcmb BZnhmkn
kaql§sf ImSv ssIt¿dp¶hcmbn Nn{XoIcn
¨p. AhÀ¡nSbn CXv ISp¯ AXr]vXn¡nSbm
¡n. CXv h\mhImi§sf¡pdn¨pÅ KuchXcam
b kwhmZ§Ä¡pw XÀ¡§Ä¡pw hgnh¨p. F
¶m Ime{ItaW ImSpw AXnse hn`h§fpw
Npcp§m³ XpS§nbtXmsS kÀ¡mÀ, Xt±iob
kaql§fpw AhcpsS coXnIfpw BNmc§fpw
h\s¯bpw AXnsâ hn`h§sfbpw kwc£n¡p
¶Xnepw AXp {]Ncn¸n¡p¶Xnepw hln¨ncp¶
]¦v AwKoIcn¡m³ XpS§n. AhÀ¡v AÀlamb
{]m[m\yw \ÂIns¡mv 2006- tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ
h\mhImi \nbaw sImph¶p.
XeapdIfmbn ImSnsâ `mKambncp¶ BZn
hmknIfpsSbpw Xt±i kapZmb§fpsSbpw {]m
[m\yw Xncn¨dnªpÅXmbncp¶p h\mhImi \n
baw. cmPys¯ h\sa¶ AXoh {]m[m\yapÅ
hn`h¯nsâ Aw_mkUÀamcmbn icnbmb hn[
¯n Ahsc ]cnKWn¨p. \nÀ`mKyhim Cu
\nbaw Dt±in¨ coXnbn \S¸m¡p¶Xv Hcp hn
`mKw P\§Ä XSÊs¸Sp¯pIbpw AXnsâ ^e
§Ä KpWt¯¡mÄ Gsd tZmjamhpIbpw sNbv
Xp. AtX¡pdn¨v Hcp sNdnb {]tZi¯v \S¯nb
Bg¯nepÅ ]T\amWv ChnsS {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv.
ssPhsshhn[y§Ä \ndªXmWv IÀWm
SIbnse jntamK PnÃbnse kmKÀ Xmeq¡v. F
¶ment¸mÄ PesshZypX Xm]\neb§Ä AhnSp
s¯ \n_nU h\s¯ hngp§nbXv aqew CsXmcp
Dujc `qanbmbn. \Kc {]tZit¯bpw tNÀ¯v
ChnSps¯ sam¯w P\kwJy 2.5 e£t¯mfw
hcpw. \nc¸mb {]tZi§sf At]£n¨v kmKdnÂ
IqSpX {]IrXn hn`h§fpv. F¶m kzmX
{´y¯n\p tijapÅ PesshZypX ]²XnIfpsS
hnIk\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä, lcnX hn¹hw, P\kw
Jym hÀ[\hv FÃmw tNÀ¶v Cu {]IrXn hn`h
§Ä IqSpXepw \in¸n¨p. Adp]XpIfn `q]cn
jv-IcW \nbaw h¶t¸mÄ IqSpX P\§Ä¡pw
X§fpsS ssIhiw Bhiy¯ne[nIw `qan Ds
¶ tXm¶embncp¶p. XeapdIÄ ]n¶n«t¸mÄ
Cu `qansbms¡ hoXn¡s¸SpIbpw Hmtcm IpSpw
_¯n\pw sNdnb Xpv `qan am{Xw kz´ambn Xo
cpIbpw sNbvXp. IqSpXÂ Irjnbpw agsb B{I
bn¨pÅXn\m AX{X em`IchpaÃmbncp¶p. Ir
jn`qan hÀ[n¸n¡m\pÅ Htcsbmcp amÀ¤w h\
`qan ssItbdpI F¶Xmbn amdn.
kmKÀ Xmeq¡n Adp]s¯m¼Xn\mbn
cw slÎÀ h\`qanbmbncp¶p. sNdnb Irjn`qan
bpsS DSaIÄ h\`qan ssItbdn AsXms¡ Ir
jn`qanbm¡n amän. CXp ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡bmWv
kw`hn¨Xv. kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ 1989-þ90- emWv ‘_
KÀ lpIpw' \bw \S¸nem¡nbXv. ssItbdnb h
\`qanbn IÀjI\p \nba]cambn AhImiw \
ÂIp¶Xmbncp¶p Cu \bw. Cu \b¯nsâ \nÀ
t±i§fnsem¶v ssItbdn kz´am¡nb Irjn`q
anbnsem¶pw \mev hr£§fn IqSpX Dm
Im³ ]mSnsöXmbncp¶p. HcmÄ¡v Cu \bw
sImv {]tbmP\w DmIWsa¦n AbmÄ kz
´w `qanbnse ac§Ä sh«Ww F¶ AhØ h
¶p! HutZymKnIambn h\`qanbn Ipdhpmbn
Ã. F¶m bYmÀ°¯n Bbnc¡W¡n\p
slÎÀ h\`qan B hn[¯n Irjn`qanbmbn
]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿s¸«p.
F¶m kmKÀ Xmeq¡nse Ahtijn¡p
¶ ag¡mSpIÄ¡p Xs¶ h\mhImi \nbaw C
41
kmK-dnse Xym-KmÀ¯n-bn h\- qan It¿-dp-Ibpw h\-\-io-I-cWw \S- p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xnsâ sXfn-hpIÄ. t^mt«m : AJn-tejv Nn¹n
t¸mÄ tZmjIcambn XoÀ¶ncn¡p¶p. Im«n \q
ämpIfmbn Pohn¨ncp¶ X\Xv BZnhmkn kaq
l§fpsS XmXv]cyw kwc£n¡pI F¶Xmbncp
¶p Cu \nba¯nsâ {]mYanIamb e£yw. F
¶m ]qÀWambpw hyàamIm¯ ImcW§fmÂ
AhÀ¡nt¸mÄ `qan¡v ta AhImi§sfm¶pw
CÃmXmbncn¡p¶p. Cu kaql§Ä ImSns\ kw
c£n¡psa¶Xn\m Ahsc kwc£n¡m\mbncp
¶p \nbaw e£yan«Xv. Im«n \n¶pw In«p¶ sN
dp hn`h§fmWv ChÀ PohnX amÀ¤¯n\mbn B
{ibn¨ncp¶Xv. Cu P\hn`mK§sf IpSnbnd¡mXn
cn¡m\pÅ ]e hyhØIfpw Cu \nba¯nep
v. Cu \nba¯n\p Iogn hcp¶ BZnhmkn
P\hn`mK§Ä 2005 Unkw_À 13-\p ap¼v h\¯n
 aq¶v XeapdIfmbn Pohn¡p¶hcmIWw. aäv
]c¼cmKX BZnhmknIfpw Cu ImeL«¯n\p
ap¼v h\¯n Pohn¨p hcp¶hcmbncn¡pw. Ch
À h\`qanbn Pohn¡p¶htcm h\hn`h§sf
B{ibn¡p¶htcm BIWw. CXpambn _Ôs¸
«v ]ment¡ Nne \n_Ô\Ifpv.
1. h\mhImis¯ kw_Ôn¨v Xocpam\saSp¡m
³ {Kmak` tNcWw. BZy {Kmak`bn ] v-
]Xn\©v AwK§fpÅ kanXn Dm¡Ww.
Cu kanXnbn h\mhImi§Ä \S¸m¡m\p
Å Imcy§sf¡pdn¨v NÀ¨ sN¿Ww.
2. Cu kanXn At]£IÀ AhImiap¶bn¡p¶
Øew h\whIp¸ns\bpw At]£Is\bpw
Adnbn¨ tijw kµÀin¡Ww.
3. AhImihmZw AwKoIcn¡p¶ kab¯v h\m
hImi kanXn¡pw PnÃmXe kanXn¡pw {Kma
k`bv¡pw hnhc§Ä e`yam¡Ww. sXämb
AhImihmZ§fps¦n AXv tcJmaqew
shfns¸Sp¯Ww.
4. Nne {][m\ kwKXnIÄ: a. h\whIp¸v DtZymKØÀ t\cn«v Øew hniZ
ambn ]cntim[n¨v {Kmak`sbtbm h\mhIm
i kanXnsbtbm hyàamb A`n{]mbw Adn
bn¡Ww. A`n{]mbw \ÂIpw ap¼v e`yamb
FÃm hnhc§fpw ]cntim[n¡Ww.
b. {]mbambhcn \n¶pÅ A`n{]mbw ]cnKWn
¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ 75 hbÊn\p apIfnepÅhcm
sW¶pw am\knImtcmKyapÅhcmsW¶pw Dd
¸m¡Ww.
c. kanXnbnepÅhÀ {]tZiw kµÀin¡pt¼mÄ
h\w, dh\yp hIp¸v DtZymKØÀ \nÀ_Ôam
bpw lmPcmbncn¡Ww.
42
kmK-dnse Xym-KmÀ¯n-bn h\- qan It¿-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. t^mt«m: AJn-tejv Nn¹n
d. h\`qanbpw AXnsâ ssPhsshhn[yhpw kwc
£n¡pIsb¶Xv {Kmak`bpsS D¯chmZnXz
hpw DtZymKØcpsS ISa hnhc§Ä kw£n
]vXam¡n Ah Hmtcm {Kmak`bnepw e`yam¡p
Isb¶XpamWv.
e. Hcp [mcWbnse¯m³ InWdpIÄ, ivaim\§
Ä, ]pcmX\amb hnip² Øe§Ä F¶nh ]
cnKWn¡mhp¶XmWv.
kmKÀ Xmeq¡n GXmv 3179 BZnhm
knIfpv. h\mhImi \nba¯n\p Iogn jn
tamK PnÃbn 1,70,000 At]£IÄ kaÀ¸n¡
s¸«n«pv. CXn 95 iXam\hpw AtbmKycmbn
cp¶p. \nehn `qan Dmbncp¶hcpw At]£n
¨hcn DÄs¸Spw.
FÃm At]£Ifpw ]cnKWn¡Wsa¶v
kÀ¡mcnsâ \nÀt±iapmbncp¶p. ap¶m¡, D
¶X PmXnIfnÂs¸«hcpw At]£Icmbncp¶p
sh¶v tcJIÄ ]dbp¶p. At]£IÄ h\w hIp
¸v DtZymKØÀ AwKoIcn¨m dh\yp hIp¸nte
¡v Abbv¡pw. AhnsS At]£I³ 75 hbÊn\p
apIfnepÅ BfmtWmsb¶v ]cntim[n¡pw. amÀ
K\nÀt±i§Ä ]dbp¶Xv 97 hbÊpÅ am\knIm
tcmKyapÅ Hcmfns\ km£nbmbn ]cnKWn¡msa
¶mWv. B {]mb¯nepÅ BfpIÄ¡v hbÊv
sXfnbn¡m³ tcJIfpmtb¡nÃ. asämcp km
£nbmbn ImWmhp¶Xv Irjn`qan¡v kao]apÅ
GsX¦nepw ]pcmX\ aX]camb \nÀ½nXnIsfbm
Wv. IÀKm {Kma¯nse temI{]ikvXamb tPm
Kv shŨm«¯n\p kao]apÅhÀ AhcpsS A
t]£bn AhImis¸Sp¶Xv shŨm«s¯
km£nbmbn ImWWw F¶mWv.
kmKÀ Xmeq¡n 15,500 At]£IÄ
e`n¨n«pv. CXn ]«nI PmXn hn`mK¯nÂs¸«
At]£IÀ 617 BWv. Htc IpSpw_¯nse AwK
§Ä Xs¶ `qan¡v thn {]tXyIambn At]£
kaÀ¸n¨p. FÃm At]£Ifpw ]cntim[n¡m\pw
AwKoIcn¡m\pw kÀ¡mÀ Dt±in¡p¶pv. Hcp
IpSpw_¯n\v IpdªXv At©¡À hoXw \ÂIn
bmepw 77,500 G¡À h\`qan Irjn`qanbmbn am
dpw. kmKÀ Xmeq¡n 19,308 ]«nIPmXn hn`mK
¯nÂs¸«hcpw 3971 ]«nIhÀ¤ hn`mK¯nÂs¸«
hcpapv. F¶meo hn`mK¯n \n¶pÅ At]
£IcpsS F®w shdpw 12 am{XamWv. aäp hn`mK
§fn \n¶pÅ At]£IÄ 546 F®apv. F
UnKÄ, lhymI {_mÒWÀ, enwKmb¯pIÄ F
¶n§s\bpÅ D¶X PmXnbnÂs¸«hcmWv kmK
dnse P\kwJybn IqSpXepw. At]£Icn `q
cn`mKhpw \nehn Irjn `qanbpÅhcpw Irjn
sN¿p¶hcpamWv. CXn\nSbn dnb FtÌäv G
Pâpamcmb a[yØÀ Cu \nba¯nsâ e£y¯n
\v FXncmbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶pv. kz´ambn A
t]£n¡m³ tbmKycÃm¯hcmWnhÀ. hr£§
Ä sh«n \in¸n¡m\pw Cu \nba¯nsâ amÀK\n
Àt±i§fn ]gpXpm¡n Imcy§Ä sN¿m\pap
Å klmbw ChÀ \ÂIp¶p.
43
sam¯¯n Cu \b¯n\v h\{]tZi¯n
sâ hensbmcp `mKw sh«n shfp¸n¨Xnsâ D¯c
hmZnXzapv. kmKdnsâ 29,000 slÎÀ {]tZiw
h\¯m Npäs¸«XmWv. h\w hIp¸v h¨p ]nSn
¸n¨ 7100 slÎÀ AtIjy h\hpw ChnsSbpv.
‘_KÀ lpIpw' \bw aqew \ãs¸« h\{]tZi
¯nsâ IW¡v C\nbpw FSpt¡Xpv. dntkÀhv
Uv h\¯ns\mgnsI h\whIp¸n\p IognepÅ A
XncpIÄ ASbmfs¸Sp¯nbn«nÃ. AXn\m ssI
tbäw F{Xt¯mfsa¶v IW¡m¡m\pw _p²nap
«mWv.
h\mhImi \nbas¯XpSÀ¶v kmKÀ Xm
eq¡nse 35 {Kma]©mb¯pIÄ Hmtcm {Kma¯n
epw h\mhImi kanXn cq]oIcn¨p. At]£I
sâ tbmKyXtbm At]£bn ]dªncn¡p¶
hnhc§fpsS \nPØnXntbm ]cnKWn¡msX F
Ãm At]£Ifpw kzoIcn¡s¸«p. FÃm At]£
Ifnt·epw \S]SnsbSp¡m\pw AwKoIcn¡m\pw
h\w, dh\yq hIp¸pIfpsS ta kÀ¡mÀ k½À
±w sNmep¯pIbmWv. Cu At]£IÀ¡v h\`qan
\ÂIm\pÅ \S]Sn{Ia§fmWv Ct¸mÄ \S¶p
sImncn¡p¶Xv. ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯n\v C
sX§s\ ImcWamIpsa¶v \ap¡v t\m¡mw. h\m
hImi \nbaw ]dbp¶Xv CXnsâ KpWt`màm
¡Ä h\s¯tbm h\yarK§sftbm \in¸n¡m
³ ]mSnsömWv. Cu \nbaw cq]oIcn¨Xv h\
s¯bpw AXnsâ X\Xv AhIminIsfbpw kzc
t¨À¨tbmsS ]ckv]cw kwc£n¨v \ne\nÀ¯m³
{]m]vXcm¡m\mWv. Cu Dt±i§sfms¡ Dm
bncp¶n«pw {Kmak`IÄ cq]oIcn¨ h\mhImi
kanXnIÄ \nba¯nsâ amÀK\nÀt±i§Ä a\Ên
em¡nbn«pw ac§Ä \in¸n¡pIbpw h\w ssI
tbdpIbpw sN¿p¶ iànIÄ kmKdnepv. B
[p\nI kaql¯n Hcp ac¯nsâ km¼¯nI
aqeyw Xmsg ]dbp¶ Xc¯n \nÀhNn¡mw.
A¼Xv hÀjw ]g¡apÅ, 50 S¬ `mcapÅ Hcp
ac¯nsâ kw`mh\ GItZiw (cq]bnÂ) C{]Im
camWv.
Hcp hÀjs¯ HmIv-knPsâ aqeyw
2,50,000.00
A´co£ aen\oIcW \nb{´Ww
5,00,000.00
agshÅw BKncWw sN¿p¶Xv 2,50,000.00 as®men¸v XSbp¶Xv 2,50,000.00 arK§Ä¡pw ]£nIÄ¡pw `£WamIp¶Xv
2,50,000.00
ImenIÄ¡v XoäbmIp¶Xv 70,000.00 BsI 15,70,000.00
imkv{Xobambn sXfnbn¡s¸« hkvXpXI
fpapv. hr£§Ä apdn¡pt¼mÄ DmIp¶ sam
¯¯nepÅ ^ew (km¼¯nIambn) AÛpXs¸
Sp¯p¶XmWv. `qan e`n¡m\mbpÅ At]£Icp
sS F®ant¸mÄ 15,000 hcpw. CXv A´naambn Hcp
e£w G¡À h\w hr£clnXamIp¶Xnte¡v \
bn¡pw. Htc¡dn A¼Xv hbÊmb IpdªXv ]
¯v ac§sf¦nepw sh«nbm GXmv ]¯v e
£w ac§Ä A§s\bpw CÃmXmIpw. CXnsâ
km¼¯nI \ãw am{Xaà aäp Zqchym]I^e§
fpw KpcpXcambncn¡pw. ImÀ_¬ssUHmIv-ssk
Uns\ HmIv-knP\m¡n amäm³ hr£§fnsænÂ
A´o£¯n IqSpXepw ImÀ_¬ssUHmIv-
sskUmbn amdpw. Hcp hi¯v \½Ä ImÀ_¬
ssU HmIv-sskUns\ BKncWw sN¿p¶ hr£
§sf \in¸n¡pIbpw adphi¯v IqSpXÂ ImÀ
_¬ssUHmIv-sskUns\ ]pdt¯¡v hnSpIbpw
sN¿p¶p.
1980þ-90 ImeL«¯n ‘_KÀ lpIpw' \
bw \S¸m¡nbt¸mÄ CXn\p kam\ambn h³
tXmXn h\\ioIcWw kw`hn¨p. ac§Ä sh
«n, I¯n¨v ]pdt¯s¡¯n¨p. Ignª ]¯v hÀ
j§Ä¡nSbn kmKÀ Xmeq¡nse age`yX 40
iXam\ambn Ipdªp. cm{ãob XmXv]cy§Ä,
ZoÀLho£WanÃmbva, AXym{Klw, IÀjIÀ¡n
Sbnse amÕcyw, ]cnØnXnsb ]mtS AhKWn¨
Xv, h\yarK§tfmSpÅ A\mØ, hfambpw aäpw
AanX tXmXnepÅ sIan¡epIfpsS D]tbmKw,
A\nb{´nXamb Ipg¡nWdpIfpsS \nÀ½mWw,
h\\ioIcWw FÃmw tNÀ¶v hÀ[n¨phcp¶ ]m
cnØnXnI {]iv-\§Ä¡v ImcWambn. hnIk\
¯nsâ t]cn tdmUpIfpw ASnØm\ kuIcy
§fpsamcp¡m³ \in¸n¨ ImSnsâ Imcyw asämcp
IYbmWv. kmKdn Hcp ImÀjnI kÀhIemime
XpS§m³ Hcp ip]mÀibpmbncp¶p. Irjn`qan
bpw h\`qanbpw FSp¯mbncn¡pw kÀhIemim
e hcp¶Xv. Cu hÀjw ChnsS e`n¨ ag km[m
cW e`nt¡p¶ agbpsS ]IpXn t]mepapm
bncp¶nÃ. th\en\pw hfsc apt¼ kmKdnse
Ipf§fpw InWdpIfpw hcp. Pew ZpÀe`ambn
XoÀ¶p. hcpw th\ amk§fn CXp IqSpXÂ
cq£amIpw.
Ignª Fs«m¼Xv sImÃambn aÂ\m«nse
P\§Ä sNdnb tXmXnse¦nepw {Iam\pKXambn
NqSv hÀ[n¡p¶Xv A\p`hn¨phcnIbmWv. kmKÀ
Xmeq¡v {]IrXnZ¯ambn Xs¶ \n_nUh\§fm
 A\p{KloXambncp¶p. Cu h\amWv NqSns\
\nb{´n¨v \ndp¯nbncp¶Xv. kqcy{]Imi¯nÂ
\n¶pÅ NqSns\ 0.15 iXam\w hr£§Ä {]Imi
kwtÇjW¯nsâbpw tkzZ\¯nsâbpw ^eam
bn XncnsI {]Xn^en¸n¡pw. \½Ä hr£§Ä
sh«n ]Icw hnfIÄ Irjn sN¿pt¼mÄ AXv 0.25
iXam\w NqSns\ {]Xn^en¸n¡pw. \½Ä tIm¬
{Ioäv sI«nS§Ä ]Wnbpt¼mÄ {]Xn^en¸n¡s¸
Sp¶ kqcy{]Imiw 0.55 iXam\ambn amdpw. h\w
\in¸n¨psImpÅ a\pjysâ GXp {]hr¯n
bpw Npän\papÅ {]tZi v A´co£Xm]\ne
Dbcm³ ImcWamIpw. taL§Ä Dcpp IqSn
]ns¶bpw agbmIp¶ BhÀ¯\s¯ Xm]\nebn
44
se Cu hyXymkw _m[n¡pw. Htc¡À \n_nUh
\w (180 ac§Ä) 18 t]À¡v HmIv-knP³ {]Zm\w
sN¿m\pXIpsa¶mWv asämcp IW¡v shfnhm
¡p¶Xv.
kwØm\s¯ sshZyptXmÀÖ¯nsâ 35þ-
40 iXam\w sshZypXn DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶Xv kmKdn
se PesshZypX Xm]\neb§fmWv. F¶m Ign
ª H¶v cp ]Xnämmbn age`yXbpsS tXmXv
IpdªXv Pe sshZyptXmXv]mZ\s¯ kmcambn
_m[n¨n«pv. ImemhØm hyXnbm\¯nsâ a
sämcp Zqjy^eamWnXv. kmKdnse P\kwJybn
se (2.5 e£w) `qcn`mKhpw Irjntbbpw tXm«Ir
jntbbpw B{ibn¨v Pohn¡p¶hcmWv. CXnÂ
75,000 t]À kmKÀ ]«W¯nemWv Pohn¡p¶Xv.
DtZymKØkaqls¯ amän \nÀ¯nbm _m¡n
`qcn`mKw BfpIfpsSbpw PohnXhr¯n agsb B
{ibn¨mWv \ne\n¡p¶Xv. ImemhØm hyXn
bm\w aqew ImSpIÄ CÃmXmIp¶Xv ChnSps¯
Hmtcm a\pjysâbpw PohnXs¯ _m[n¡pw.
F´mWv CXn\p ]cnlmcw? Cu kmlNcy
¯n \n¶v ]pd¯v IS¡pI XnI¨psamcp shÃp
hnfnbmWv. hcpw XeapdIfpsS \·tbmÀ¯v CXn
\pÅ ]cnlmc amÀ¤§Ä Ip]nSnt¡Xv A
Xy[nIw BhiyamWv. Ah \S¸m¡m³ F{X X
s¶ {]bmkamsW¦nepw a\pjycmin¡v thn
Xncp¯Â \S]SnIÄ FSpt¯ aXnbmIq. amdnb
Cu kmlNcy¯n km[yambXpw {]mtbmKnI
ambXpamb Imcy§sfs´ms¡bmWv? H¶maXm
bn kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS \nÀhN\ {]Imcw ImSn
s\ XcwXncn¨v kwc£n¡emWv. ImSns\¡pdn¨p
Å kp{]ow tImSXnbpsS \nÀhN\ {]Imcw aq¶v
Xcw ImSpIfpv. AXnsem¶v \nLp {]Imcap
Å \nÀhN\amWv. asäm¶v kwc£nX h\ambn
{]Jym]n¡s¸«n«pÅ {]tZiw. aq¶mat¯Xv Ipän
¡mSpIfpw ]ÀhX§fpw t]mse h\aÃm¯ h\
{]tZiw. AXncpIÄ ASbmfs¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ h
\whIp¸v CXv HmÀ¡pIbpw AXp \ne\ndp¯m³
A{Xta IWniX ]men¡pIbpw thWw. AS
bmfs¸Sp¯p¶ AXncpIfpw kwc£n¡Ww.
ssItbäw \S¡pIbmsW¦n AXv \nÀ¯em¡p
Ibpw ssItbä¡msc Af¶p Xn«s¸Sp¯nbncn
¡p¶ CS§fn \n¶p ]pd¯m¡pIbpw thWw.
\ãs¸« h\`qan DSs\ Xncn¨p ]nSn¡Ww. cm
aXv h\§Ä, agh\§Ä, h\yarK§Ä, ]cnØn
Xn, {]IrXn F¶nhbpsS {]m[m\ys¯¡pdn¨v
P\§sf ]Tn¸n¡phm\pw t_m[hXvIcn¡m\pw
]©mb¯v Xe¯n ]cn]mSnIÄ Bkq{XWw
sN¿Ww. h\§fpw a\pjy PohnXhpambpÅ ]c
kv]c]qcIamb _Ôs¯¡pdn¨pw H¶p asäm¶n
 B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶psh¶Xpw `qcn`mKw P\§
Ä¡pw AdnbnÃ. ac§fpsS {]m[m\yw, a\pjysâ
{]hr¯nIÄ aeo\oIcWw t]mepÅhbv¡v F§
s\ ImcWamIp¶psh¶Xpw AhÀ¡v AdnhnÃ.
CXns\ms¡ {][m\ ImcWw a\pjysâ AXymÀ
¯nbpw ]W¡mc\pw ]mhs¸«h\panSbnse hnS
hv hÀ[n¡p¶XpamWv. ap¶m¡, ]n¶m¡ kapZm
b§fnse BfpIÄ X½n `qanbpsS DSaØXbn
 h³tXmXnepÅ hyXymkapv. Cu AkaXzw
]cnlcn¡s¸tSXpv. Cu AkaXzamWv an¡
kmaqlnI km¼¯nI {]iv-\§Ä¡pw ImcWw.
t\m«v: 1970-Ifn A¶s¯ IÀWmSI ap
Jya{´nbmbncp¶ tZhcmPv AÀkv hfsc P\Io
bamb ]e ]cnjv-IcW§fpw sImph¶p. AXn
 Gähpw {][m\w `q]cnjv-IcWambncp¶p. ]m«
¡mc\v `qan F¶ \bw Irjn¡mcpsS PohnXw
s]mSp¶t\ amänadn¨p. CXnsâ ^eambn A¯c
¡mÀ ]ecpw cm{ãobambn hfsc iàcmhpIbpw
sNbvXp. ]pXnb {]mtZinI t\Xm¡Ä DSseSp
¯p. kmaqlnI \oXnbpw kaXzhpambncp¶p Iq
SpXepw tI«ncp¶ hm¡pIÄ. F¶m `qan \ã
s¸« bYmÀ° `qhpSaIÄ A{IaW kz`mhapÅ
AhØbnembn. ]m«¡mc\mbn ]pXnb `qhpSaI
Ä. AhcpsS s]cpamähpw bYmÀ° `qhpSaIfnÂ
\n¶pw hyXykvXaÃmbncp¶p. Ccp Iq«cpw AXnÀ
¯n hnkvXrXam¡m³ IqSpXÂ Irjn`qan sh«n¸n
Sn¨psImncp¶p. HSphn Iq«pIpSpw_ hyhØn
Xn XIÀ¶t¸mÄ Cu Irjn `qanbpw ]e XppI
fmbn hn`Pn¡s¸«p. CXnsâ ^eambn bphm¡Ä
\Kc¯nte¡v tNt¡dm³ XpS§n. CXn\p ]n¶m
se cmãv{Sob `q]S¯nepw ]e amä§fpapmbn.
h\mhImi \nba¯nsâ {][m\ e£yw
ImSnsâ bYmÀ° AhIminIsf Xncn¨dnbpI
bpw h\kwc£Ww IqSpXÂ {]XnÚm_²am
¡pIsb¶XpamWv. a\pjycpw h\hpw h\yPohn
Ifpw kzcpatbmsS Pohn¡m\mWv AXv hn`mh\w
sNbvXXv. Cu \nbaw \S¸m¡m³ DÄs¸«ncp¶
h\w, dh\yp, ]©mb¯v, kmaqlnI t£aw F
¶o hIp¸pIfpw h\mhImi kanXnbpw Cu {]
[m\ e£yw {]mhÀ¯nIam¡m³ H¶n¨p {]hÀ
¯n¡Ww. AÀlcmbhcnte¡v \nba¯nsâ Kp
W^esa¯n¨v kmaqlnI \oXn DbÀ¯n¸nSn¡
Ww. AXpt]mse Xs¶ A\ÀlcmbhÀ At]
£n¡m\pw A\phZn¡cpXv. A§s\ A\phZn¨m
 AXv AgnaXn¡v ImcWamhpIbpw \oXn \S¸m
¡p¶Xns\ XInSw adn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. AÀlcm
bhÀ¡v \oXn e`yamt¡Xv ]©mb¯v hnIk
\ Hm^okdpsS NpaXebmWv. th{X kq£vaX
tbmsS AÀln¡p¶hscbpw A\Àlscbpw Xncn
¨dnªv DNnXamb Xocpam\saSp¡m³ ]n.Un.H.
bv¡v Ignbpw.
h\mhImi \nbas¯¡pdn¨pw AXnsâ
amÀ¤ \nÀt±i§sfbpw t]mcmbvaIsfbpw hyh
ØIsfbpw Ipdn¨v FÃmhscbpw t_m[hm·m
cm¡pI F¶XmWv asämcp {][m\ Imcyw. \nba
s¯¡pdn¨v sXämb {]Xo£Ifpw sXän²mcWI
45
fpw ]Scp¶Xv XSbm³ CXv klmbn¡pw. Hmtcm
NphSnepw sXfnhpIÄ icnbmb tcJIfm¡m³
{i²n¡Ww. Bhiysa¦n At]£ kzoIcn¡p
¶ kab¯v hoUntbm FSp¡mw. \nba¯nsâ
]gpXpIÄ D]tbmKn¨v \njv¦f¦cmb a\pjysc
]än¡m³ {ian¡p¶ CS\ne¡msc t{]mÕmln¸n
¡cpXv. `cW \nÀhlW¯n cm{ãob
kzm[o\apmIm³ A\phZn¡cpXv. P\kwJymhn
kv-t^mS\w {]]©¯nse hn`h§fpsS ta A
anXamb BhiyamWpm¡nbncn¡p¶Xv. Xmak
¡mÀ s]cpIp¶X\pkcn¨v `qan¡v hepXmIm³
IgnbnÃ. AXn\m e`yamb `qhn`h§Ä D]tbm
Kn¨v ssPhamÀK§fp]tbmKn¨v IÀjIÀ Irjn
sN¿Ww. kÀ¡mÀ IÀjIsc t{]mÕmln¸n¡p
Ibpw Gähpw anI¨ ImÀjnI kmt¦XnI hnZyI
Ä AhÀ¡v e`yam¡pIbpw thWw. sNdnb Xp
p `qanbn Irjn sN¿m³ IqSpX ]Whpw
sXmgnemfnIfpw BhiyamsW¶Xn\m klIc
W Irjnsb¸än BtemNn¡mhp¶XmWv. C¯cw
\qX\amb Imcy§Ä GsäSp¡m³ IÀjIsc
t{]mÕmln¸n¡Ww.
at\mlcamb kmKÀ Xmeq¡v {]IrXn hn`
h§fm k¼¶amWv. Hcp hÀjw 1400 anÃn aoäÀ
ag ]cnØnXn kulrZ PohnX¯n\v [mcmfamWv.
Aaqeyamb ag¡mSpIÄ sh«n \in¸n¡p¶Xp aq
ew kao]`mhnbn Xs¶bpmIp¶ Zqjy^e
§sf¡pdn¨v P\§Ä Xncn¨dnbp¶nsöXv k¦S
IcamWv. agbnsæn agshÅw kw`cn¡q F¶
ap{ZhmIy¯n\pw {]kànbnÃmXmIpw. ]mXbcn
Inse _m\dpIfn AXn\p thn Blzm\w sN
¿p¶ ap{ZhmIy§Ä¡pw hm¡pIÄ¡pw AÀ°
anÃmXmIpw. ag¡mSpIÄ XIÀ¯psImpÅ Hcp
hnIk\¯n\pw {]kànbnÃ. ImemhØm hyXn
bm\s¯ sNdp¡m³ ag¡mSpIsf kwc£n¡pI
bpw IqSqX hr£§Ä hfÀ¯pIbpw sN¿pI
F¶XmIWw hnIk\¯n Gähpw {]m[m\yw
\ÂtIXv.
Akhilesh Chipli can be contacted at [email protected]
46
slmksIsclÅn XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\w tcJ k¼¯v
s_wKfqcp (ap¼v _mw¥qÀ F¶dnbs¸«ncp
¶ \Kcw) AXnsâ anX{]IrXnbpÅ ImemhØ
bv¡v {]ikvXamWv. \Kc¯nsâ `qanimkv{X]c
amb Øm\w, kap{Z\nc¸n \n¶v 900 aoäÀ DbÀ
¨, \Kc¯nse \nch[n DZym\§fpw kar²amb
hr£§fpw -Cu LSI§sfÃmw \Kc¯nse t{I
jvTamb ImemhØbv¡v ImcW§fmWv. asämcp
{][m\ LSIw \Kc¯nse XSmI§fpw Pekw`
cWnIfpambncp¶p. hnhn[ hep¸¯nepÅ \nch
[n XSmI§Ä \Kc¯nsâ ]e `mK§fnembn
NnXdn¡nS¡p¶p. Cu XSmI§Ä hmbphns\ Ip
fnÀ½bpÅXpw th\ens\ ITn\aÃm¯Xpam¡m³
klmbn¨p. XSmI§Ä¡v NpäpapÅ `qKÀ`Pe
hpw `qansb IpfnÀ½bpÅXm¡n XoÀ¡m³ klm
bIcambn.
s_wKfqcp C´ybnse ‘DZym\\Kc' sa¶
t]cnepw Adnbs¸Sp¶p. cmw temIalmbp²
¯n\v tijw s_wKfqcphn {ZpXKXnbnepÅ hn
Ik\amWv \S¶Xv. hyhkmbhXv¡cWw \nch
[n Ahkc§Ä Xpd¶v sImSp¡pIbpw h³tXm
Xn IpSntbä¡mÀ F¯pIbpw sNbvXp. CXn\v
]n¶mse BtKmfhXv¡cWw hcnIbpw s_wK
fqcp ‘hnhc kmt¦XnI hnZybpsS lºv' Bbn
\nehn hcpIbpw sNbvXp. C´ybnse \nch[n
ÌmÀ«v A¸v I¼\nIfpsS amXr`qan IqSnbmWv
Cu \Kcw. F¶men¶v hnIkn¡p¶ \Kchpw A
Xpambn _Ôs¸« {]iv-\§fpw aqew Ct¸mÄ
‘N¸v- Nhdv \Kcw' F¶ Ip{]kn²nbmWpÅXv.
\Kc¯nsâ NSpeamb hfÀ¨ an¡hmdpw
sNdp -CS¯cw XSmI§sfbmsI hngp§n. \Kch
Xv¡cWw \nch[n XSmI§sf _kv tÌj\pI
fpw tÌUnbhpw A¸mÀ«v-saâv tImw]v-fIvkpIfp
am¡n cq]m´cs¸Sp¯n. ssIt¿ä§Ä ASbmf
§Ä t]mepw Ahtijn¸n¡msX sNdp XSmI§
sf A{]Xy£§fm¡n. XSmIXocs¯ h³ac§
fpw A{]Xy£ambn. s_wKfqcphnse {]IrXnZ
¯ kpJioXf ImemhØ NqSmbn hcp¶Xv B
tKmf Xm]\¯nsâ Hcp DZmlcWamWv. 2020-þHm
sS th\¡me¯v s_wKfqcphn DjvWXcwKw
A\p`hs¸Spsa¶v hnZKvZÀ ap¶dnbn¸v \ÂInbn
«pv. a®v, hmbp, Pew F¶nhbpsS aen\oIcW
hpw s_wKfqcphnse P\§sf _m[n¨n«pv. \K
c¯nse lcnX taJeIÄ Ipdªncn¡p¶p. Fb
À Ioj\pw F®aä hml\§fpw kv^SnI ]pd
apÅ Iqä³ sI«nS§fpw hÀ²n¨ \nÀ½mW {]h
À¯\§fpw Ipdbp¶ DZym\ CS§fpw XSmI§
fpw \Kcs¯ ZpcnX¯nte¡v XÅn hnSpIbmWv.
lcnXhmXI§Ä h³tXmXnemWv ChnsS ]pd´
Ås¸Sp¶Xv. bYmÀ°¯nÂ, aäv bmsXmcp {]Ir
XnZ¯ Pet{kmXkpIfpanÃm¯ \Kcw hfcpI
bpw hnIkn¡pIbpw sNbvXXv XSmI§Ä aqeam
Wv. AtX XSmI§Ä Ct¸mÄ NSpe \KchXv¡c
Ww aqew kmh[m\w acn¡pIbmWv. XSmI§Ä
\nÀ½n¡s¸«Xv KmÀlnI D]tbmK¯n\mbpÅ
IpSnshÅw, Irjn, I¶pImen hfÀ¯Â F¶nh
bv¡v Bhiyw ap³\nÀ¯nbmbncp¶p. XSmI§fp
sS km¶n²yw s_wKfqcphn\v NpäpapÅ {Kma§
fnse DbÀ¶ PehnXm\w \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\v k
lmbn¨p. B XSmI§Ä Ct¸mÄ aen\Pe tiJ
cW Øeambn amdnbncn¡p¶p F¶Xv bYmÀ°
¯n ]cnXm]IcamWv.
s_wKfqcphn \nehnepÅ Npcp¡w XSm
I§fpw Pekw`cWnIfpw henb tXmXn aen\o
Icn¡s¸« AhØbnemWpÅXv. Ah thK¯n
 ssIt¿ds¸SpIbpamWv. Adnbs¸Sp¶Xpw a
t\mlchpamb Hcp XSmIamWv, C¶v timNymh
ØbnepÅ, slmksIsclÅn XSmIw. AXv N¸v
NhdpIÄ XÅp¶ Ipgnbmbn amdnbncn¡p¶p. ]
XnämpIÄ¡v ap¼v CXv Npäp]mSpapÅ {Kma§fn
te¡pÅ Pe¯nsâ t{kmXkmbncp¶p. Ct¸mÄ
PoÀt®m²mcWw sN¿m³ Ignbm¯ hn[w tIm«
¯nsâ h¡nemWnXpÅXv. AhnsS PeP´pPme
tam, ]dhItfm CÃ. slmksIsclÅn {Kmaw
I¶pImen hfÀ¯en Adnbs¸Sp¶ H¶mbncp
¶p.
XSmI¯n\v Npäpambn D]Poh\ amÀ¤w I
s¯nbncp¶ ao³]nSp¯¡mÀ, Ae¡pImÀ, I
¶pImen hfÀ¯p¶hÀ, sNdpInS IÀjIÀ F¶n
hsc Bscbpw Ct¸mÄ AhnsS ImWm\nÃ. \c
k½, e£van tZhn F¶nhsc t]msebpÅ Npcp
¡w NneÀ am{XamWv ChnsS hoSpIfn I¶p
ImenIsf hfÀ¯p¶Xv.
\nch[n {]mbw sN¶hÀ Ct¸mgpw XSmI
s¯ ]gb alnabn HmÀ¡p¶p; AXns\ Ipdn¨v
kwkmcn¡pt¼mÄ Ahcn KrlmXpcXzw \ndbp
¶p. \ck½ (75) Ignª Bdv ]XnämpIfmbn
XSmI¯n\Sp¯ Xmak¡mcnbmWv. AhcpsS Ip
Spw_w Irjn sN¿p¶hcpw I¶pImenIsf hfÀ
¯p¶hcpambncp¶p. AhcpsS IpSpw_-Irjnbn
47 slmk-sIs-c-lÅn XSm-I- n \nt£-]n-¡-s -«n-cn-¡p¶ N¸v Nh-dp-IÄ
Sw "sbkpKpU' F¶ Ip¶n\v kao]¯mbncp¶p.
AhÀ ]dbp¶p, ""XSmI¯n th\ Ime¯pw
shÅapmIpambncp¶p. AXn\v Bghpw ]c¸pap-
mbncp¶p. CSbn henb IÃpIÄ Dmbncp
¶p. IÃpIÄ sImmWv XSmI¯nsâ AXnÀ¯n
tcJs¸Sp¯nbncp¶Xv. _v hoXntbdnbXpw hn
imehpambncp¶p.'' B _nt¸mÄ Hcp tdmUm
bn XoÀ¶ncn¡p¶p.
{]tZihmknIfpsS hnizmkw XSmIw Hcp
cmÚn \nÀ½n¨XmsW¶XmWv. ap³Ime§fnÂ
hmNnIambn BhÀ¯n¡s¸«ph¶ IY Ct¸mgpw
XeapdIfmbn ssIamäw sNbvXphcp¶p. kao]
¯pÅ Hcp IÃnencp¶v cmÚn \nÀ½mW
{]hÀ¯\¯n\v taÂt\m«w hln¡pambncps¶
¶v AhÀ ]dbp¶p. FÃm Znhkhpw \nÀ½mW
{]hÀ¯\w XpScpt¼mÄ AhÀ kao]¯v Xs¶
bpmbncp¶p. \nch[n t]À¡v Cu \nXyamb
Pet{kmXkn \n¶v KpWw e`n¡Wsa¶v cm
Ún B{Kln¨ncp¶psh¶pw B IYIÄ ]dbp
¶p.
slmksIsclÅn XSmIw ØnXn sN¿p
¶Xv _\i¦cn ap¶mw tÌPv dnwMv tdmUn\v kao
]w ‘sbkpKpU' ASnhmc¯nemWv. sam¯w hnkv
XrXn 59.25 slÎÀ. Ipd¨v ]XnämpIÄ¡v ap¼v
ip²Pe Xnf¡apmbncp¶nhnsS. Cu {]tZi
s¯ NpänbpÅ {Kma§fnse Poht{kmXkmbncp
¶p CXv. XSmIw ØnXn sNbvXncp¶Xv Xmgv¶pw
CXn\v Npäp]mSpapÅ Øe§Ä DbÀ¶pambncp
¶p. DbÀ¶ {]tZi§fnse agshÅw HgpIn XSm
Is¯ \ndbv¡pw. ap¶p IntemaoäÀ hymkmÀ²
¯nepÅ aäv aq¶v XSmI§Ä Cu XSmIhpambn
_Ôn¸n¡s¸«ncp¶p. hÀjw apgph³ Pew kp`n
£ambncp¶p. XSmI¯nsâ Bgw GItZiw 30
ASn. XSmIw IhnsªmgpIp¶ Pew hrj`hXn
Xmgv-hcbnte¡mWv HgpIp¶Xv. XSmI¯nsâ Hcp
`mK¯v {Kmahpw Irjn`qanbpambncp¶p. dmKn,
tNmfw, ISpIv, sNdp tNmfw, ]cn¸v XpS§nbh
CShnfIfmbn Irjn sNbvXncp¶p. Hmtcm Irjn
bnS¯nepw Npcp§nbXv cv hmfw]pfn acw,
Bcyth¸v Asæn s]m¦manb acw XpS§nbh
Dmbncp¶p. s\ÂhbepIfpw AhnsSbpmbn
cp¶p. hmbphns\ IpfnÀ½bpÅXm¡m³ hÀ²n¨
]¨¸nsâ kw`mh\bpmbncp¶p. asämcp {]mbw
sN¶bmÄ ]dbp¶p, ""XSmI¯n\v Npäpw at\ml
camb Zriyambncp¶p. CfwImän\v Ft¸mgpw Ipfn
À½bmbncp¶p. Npäp]mSpapÅ hbepIfnse a®v
kZmkabhpw CuÀ¸apÅXpambncp¶p.''
a¬kq¬ kab¯v XSmIw \ndªncn¡p
sa¶v \ck½ HmÀ½n¡p¶p. XSmIw \ndbp¶ k
ab¯v FÃm {KmahmknIfpw ]qP \S¯pw.
sN½cnbmSns\ (arK _enbmbn) \ÂIpw. {Kma
hmknIÄ Hmtcmcp¯À¡pw BtLmj thfbm
bncp¶p AXv. Ct¸mÄ, "HcmtLmjhpanÃ' AhÀ
]dbp¶p. \mev IntemaoäÀ AIsebpÅ bZnbqÀ
XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\ kab v shÅw Hgp¡n
bncp¶Xv slmksIsclÅn XSmI¯nte¡mbn
cp¶p. aen\oIcn¡s¸« XSmI¯nte¡v IqSpXÂ
aeo\Pew HgpInsb¯n. "Hcp XSmIw ip²oIcn
¡m³ asämcp XSmIw aen\oIcn¡p¶Xv F§s\
48
\oXoIcn¡m\mhpw?' AhÀ tNmZn¡p¶p.
slmksIsclÅn XSmIw ]eImcW§
fm \in¸n¡s¸«ncn¡pIbmWv. {]tZihmknI
Ä ]dbp¶Xv, BZyw shÅw aen\oIcn¡s¸«p,
ASp¯Xmbn XSmI ssIt¿äapmbn. agshÅw
XSmI¯nte¡v sImph¶ncp¶ I\mepIÄ A
gp¡pshÅ NmepIfmbn. Pb\KÀ, N¶½sId¨p
¡«p, ]ß\m` \KÀ, Nn¡Âkm´v-d, C«amSp, sF
PnFkv te Hu«v XpS§nb Øe§fn \n¶v "cm
P Iepsh' hgn Agp¡pshÅw XSmI¯nte¡v
HgpIpIbmWv.
cmP Iepsh, _n_nFw]n (_rlpXv s_w
Kfqcp alm\Kc ]menI) bn s]Sp¶XmWv. F
¶m cmP Iepsh `mK¯pÅ ssIt¿äw Hgp¸n
¡mt\m aen\Pew ip²oIcn¡mt\m _n_nFw]n
bmsXmcp \S]Snbpw kzoIcn¡p¶nÃ. Agp¡pNm
 XSmIhpambn _Ôn¡s¸«ncn¡pIbmWv. Aen
\Pew Ipfhmg, Pe kky IfIÄ F¶nhbpsS
hfÀ¨bv¡v ImcWambncn¡p¶p.
aäv {]tZi¯pÅ Xmak¡mcpw N¸p Nh
dpIÄ \nt£]n¡p¶Xv ChnsSbmWv. Npäp]mSpap
Å {]tZi§fn \n¶pÅ amen\y§Ä XSmI
¯nte¡v hgn Is¯p¶p. ]gb sI«nS Ahin
ã§Ä ChnsSbmWv BfpIÄ XÅp¶Xv. ]¶nI
Ä s]äv s]cpIp¶p. "XSmI¯n\v Npäpw \n¶pÅ
ZpÀKÔhpw, sImXpIv ieyhpw Akl\obamWv.
Fsâ ho«nse P\meIÄ t]mepw Xpd¡m\mhp
¶nÃ' XSmI¯n\v kao]w Xmakn¡p¶ PbcXv-\
]cmXns¸Sp¶p. XSmI¯n\v Npäp]mSpapÅ hnim
eamb Øet¯¡v IqSn ZpÀKÔw ]c¡pIbm
Wv. XSmI¯n\v kao]¯p IqSn aq¡v s]m¯msX
HcmÄ¡pw \S¡m\mhnà F¶v am{Xaà XSmIw
a\waSp¸n¡p¶ Xc¯nemWv ImWs¸Sp¶Xpw.
XSmI¯n\v kao]¯v Xmakn¡p¶ NneÀ
amen\yw XSmI¯n XÅp¶Xv XSbm³ {ian¨n«p
v. PbcXv-\, ko\½, KpcpaqÀ¯n, cma¿, hmkp
tZhv aqÀ¯n F¶nhÀ Chcn NnecmWv. F¶mÂ
amen\yw XÅp¶hÀ Chsc No¯hnfn¡pIbpw
hopw amen\yw ChnsS XÅpIbpamWv. "XSmIw
C{]Imcw ZpÀKÔw han¸n¡pt¼mÄ R§Äs¡
§ns\ 24 aWn¡qdpw XSmIs¯ kwc£n¡m\m
hpw?’ \nÊlmbcmbn AhÀ tNmZn¡p¶p.
XSmIw t\cs¯ h\whIp¸nsâ Iognem
bncp¶p. F¶m ssIt¿äw \S¡pt¼mÄ hIp¸v
DtZymKØÀ AXv Insöv \Sn¨p. AXnÀ¯n
IÃpIÄ hsc ssIt¿ä¡mÀ hen¨qcnamän. Asp
¯Xmbn _n_nFw]nbn \n¶v XSmIw ssIamäw
sN¿s¸«p. XSmI hnIk\ AtXmdnän XSmIw ip
²oIcW¯n\mbn _nUnFbv¡v ssIamäw sN¿
Wsa¶v \nÀt±in¨p. ]n¶oSv AhÀ¡v Xncn¨v \Â
In. _n.Un.F Nne kÀsÆIÄ \S¯nbXÃmsX
AXn\v tijw XSmI¯n A[nIsam¶pw sNbv
aen\Pew sI«n¡nS¡p¶ slmksIsclffn XSmIw
49
XnÃ. XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\w \S¯p¶Xv Nne am\
ZÞ§fpsS ASnØm\¯nemWv; XSmI hnkvXo
À®X, AXnsâ Ct¸mgs¯ AhØ F¶nh I
W¡m¡nbpw ]p\cpÖoh\w `pKÀ`Pes¯ k
lmbn¡ptam F¶v hnebncp¯nbpamWv. _n.Un.
F s_wKfqcphn Ipd¨v XSmI§Ä ]p\cpÖo
hn¸n¨n«pv. F¶m ChnsS Hcp \S]Snbpw kzo
Icn¨nÃ. bYmÀY¯n _n.Un.F ¡v A[nImcw
ssIamdnbtXmsS XSmIw IqSpXÂ timNymhØ
bnemIpIbmWv DmbXv. {]tZihmknIÄ CXn
s\ tNmZyw sNbvXt¸msgÃmw AhÀ Hgnªpamdn.
s_wKfqcp F¶ DZym\-XSmI \Kcw \in¸n¨Xv
_n.Un.F BsW¶mWv s]mXpshbpÅ hnizm
kw. AXv Cu {]tZiw ssIt¿dm³ \nch[n P\
§sf A\phZn¨p. aäv \nch[n XSmI XS§fpw
ssIt¿äw sN¿s¸SpIbpw hnIk\¯n\pÅ `qan
bmbn amäs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp.
XSmIw ]p\cpÖohn¸n¡m³ _n_nFw]n
50 iXam\w XpI \ÂImsat¶äncp¶p. F¶mÂ
Hcp cq] t]mepw \ÂInbnÃ. {]tZihmknIÄ¡v
Cu Imcy¯n tImÀ¸tdjt\mSv {]Xntj[apv.
_n.Un.F. Ab¨ I¯pIÄ¡v _n_nFw]n adp]
Sn Ab¨n«panÃ.
`mhn Imcy§Ä Bkq{XWw sN¿p¶ Im
cy¯n Pe-ipNoIcW hIp¸pw ]cmPbs¸«ncn
¡pIbmWv. ]²XnIÄ \S¸nem¡n hcpt¼mÄ a
en\Pe Hgp¡v Cc«nbmIpw. DZmlcW¯n\v Hcp
FkvSn]n bqWnäv Øm]n¨p Ignbp¶ kab¯v
aen\Pe Hgp¡v bqWnän\v DÄs¡mÅmhp¶Xn
epw A[nIamIpw. slmksIsclÅn XSmI¯n\v
C\nbpw Hcp FkvSn]n bqWnäv DmtInbncn
¡p¶p. XSmI hnIk\amIs« Ct¸mÄ Hcp hnZqc
kz]v\hpw.
Nn«n_mep, ss_c®, \cknwl _mep- C
hscÃmw t\cs¯ IÀjIcmbncp¶p. ChscÃmw
Ct¸mÄ `qan I¨hS¡mcpw XSmI ssIt¿ä¯n\v
klmbw sNbvXhcpamWv. GItZiw 4.37 G¡À
F³sFknC I¼\n ssIt¿dpIbpw tSmÄ tdm
UpIÄ \nÀ½n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ssIt¿ä ]²Xn
¡v H¯mi sN¿p¶ Nne cm{ãob¡mcpsS t]cp
IÄ {]tZihmknIÄ iàambn ]dbp¶pv. A
\utZymKnI IW¡\pkcn¨v CXphsc GItZiw
23 G¡À XSmI {]tZiw ssIt¿dnbn«pv. slm
ksIsclÅn XSmIPew Ct¸mÄ hfscb[nIw
aen\oIcn¡s¸«ncn¡pIbmWv. AXv \ndsb hn
jmwiw \ndªXpw D]tbmK{]ZaÃm¯XpamWv.
CXpaqew `pKÀ`Pew t]mepw aen\oIcn¡s¸«ncn
¡p¶p. IpSnshÅ hnXcW ss]¸pIfpw aen\Pe
ss]¸pIfpw ]ckv]cw ASp¯Sp¯mbmWv t]m
Ip¶Xv. aqImw_nI\KÀ \nhmknbmb e£van ]d
bp¶p, ""R§Ä Hcn¡epw Imthcn shÅw IpSn
¡mdnÃ. Nnet¸msgms¡ aen\Pew IeÀ¶Xp
t]mse AXn\v \mäapv. XSmI¯n \n¶v hf
sc DbÀ¶ Øes¯ IpgÂInWdn \n¶mWv
R§Ä¡v IpSnshÅw In«p¶Xv. B shÅw \Ã
XmWv''.
aen\oIcWw Dm¡p¶ LSI§Ä: t^mkv-t^äv: Ipfn¡m\p]tbmKn¡p¶ tkm¸v,
UnäÀPâv, ]m{Xw IgpIm³ D]tbmKn¡p¶
tkm¸v- ChbnseÃmw t^mkv-t^äv AS§nbncn
¡p¶p. XSmI¯nse DbÀ¶ tXmXnepÅ t^m
kv-t^äv, PeIfIÄ AXnthKw hfcm³ t{]m
Õml\w \ÂIp¶p. XSmI Pe¯n IpSpXÂ
sNSnIÄ hfcpt¼mÄ t^mkv-t^änsâ Afhpw
IqSpw.
s]m«mknbw: hyhkmb imeIfn \n¶pÅ
aen\Pew s]m«mknbw DÄs¡mÅp¶pv. CXv
IfIfpsS hfÀ¨sb klmbn¡p¶p.
ss\{SP³: KmÀlnI aen\Pe¯n hfscb[n
Iw ss\{SP\pv. hÀ²n¨ ss\{SP³, IfIfp
sS hfÀ¨sb hÀ²n¸n¡p¶p.
AtamWnb: ta¸dª cmkhkvXp¡Ä aqew
Pe¯nse IfIÄ ]pãns¸Spw. kkythcpIfn
se _mÎocnb AtamWnb ]pdt¯¡v hnSpw.
Ptem]cnXe¯nse hensbmcp `mK¯v IfIÄ
]c¡pt¼mÄ kqcy{]Imiw shůn\Snbnte
¡v F¯msX hcpIbpw HmIv-knP³ e`n¡msX
PePohnIÄ NmhpIbpw sN¿pw. N¯ PohnI
Ä IqSpX AtamWnb ]pdt¯¡v hnSpw.
N¸pNhdpIfnse A]IS km[yXbpÅ amen
\yw Pehpambn tNÀ¶v AXns\ IqSpX aen
\am¡pw
\nÀ½mW hkvXp¡Ä
hkv{X \nÀ½mW ^mÎdnIfn \n¶pÅ aen\
Pew
\nÀ½mW taJebnse s]mSnbpw N¸pNhdpw
slmksIsclÅn XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\
¯n\v \nch[n {]Xn_Ô§fpv. Pet_mÀUn\v
imTy¡mcmb DtZyKØ hrµapv. _nUnFbpw
_n_nFw]nbpw ]ckv]cw D¯chmZnXzw X«n¡fn
¡pIbmWv. tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ ^v D]tbmKn¨v P
etkN\ hIp¸v XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\w GsäSp
¡mdpv. F¶m Ct¸mÄ tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ Cu
^v \nÀ¯em¡n. ‘^nÃ' F¶Xv ]p\cpÖo
h\ {]hÀ¯\w Bcw`n¡mXncn¡m\pÅ HgnhpI
gnhpambn. _n_nFw]n hmÀUnse ]pXnbXmbn
XncsªSp¡s¸« tImÀ]tdäÀ cmtPizcnbmWv C
t¸mgs¯ ]p¯³ {]Xo£. Ahscm¶pw Xs¶
CXphsc hmKvZm\w sNbvXn«nÃ. F¶mepw {]tZi
hmknIÄ {]Xo£bnemWv.
{]mtZinI kaqls¯ kw_Ôn¨nSt¯m
fw XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\¯n\v \nch[n KpW§fp
v. kao]¯mbn Bdv, Ggv CS§fnembn
Xmakn¡p¶hÀ¡v ip²amb ]cnØnXn e`yam
50
Ipw. Øes¯ Hcp I½ypWnän ]mÀ¡mbn hnI
kn¸ns¨Sp¡mw. \S¯¯n\pw aäv A\p_Ô {]h
À¯\¯n\pw t{ijvTamb ØeamWnXv. ip²am
b hmbp Dd¸v hcp¯p¶Xn\mbn XSmI AXnÀ
¯nbn hr£ss¯IÄ \Smw. PePohnIÄ hf
cpIbpw ]dhIÄ Xncn¨p hcnIbpw sN¿pw.
{]hÀ¯\ Bib§Ä ssIt¿ä§Ä KucÆt¯msS XSbWw. t\c
s¯ ssIt¿äw \S¶ Øew ]nghv ]ämsX
Hgp¸ns¨Sp¡Ww.
cmP Iepshbnse ssIt¿ä§Ä Ignbp¶{X
thK¯n Hgp¸ns¨Sp¡Ww. I\m kabm
kab§fn hr¯nbm¡Ww.
30þ40 ASnbn IpSpXepÅ Øe§fn agsh
Å sImbv¯v \nba]cambn \nÀ_Ôam¡Ww.
Cu \nbaw IÀi\ambn \S¸nem¡Ww. Ct¸mÄ
Bcpw Cu \nbaw \S¸nem¡p¶nÃ. Cu \S]Sn
agshÅw Agp¡pNmense shÅhpambn IeÀ
¶v XSmI¯nte¡v HgpIp¶Xv XSbpw. s_wKfq
cphn kar²amb ag e`n¡p¶ps¶pw CXv
\Kc¯nse 3-4 amks¯ Pemhiy¯n\v aXnbm
Ipsa¶ \nch[n ]T\§fpw AhbpsS B[mc
tcJIfpapv. ag shÅs¯ hneaXn¡m³ \mw
]Tn¨nsæn \½psS Pe{]iv-\w ]cnlcn¡s¸
SnÃ.
\nch[n h³ A¸mÀ«v-saâv kap¨b§Ä AhnS
s¯ aen\Pew XSmI¯nte¡mWv Hgp¡n hnSp
¶Xv. Cu kap¨b§fn FkvSn]n \nÀ_Ôam
bpw Øm]n¡Ww. sNdp A¸mÀ«v-saâv kap¨b
§fn (8 hoSpIfpÅ) FkvSn]n \nÀ_Ôam
¡p¶Xns\ Ipdn¨v Pe t_mÀUv KucÆambn
BtemNn¡pIbmWv. Cu \nbaw \S¸nem¡p¶
Xv Hcp shÃphnfnbmWv. F¦nepw IÀi\ambn
CXv \S¸nem¡Ww. Hcp FkvSn]n bqWnän\v Hcp
henb d{^nPtdädnsâ hep¸sabpÅq. AXn\p
Å Nnehv aq¶v e£w cq]bpw. IpSnshůn\v
HgnsI an¡hmdpw FÃm Bhiy§Ä¡pw ip
²oIcn¨ shÅw D]tbmKn¡mw.
Hmhv NmeneqsS ip²oIcn¡m¯ Pew XSmI
¯nte¡v Hgp¡cpXv. CXv \nb{´n¡s¸SWw.
]p\cpÖoh\ {]hÀ¯\¯n\v tijw hÀjw
tXmdpw Øncambn XSmI¯nsâ AäIpä ]Wn
IÄ \S¯Ww.
sslt¡mSXnbpsS D¯chv A\pkcn¨mWv XSm
I hnIk\ AtXmdnän (FÂUnF) cq]oIcn¡
s¸«Xv. F¶m CXv Imcy£aaÃ. CXv ]p\:kw
LSn¸n¡pIbpw CXn ]cnØnXn taJebnse
hnZKv²À, imkv{XÚÀ, {]tZis¯ Xmak¡m
À, t]meokv XpS§nbhsc DÄs¸Sp¯pIbpw
thWw. CXnse AwK§Ä¡v A\ptbmPyamb
D¯chmZnXz§Ä \ÂIWw. Chbv¡v Bhiy
amb ^v \ÂIpIbpw \Kc¯nse FÃm XSm
I§fpw hnIkn¸n¡pIbpw thWw. AÀ¸nX
a\tÊmsSbpÅ C¯cw kwL¯nsâ {]hÀ¯
\w XoÀ¨bmbpw s_wKfqcphnse FÃm XSmI
§fpw Ipd¨v hÀj§Ä¡pÅn Xs¶ ]p\cp
Öohn¸n¡pw.
hyhkmb imeIÄ Pew ip²oIcn¨p am{Xsa
Hmhv Nmente¡v Hgp¡mhq. CXv ]men¡m¯ bq
WnäpIÄ AS¨p ]q«Ww.
tkm¸v, UnäÀPâv F¶nhbpsS \nÀ½mXm¡Ä
¡v CXnse t^mkv^dkv 10 iXam\ambn \nP
s¸Sp¯m³ \nÀt±iw \ÂIWw. Ct¸mgnXv 25
iXam\w hscbmWpÅXv. DbÀ¶ tXmXnepÅ
t^mkv^dkv shÅs¯ henb tXmXn _m[n
¡pw. \nb{´nXaÃm¯ t^mkv^dkv _e³Up
À XSmI¯nse t]mse shŸXbv¡v ImcWam
Ipw.
]p\cpÖnh\hpambn _Ôs¸«v e£vaW dmhp
I½nän cv XhW AXnsâ dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¨p.
I½nänbpsS \nÀt±im\pkcWw \Kc¯nse \n
ch[n XSmI§Ä h\whIp¸n\v ssIamdn. slm
ksIsclÅn XSmIw ssIamdpt¼mÄ A[nIw
ae\oIcWapmbncp¶nÃ. AXn\mhiyw XSm
I AXnÀ¯nbn hr£ssXIÄ \SpI, aen\P
ew XSmI¯nte¡v HgpIp¶Xv A\phZn ¡mXn
cn¡pI, ]pXnb Xmak te- Hu«pIÄ A\phZn
¡mXncn¡pI t]mepÅ Nne ]pXp¡Â \S]Sn
IÄ am{Xambncp¶p. ZuÀ`mKyhim h\whIp
¸v Cu amÀK\nÀt±i§Ä H¶pw Xs¶ ]n´pS
À¶nÃ. Ipd¨v apf \SpI am{XamWpmbXv.
"XSmI§Ä ]p\cpÖohn¸n¨nsæn Hcp \Kc
¯n\pw AXnsâ {]iv-\§Ä adnIS¡m\mhnÃ.'
dn«tbUv sFFFkv DtZyKØ\mb hn._me
kp{_aWy³ ]dbp¶p. "knwK¸qÀ amXrIbnep
Å \Kc hnIk\amWv \½Ä ]n´pScm³ {ian
¡p¶Xv. AhnsS 40 iXam\¯ne[nIw aen\P
ew ip²oIcn¨ tijw ]p\cp]tbmKn¡p¶pv.
\½fpw AXnhnsS \S¸nem¡Ww.'
XSmI ]cnc£bnse kaql ]¦mfnXzhpw
]s¦Sp¡epw
XSmI¯nsâ {]m[m\ys¯ Ipdn¨v {]mtZ
inI kaqls¯ t_m[hm·mcm¡Ww. AXhcp
sS XSmIamsW¶pw XSmIw kaql¯ntâXmsW
¶pw AhcXns\ {i²nt¡Xps¶papÅ t_m
[ahÀ¡pmIWw. amen\yw XÅp¶hsc Im
 Ahcn \n¶pw h³XpI ]ngbmbn CuSm¡
Ww. Pekwc£W¯nsâ {]m[m\ys¯¡pdn¨p
Å Aht_m[w hym]Iam¡Ww. Cu Imcy§sf
¡pdn¨v kv-IqfpIfneqsSbpw Iemeb§fneqsS
bpw Ip«nIsfbpw bphXn-bphm¡sfbpw ]Tn¸n¡
Ww. _e³ZqÀ XSmI {]iv-\w Ct¸mÄ kmaqly
am[ya§fn CSw ]nSn¨n«pv. ‘_e³ZqÀ XSmI
s¯ c£n¡pI' F¶ 20,000- ¯ne[nIw AwK§
fpÅ Iq«mbva cq]s¸«n«papv. slmksIsc XSm
Is¯ c£n¡m³ kmaqly am[ya§sf D]tbm
51 P¡qÀ XSmIw Ct¸mÄ
Ks¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. Hmtcm XSmIhpw s]mXp
apXemWv. kÀ¡mÀ Øm]\§tfmsSm¸w, {]mtZ
inI kaql¯nsâ CSs]Sepw hensbmcp ]¦v
hln¡p¶pv. {]mtZinI kaql¯nsâ ]¦mfn
¯t¯msSbÃmsX Hcp ]²Xnbpw \S¸nem¡m\m
hnÃ. kÀ¡mÀ CXv Xncn¨dnbpIbpw XSmI ]cn]m
e\w GsäSp¡p¶Xn s]mXpkaqls¯ A\ph
Zn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pv. P¡pÀ XSmIw CXn\v
D¯a DZmlcWamWv.
IÀWmSI P\ BtbmK, XSmI hnIk\
¯n\v \nch[n ip]mÀiIÄ Dm¡nbn«pv:
XSmI Pew ]cntim[n¡Ww
{Iaambn Dud a®v \o¡w sN¿Ww
5 apX 8 aoäÀ hoXnbn apf XSmI {]m´{]
tZi¯v \«phfÀ¯Ww
Ptem]cnXew ip²nbm¡pIbpw ASnªp Iq
Sp¶ Ahinã§Ä \o¡w sN¿pIbpw thWw.
Huj[ kky tXm«§Ä, Nn{Xie` tXm«§Ä,
HmÀ¡nUv tXm«§Ä F¶nh hfÀ¯m\pÅ Xp
S¡§sf t{]mÕmln¸n¡Ww.
]dhIÄ¡mbn Ir{Xna Zzo]pIÄ Dm¡Ww
t_m«v khmcn¡mÀ¡v kpc£ \S]SnIÄ \nÀ
_Ôam¡Ww
XSmI¯n\v NpäpapÅ A\[nIrX {]hÀ¯nI
Ä \nÀ¯em¡Ww
XSmI¯nsâ Npäp]mSpIÄ icnbmbn ]cn]men
¡pIbpw hr¯nbmbn kq£n¡pIbpw thWw.
XSmI Peaen\oIcWw XSbm³ \S]SnIÄ
kzoIcn¡Ww.
XSmI¯n\v NpäpapÅ hr£§fpsS F®w hÀ
²n¸n¡Ww.
XSmI¯n\v Npäpambn HmSp¶hÀ¡mbn tPmKn
Mv {Sm¡v \nÀ½n¡pIbpw AhÀ¡v hn{ian¡m
\mbn Ccn¸nS§Ä kÖoIcn¡pIbpw thWw.
shfn¨¯n\mbpÅ kuIcyw Hcp¡Ww.
{]tZihmknIÄ XSmI¯n\v thn iàambn
s]mcpXWw.
Cu Bhiy¯n\mbn Hmtcm ]uc\pw ssI
tImÀ¡Ww. XSmI¯nsâ {Iaamb AäIpä {]h
À¯\§Ä¡v _lpP\w D¯chmZnXzw GsäSp
¡Ww. {]tZi¯nsâ BtcmKy¯n bYmÀY
D¡WvT Ds¦n CXv kaql¯n\v _p²nap
«pÅ Hcp ImcyaÃ.
P¡qÀ XSmI ]p\cpÖoh\ hnPb KmY ]ckv]c_ÔnXamb XSmI§fn H¶m
bncp¶p P¡qÀ XSmIw. sbel³I XSmI¯nÂ
\n¶mWv ChntS¡v PesamgpIn F¯nbncp¶Xv.
sbel³I XSmIw hr¯nbpÅXpw aen\oIcWw
kw`hn¡m¯Xpambncp¶p. F¶m cmPImepsh
bneqsS Pew P¡qÀ XSmI¯nte¡v HgpIn F
¯pt¼mÄ Npäp]mSpapÅ {]tZi§fnse Hmhv
NmepIfnsebpw A¸mÀ«v-saâv kap¨b§fnse
bpw aen\Pehpambn IeÀ¶v h³tXmXn aen\o
Icn¡s¸«p. kyqthPv t_mÀUpw Npäp]mSpapÅ
{]tZi§fnse HmhpNm shÅw XSmI¯nte¡v
Hgp¡m³ NmepIÄ XoÀ¯p. XSmIw h³tXmXnÂ
ae\oIcn¡s¸« AhØbnepambn. DbÀ¶ tXm
XnepÅ aen\oIcW hkvXp¡fmb t^mkv-t^äv,
ss\{SP³, AtamWnb F¶nh XSmIs¯ izmkw
ap«n¨p. sImXpIpIÄ Bbnc¡W¡n\mbn. Hcp
PePohnbpw ]dhbpw AhnsSbnÃmbncp¶p. XSm
IamsI ZpÀKÔ]qcnXambn. Aklyambt¸mÄ
{]tZihmknIÄ 168 G¡dpÅ XSmIs¯ c£n
¡m³ NneXv sN¿Wsa¶v Xocpam\n¨p. cmPy¯n
sâ aäv `mK§fn \n¶v IpSntbdnbhcmbncp¶p
AhnSs¯ A[nIw BfpIfpw. AhÀ Hcpan¨p Iq
Sn ‘PÂ t]mj³' F¶ ]uckwLw cq]oIcn¨p.
"XpS¡¯n hfsc Imeambn ChnsS Xmakn¡p
52
¶ {]tZinhmknIÄ R§sf ]n´pW¨nÃ. F¶m
 R§fpsS kwL¯nsâ Imcy£aXbm kzm
[o\¡s¸«v Ahcpw AWntNÀ¶p’, kwL¯nsâ
t\Xmhmb tUm. A\pcm[ I½¯v ]dbp¶p.
XSmIw Hcn¡Â _nUnF hnIk\ {]hÀ
¯\w \S¯n _n_nFw]n¡v ssIamdnbXmWv.
]cn]me\w CÃmsX hcnIbpw AhKWn¡s¸SpI
bpw sNbvXtXmsS XSmIw timNymhØbnte¡v
Bgv¶p. Cu kab¯mWv PÂ t]mj³ kwLw
cq]oIcn¡s¸«v kmaqlnI ]¦mfn¯t¯msS ]p
\cpÖoh\ {]hÀ¯\w GsäSp¯Xv. kwLmwK
§Ä XpSÀ¨bmb ]cn]mSnIfneqsS N¸pNhdv X
Åp¶Xns\¡pdn¨pw amen\y kwkv-¡cWs¯
¡pdn¨pw P\§Ä¡nSbn Aht_m[w Dm¡n.
amen\y tiJcW¯n\mbn Hcp \nÝnX Øew
XSmI¯n\v kao]apm¡n. _n_nFw]n Poh\
¡mÀ ChnsS \n¶pw amen\yw FSp¯psImp
t]mbn. Cu kwhn[m\w \nehn hcp¯nbXv
XpSÀ¨bmb XpSÀ\S]SnIÄ¡pw \nch[n t^m¬
hnfnIÄ¡pw tijamWv. FÃm RmbdmgvNbpw
kwLmwK§Ä XSmIw hr¯nbm¡pw.
{]mtZinI C\w hr£ss¯IÄ h\w
hIp¸nsâ klmbt¯msS XSmI _nsâ Hcäw
apXÂ atä Aäw hsc \«p]nSn¸n¨p. s]m¦manb,
lqhckn XpS§nb {]mtZinI C\§Ä CXnÂ
DÄs¸Spw. 10 FwFÂUn kw`cW tijnbpÅ
FkvSn]n bqWnäv hm«À Bâv kyqthPv t_mÀUv
Øm]n¨p. Cu ip²oIcW ¹mâv sbel³IbnÂ
\n¶pw P¡qdn\v Npäp]mSpapÅ Øe§fn \n
¶pamWv aen\Pew kzoIcn¡p¶Xv. ¹mân\nt¸mÄ
8 Zie£w enäÀ shÅw ip²nIcn¨v ]pd´Åm
\mhpw. Cu Pew IpSpXÂ ipNoIcn¡m\mbn hnZ
KvZcpsS amÀ¤\nÀt±it¯msS Hcp NXp¸p\nehpw
Hcp¡nbn«pv. Pe¯n hfcp¶ IfIfpÅ Cu
a\pjy \nÀ½nX NXp¸p\new {]IrXymepÅ
{]{Inb aqew shÅs¯ IpSpXÂ ip²oIcn¡pI
bpw ip²Pes¯ XSmI¯nte¡v IS¯n hnSpI
bpw sN¿p¶p. BbXn\m 8 Zie£w enäÀ ip
²oIcn¨ shÅamWv {]XnZn\w XSmIs¯ t]mjn
¸n¡p¶Xv, CXv `pKÀ`Pes¯ hosSp¡pIbpw,
PehnXm\w DbÀ¯pIbpw IpgÂInWdpIsfbpw
at\mlcamb Xpd¶ InWdpIsfbpw \ndbv¡pI
bpw sN¿p¶p. Øncamb Cu Pe{]hmlw XSmI
s¯ ssPhsshhn[y¯nsâ ‘tlm«v-kv-t]m«v' B bn Xocm³ klmbn¨n«pv. CXv XSmIw Ft¸mgpw
\ndªncn¡p¶p F¶Xv Dd¸m¡pIbpw sN¿p
¶p.
`qKÀ`Pe hnXm\w ]cym]vXhpw XSmIw
hr¯nbpÅXpw im´hpamWv. `q{]tZiamsI Ip
fnÀ½bpÅXpw lcnXm`hpw ap¼pmbncp¶ ZpÀ
KÔw CÃm¯XpamWv. NfnbpÅ \S¸mX ag sh
Åw DÄs¡mÅp¶Xv Dd¸v hcp¯p¶p. ¹mÌn¡v
IÀi\ambn \ntcm[n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. KtWi hn
{Kl \naÖ\¯n\pw AXpt]mepÅ aäv {]hÀ
¯\§Ä¡pw asämcp sNdpXSmIhpw \nÀ½n¨n«p-
v. ao³]nSp¯¡mÀ {]XnZn\w 100 Intemhsc
aÕys¯ ]nSn¡p¶p.
{]mtZinI kaql ]¦mfn¯w AÛpX§
Ä krãn¨ P¡qÀ XSmIw \Kc Pe \nÀÆlW
¯nsâ Xnf¡amÀ¶ DZmlcWamWv. FkvSn]n¡v
Bhiy¯n\v kw`cWtijnbnà F¶Xv t]mep
Å sNdpkwKXnIÄ Ct¸mgpapv. FkvSn]n {]h
À¯n¸n¡p¶Xntâbpw ]cn]men¡p¶Xnsâbpw
Nnehv hm«À t_mÀUn³ `mcambn«pv. CXv ]cn
lcn¨v hcnIbmWv. Cu amXrIm]camb {]hr¯n
ASp¯ Xeapd XpSÀ¶psImpt]mIpsa¶v PÂ
t]mj³ kwLw {]Xymin¡p¶p.
ASp¯ XSmIw tZhcmbkm{´ XSmIam
Wv. P¡qÀ XSmI¯m {]tNmZnXambn tZhcmb
km{´ XSmI¯n\v NpäpapÅ {]tZihmknIÄ A
hcpsS XSmIs¯ c£n¡m\mbn Hcpan¨v tNÀ¶n
«pv. Pehpambn _Ôs¸«pÅ Iã¸mSpIsf t\
cnSm³ Gähpw \Ã amÀKw \Kc Pe \nÀÆlWam
Wv. P¡qÀ P\w AhcpsS CSs]Semepw XmXv]cy
¯mepw bYmÀY¯n A`n\µ\w AÀln¡p¶h
cmWv. AXpt]mse slmksIsclÅn {]mtZinI
kaqlhpw AhcpsS XSmIs¯ c£n¡m\pw ]cn
ØnXn sa¨s¸Sp¯m\pw apt¶m«v hcWw. {]mtZ
inI kaqlw iàcmbn \nesImm FÃm kÀ
¡mÀ GP³knIfpw aäv GP³knIfpw amäw D
m¡m³ klIcn¡pw.
Rekha can be contacted at [email protected]
53 IS-epn X®oÀ¯Sw
Hcp X®oÀ¯S¯nsâ IY Pwjo\ apøm«v
Hmtcm tZi¯n\pw Hmtcm IYIÄ ]dbm
\pmIpw. Hmtcm kwkv-Imchpw PohnX§sf IS
sªSp¡p¶ Ime¯nsâ km£y§fpw Ime§
Ä cq]s¸Sp¯p¶ ]cnWma§fpamWv. ISepn
X®oÀ¯S¯n\pw AXv \ne\nÀ¯p¶ PohPme
§Ä¡papv- a®n\pw a\pjy\pw ]qhn\pw ]pgp
¡Ä¡pw ]£narKmZnIÄ¡pw- Hmtcmtcm IYIÄ,
t\cpw s\dnbpapÅ, NqSpw NqcpapÅ ssPhnI _
Ô§fpsS IYIÄ.
`qanimkv{X]cambn tIcfw ssPh k¼¶
amb \mSmWv. temI¯n Xs¶ Gähpw {]IrXn
caWobhpw ssPhsshhn[y¯m k¼¶hpam
b A]qÀÆ `q{]tZiamb tIcfw B \nebnÂ
\ne\n¡phm\pÅ ImcWw tIcf¯nsâ Ing¡
³ AXncn sX¡phS¡mbn \op InS¡p¶
]ÝnaL«hpw hn]pehpw hnimehpamb X®oÀ
¯S§fpamWv. X®oÀ¯S§fm k¼¶amWv
ChnSps¯ ]cnØnXn. tIcf¯nsâ ImÀjnI
kwkv-Imchpw ]m«pw hnXIfpw cq]s¸«Xv Cu
X®oÀ¯S§fnemWv. C´ybnse Gähpw ]¨¸v
\ndª `q{]tZiambn tIcfw ImWp¶Xn\pÅ
ImcW§fnsem¶v ChnSps¯ X®oÀ¯S§Ä \n
e\nÀ¯nb `qKÀ` Pee`yXbmWv. ssZh¯nsâ
kz´w \mSv F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ tIcf¯n anX io
tXmjvW ImemhØ \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn ]ca{]
[m\amb Øm\amWv X®oÀ¯S§Ä¡pÅXv.
kar²amb X®oÀ¯S§ÄsImv C´y
bnse Gähpw lcnXm`amb kwØm\amWv tIc
fw. 217 hnimeamb X®oÀ¯S§fmWv tIcf¯n
epÅXv. kwØm\¯nsâ sam¯w hnkvXoÀ®
¯nsâ A©nsem¶v hcpw CXv. NXp¸pIfmbpw
shÅs¡«pIfmbpw hbepIfmbpw XSmI§fm
bpw ImWs¸Sp¶ Ct¡mknÌamWv Cu X®oÀ
¯S§Ä. Cu X®oÀ¯S§fn NneXv A´ÀtZ
iob Xe¯n {]ikvXambhbmWv. tIcf¯n
se ImemhØm k´penX \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn ]
ÝnaL«w Ignªm henb ]¦phln¡p¶Xv
X®oÀ¯S§fmWv. IS¯oc§tfmSv ASp¯pw
tNÀ¶pw ØnXnsN¿p¶ X®oÀ¯S§Ä Icbp
sS am{Xaà ISentâbpw kzm`mhnIX \ne\nÀ¯p
54
¶Xn ]ca{][m\amb ]¦mWv hln¨psImncn
¡p¶Xv. C¯c¯n ImWs¸Sp¶ X®oÀ¯S
§fmWv ISepnbnse X®oÀ¯S§Ä.
ae¸pdw-, tImgnt¡mSv PnÃIfpsS AXnÀ
¯n ]¦nSp¶ ISepn ]pg, Hen¸pg, s]cnbmÀ
F¶o ]pgIfpsS ssIhgnbmWv. Cu ISepn¸pg
Ad_n¡Sepambn tNcp¶ ISepn, Nmenbw, h
Ån¡p¶v {]tZi¯v ImWs¸Sp¶ ISepn X®o
À¯S§Ä ssPhsshhn[y¯m k¼¶amWv.
ISepn DÄs¸Sp¶ {]tZis¯ ssPh k¼¶
hpw k´penXhpw B¡p¶Xn hfsc henb ]
¦v hln¡p¶Xv Cu X®oÀ¯S§fmWv. F¶mÂ
B[p\nI kaql¯nsâ hnIk\ ImgvN¸mSpI
fpw a\pjysâ AhnthI CSs]SepIfpw Cu
X®oÀ¯Ss¯ \in¸n¨psImncn¡p¶p. A´a
ä hnIk\amWv kmaqlnI {Ia¯nsâ ]ptcmKXn
F¶v a\pjy³ F§s\tbm sXän²cn¨p. hnIk
\¯nsâ t]cnepw sImÅem`§Ä¡pw [qÀ¯n
\pambn {]IrXn hn`h§fpw a®pw Pehpw ssPh
k¼¯pw a\pjy³ A\nb{´nXambn D]tbmKn
¡m³ XpS§n. XÂ^eambn ChnSps¯ Bhmk
hyhØbnepw ImemhØbnepw kmcamb hyXn
bm\§Ä ImWs¸«v XpS§nbncn¡p¶p. \m\mhn
[ PohPme§fpsS \ne\n¸pw AXnPoh\hpw
CXpaqew {]XnkÔnbnembn. ISepnbnse X
®oÀ¯S§sf B{ibn¨v Pohn¡p¶ a\pjycpw
{]XnkÔnbnembncn¡p¶ kmlNcyamWv C¶p
ÅXv. X®oÀ¯S§sf B{ibn¨v Pohn¡p¶ a\p
jyÀ¡v {][m\ambpw ]dbm\pÅ X®oÀ¯S¯n
sâ \ioIcWs¯ Ipdn¨pw AXpaqeapÅ Pea
Õy timjWs¯ Ipdn¨pw X®oÀ¯S¯nsâ
LS\bn h¶ hyXnbm\s¯¡pdn¨pw X·qeap
Å ImemhØm amäs¯¡pdn¨pamWv.
ISepn X®oÀ¯Sw C´ybnse ]Snªmd³ Xoc{]tZi§fnÂ
Gähpw IqSpXÂ XWp¸v A\p`hs¸Sp¶ {]tZi
§fn H¶mWv ISepn X®oÀ¯Sw. 8 slÎÀ
sNfn \ndª \ZoapJ {]tZihpw aq¶v slÎÀ I-
¡mSpIfpw H¶c slÎÀ Bgw Ipdª {]
tZiw DÄs¸«XmWv Cu X®oÀ¯Sw. Cu {]tZi
¯nsâ ImemhØsb ]cn]men¨p t]m¶ncp¶
Cu BhmkhyhØ C¶v \mtim·pJamWv. tZ
iob X®oÀ¯S kwc£W ]cn]mSnbpsS IognÂ
2008- aq¶v kv-IzbÀ Intem aoäÀ X®oÀ¯S{]tZ
iw I½yqWnän dnkÀÆv Bbn {]Jym]n¨p. C´y
bn Xs¶ {][m\s¸« A©v I½yqWnän dnkÀhn
 H¶mWv ISepn. ae¸pdw PnÃbn Gähpw
IqSpXÂ age`n¡p¶ {]tZiamWv ChnSw. Ad_n
¡Sepambn IqSnt¨cp¶ ChnsS \nch[n ssPh
k¼¯pv. IS \nc¸nÂ\n¶pw 2 aoäÀ Dbc
¯nemWv I½yqWnän dnkÀthmbÀ \ne\n¡p¶
Xv.
ImemhØbpw aÕyk¼¯pw ISepn¡mc\mb A¿t¸«\v 62 hbÊm
bn. HmÀ½sh¨\mÄ apX {]IrXnbpambpw IS
epn X®oÀ¯Shpambpw CgpInt¨À¶v BdpXe
apdsb Ipw A\p`hn¨pw Pohn¡p¶bmÄ; A¿
t¸«\v ]dbm\pÅXv C{Xbpw Imew A\p`hn¨
\ÃXpw No¯bpamb amä§fmWv. Ime¯nsâ ]p
kvXIw ]n¶ntebv¡v adn¡pt¼mÄ A¿t¸«\v
BËmZhpw DÕmlhpw. F¶m C¶nt\bpw \m
sftbbpw Ipdn¨v ]dªp XpS§pt¼mÄ Xs¶ ap
J¯v hÃm¯ Bi¦bpw t]Snbpw \ngen¡p¶Xv
ImWmw. PohnX¯nsâ ]e ImeL«§fnepw ]e
Xpw A\p`hn¨dnªXnsâ A`nam\§Ä A¿t¸
«³ ]dªp XpS§n. "]¯p hÀjw ap¼v hsc ag
¡meamIpt¼mÄ ]pX¨p aqSnbÃmsX ]pd¯nd
§m³ IgnbnÃmbncp¶p. aIc¯n (ininc Im
ew) XWp v AXnsâ DÑØmbnbnembncn¡pw. I
Sepn ]pgbnse shÅw XWp¯v sFkv t]mse
bmIpw. cmhpw ]Iepw Htc XWp v. cm{XnIme§
fn FÃm hoSpIfnepw A§mSnIfnepw hndIv Iq
«nbn«v I¯n¨v XoImbp¶ BfpIÄ \nXy¡mgv¨
bmbncp¶p. hoSpIfn ^mt\m Gkntbm D]tbm
Knt¡Xnsâ Bhiyw Xs¶bnÃ. F¶m C¶v
ag¡me¯pw aªpIme¯pw ^mt\m Gkntbm
D]tbmKn¡msX Xmakn¡m³ IgnbnÃ. A{Xbv
¡pw NqSv, {]tZi¯v ]nSnapdn¡nbncn¡p¶p.’ tImgnt¡mSv, ae¸pdw PnÃIfn IqSpXÂ
ag e`n¡p¶ {]tZi§fn H¶mWv ISepnbn
se X®oÀ¯S§Ä ØnXnsN¿p¶ {]tZiw. F
¶m C¶v ]e ImcW§ÄsImpw ChnSps¯
ImemhØbn kmcamb amä§Ä Dmbn«pv.
a\pjysâ sNbvXnIfmWv Cu amä§Ä¡pÅ {]
[m\ImcWw. ip²Pe¯ntebpw A´co£¯n
tâbpw NqSp IqSp¶Xv a\pjys\ am{Xaà aäv P
´pPohPme§tfbpw kmcambn _m[n¨n«pv. ]
Wt¯mSpÅ BÀ¯nbpw sh«n¸nSn¡epw aqew
Ah\h\v Xs¶ ih¡pgn tXmpIbmsW¶v C
hnSps¯ NneÀ Adnbp¶nÃ. F¶m A¿t¸«s\
t]mse ISepn X®oÀ¯S¯nse Pe¯ntâ
bpw hmbphntâbpw a®ntâbpw KpW^e§Ä
A\p`hn¨dnªhÀ¡v \mSnsâ \miw henb B
i¦bmWv ]SÀ¯p¶Xv. 45 sImÃambn ISepn
]pgbnepw X®oÀ¯S¯nepw aÕy_Ô\w \S
¯n D]Poh\w \S¯p¶ A¿t¸«\v Hmtcm hÀj
t¯bpw X®oÀ¯S¯nsâ hyXnbm\hpw X·qe
apmIp¶ aÕyk¼¯nsâ timjWhpw e`yX
¡pdhpw aÕy§Ä A¶yw \n¶pt]mIp¶Xpw
AhcpsS PohnXw F¶t]mse km£ys¸Sp¯m
³ Ignbp¶pv. 1960-þ70-Ifnepw A¿t¸«sâ _m
ey¯n \qdne[nIw IpSpw_§Ä ChnSps¯
aÕy_Ô\w D]Poh\am¡n Ignªncp¶p. C
¶nXv ]¯n Xmsg IpSpw_§Ä am{Xambn Npcp
§n. AXncmhnse \mep aWnapXÂ XpS§p¶ a
55 IS-epn X®oÀ -S- nse aen-\-am-¡-s¸« I¡m-Sp-IÄ
Õy_Ô\w t\cw ]peÀ¶mepw Hcp Znhks¯
D]Poh\¯n\pÅ aÕyw e`n¡msX BbtXmSp
IqSnbmWv ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡ Cu a\pjyÀ ao³]n
Sp¯ sXmgnen \n¶v ]n³hm§nbXv. hfsc hn
tI{µoIrXambn im´XtbmSpw kam[m\t¯mSpw
IqSn D]Poh\w \S¯nbncp¶ Cu BfpIÄ¡v
PohnXw XÅn \o¡p¶Xn\v C¶v ]pdw\mSpIsf
B{ibnt¡ KXntISnemWv. F¶pam{XaÃ, sN
dnb XpIbv¡v e`n¨psImncp¶ aÕy hn`h§
Ä {]mtZinI aÕy_Ô\w CÃmbXmtbmSpIqSn
aq¶pw \mepw Cc«n XpIbv¡v hmt§ AhØ
bnembn ISepn¡mÀ.
ISepn X®oÀ¯S¯n 20 sImÃw ap¼v
hsc apcp, IÃp½¡mbv, I¡, tImc, sN½o³, ]p
bm XpS§nb aÕy§Ä hfsc kpe`ambn e`n
¨ncp¶p F¶v am{XaÃ, ]¨¡me³, \oe¡me³
XpS§nb RpIfpw [mcmfw e`n¨ncp¶p. ]¨
¡me³ Rv Huj[ KpWta· DÅXmbncp¶p.
AXpsImv Cu Rv ]pdwcmPy§fntebv¡v h
sc Ibän Ab¡pambncp¶p. F¶m C¶v, kpe
`ambn e`n¨ncp¶ aÕy§fpsS, {][m\ambpw ap
cp, I¡, IÃp½¡mbv, sN½o³ Afhv KWyamb
Ipdªp. hcp¶ ]t¯m ]Xn\t©m hÀj¯n\p
Ån Cu aÕy§Ä ]qÀ®ambn CÃmXmIp¶
kmlNcyamWv Ct¸mgpÅXv. kpe`ambn e`n¨ncp
¶ apcp hwi\mi `ojWnbnemWv. X®oÀ¯S
¯nsâ ]mcnØnXnI ssPhnIXbnepmb ImX
emb amäamWv C¯c¯n aÕyk¼¯nsâ
timjW¯n\v ImcWw. ¹mÌnIpw cmkamen\y§
fpw agbpsS e`yX¡pdhpw ssPhamen\y§fpw
(Cd¨ntImgn, FÃv XpS§nbh) aqew X®oÀ¯S
¯nse Pe¯nsâ NqSv IqSp¶Xn\v ImcWambn«p
vv. am{Xhpaà Pe¯nsâ kzm`mhnI KpWw amdp
¶Xn\pw ImcWambn«pvv. Pe¯nsâ Cu amäam
Wv ISepnbnse ip²Pe aÕy§fpsS AXnPo
h\¯n\v `ojWnbmbn \ne\n¡p¶Xv. agbpsS
e`yX IpdhpsImpw a\pjy CSs]SepIÄ sIm-
pw Dmb X®oÀ¯S¯nse Pe¯nsâ Ipdhv
X®oÀ¯S Pe¯nsâ am{Xaà A´co£¯ntâ
bpw NqSv IqSp¶Xn\v ImcWambn«pv. X·qew
Pe¯nsâ ]n.F¨v seh IpdbpIbpw kq£va
PohnIfpsS BhmkhyhØ H¶msI XInSw
adnbpIbpw sNbvXp. ip²Pe¯nsâ kzm`mhnI
XWp¸mWv aÕy§Ä¡v ap«bnSphm\pÅ A\pIq
e kmlNcyw Hcp¡p¶Xv. thentbä kab§fn
 ISen \n¶v aÕy§Ä ap«bnSphm\pw {]P\
\w \S¯phm\pw Ignbm¯ ØnXnbmWv C¶v
kwPmXambncn¡p¶Xv. Cu kmlNcy§ÄsIm
v CÃmXmIp¶Xv ChnSps¯ aÕy k¼¯mWv.
`qJÞ§Ä Xmn F¯p¶ tZimS\ ]
£nIÄ C¶v F¯mXncn¡p¶Xn\pÅ {][m\ Im
cW§fnsem¶v AhbpsS `£Wambncp¶ aÕy
§fpsS hfsc henb IpdhmWv. aqÀJ³, shÅn
s¡«³, AWen XpS§nb hnhn[ C\w ]m¼pI
fpw XhfIfpw C¶nhnsS \mi¯nsâ h¡nemWv.
FÃm hÀjhpw ISepn ]pgbn I¡ Irjn
\S¯p¶pv. F¶m sImÃ§Ä Ignbpt´mdpw
Irjnbn \n¶pÅ ^ew IpdªphcnIbmWv. C
¯c¯nepÅ \mihpw ssPh P´pPme§fpsS
\mihpw \ioIcWhpw ChnSps¯ kq£va ]cn
ØnXnsb kmcambn _m[n¨ncn¡p¶p. ssat{Im
sehenepw amt{Im sehenepw CXv ]mcnØnXnI
56
hyXnbm\§Ä¡pw amä§Ä¡pw ImcWamIp¶p.
X·qew ISepnbnse apgph³ ImemhØm k
´penXtbbpamWv CXv _m[n¨ncn¡p¶Xv.
I¡mSpIfpw ImemhØm amähpw I¡mSpIfpsS \ioIcWw aqeapm
b X®oÀ¯S¯nsâ timjn¡Â henbtXmXn
epÅ ImÀ_¬ hnIncW¯n\v ImcWambn«pv.
ChnSps¯ ]mcnØnXnI kpØncX Im¯pkq
£n¡p¶Xn {][m\ ]¦v hln¡p¶Xv Cu I
¡mSpIfmWv. 2004- kp\manbSn¨t¸mÄ AXn
sâ {]I¼\§Ä ISepn Xoc§fn A\p`h
s¸«ncp¶p. Atd_y³ DÄ¡Sent\mSv hfsc tNÀ
¶v InS¡p¶ ISepnbn kp\man Ne\§Ä
_m[n¡m¯Xn {][m\ ImcWw ChnSps¯ I-
¡mSpIfmWv. kp\man XncIÄ IS Xoc v
BªSn¡p¶Xn\v GXm\pw amk§Ä¡v ap¼v
A¿t¸«sâ t\XrXz¯n Ipd¨v t]À Ipd¨v
IÂ sNSnIÄ ChnsS \«p]nSn¸n¨ncp¶p. CXv
AhnSps¯ sNdp¸¡mÀ ]ngpXpIfªp. F¶mÂ
kp\man¯ncIÄ tIcf¯n \miw hnX¨Xn\p
tijamWv ChnSp¯pImÀ¡v a\knembXv X§
sf kp\manXncIfn \n¶v c£n¨Xv ChnSps¯
I¡mSpIfmsW¶v.
shůnse XWp¸v \ne\nÀ¯n aÕy§
Ä¡v ap«bnSm³ kuIcyw Hcp¡ns¡mSp¶Xv I
¡mSpIfmWv. iàamb thentbäkab v
ISen \n¶v D¸pshÅw IbdmsX Cu ip²Pe
s¡«ns\ kwc£n¨v t]m¶ncp¶Xpw ChnSps¯
I¡mSpIfmWv. [mcmfw I¡mSpIÄ Xn
§n\ndªv \n¶ncp¶XpsImp Xs¶ Cu X®o
À¯S¯n ip²Pehpw XWp¸pw e`yambncp¶p.
AXpsImv Xs¶ I¡mSpIfpsS thcpIÄ
¡nSbnemWv aÕy§Ä ap«bn«v Ipªp§sf ]cn
]men¡p¶Xv. s]mXpsh \Ã XWp¸mbXpsImv
Xs¶ Rv, Xhf, I¡ apXembhbpw {]P\\w
\S¯p¶Xv Cu thcpIÄ¡nSbnemWv. F¶mÂ
Ct¸mÄ I¡mSpIfpsS \ioIcWhpw Pe
¯nsâ NqSpIqSepw ImcWw IÂ thcpIÄ¡n
Sbnse Pe¯nsâ NqSpw hfscb[nIw IqSnbncn
¡p¶p. IÂImSpIÄ¡nSbn cmk, ssPh,
Jcamen\y§Ä ASnªpIqSp¶Xpw KpcpXcamb
]mcnØnXnI BtcmKy {]iv-\§Ä krãn¡p¶p
v. I¡mSpIÄ k¼¶hpw Pe¯nsâ e`y
X kpe`hpambncp¶ kab¯v X®oÀ¯Sw ip²
Pew \ndªXmbncp¶sX¶v kpldm _ohn ]d
bp¶p. "ChnsS s\d¨pw IÂ sNSnbmbncp¶p
At¸mÄ F´p\Ã shÅambncps¶t¶m? \ndsb
ao\pw. ChnsS h¶v R§Ä Ipfn¡pambncp¶p.
C¶v ImepIp¯m³ ]änÃ. ChnsS \Ã shÅamb
XpsImv ChnSps¯ InWdpIfnseÃmw \Ã IpSn
shÅapmbncp¶p. F¶m Ct¸mÄ FÃm sh
Åhpw \in¨pIgnªp’. 67 hÀjs¯ kpld _o
hnbpsS A\p`h km£yambncp¶p CXv. IÂ
¡mSv \ioIcWhpw PeZuÀe`yhpw X®oÀ¯S
¯nse Pe¯nsâ Afhv hfscb[nIw Ipdbphm
³ ImcWambn«pv. tImgnt¡mSv PnÃbnse hen
b hm«À t_mUnIfn H¶mbncp¶ ISepn C
¶v ip²Pe¯n\mbn PehnXcW kwhn[m\§
sf B{ibnt¡ KXntISnemWv. ISepn {]tZ
is¯ P\§Ä¡v ap¼v InWdpIfn ip²Pew
e`n¡mdpmbncp¶p. C¶v InWdpIfn Pew Xm
gpIbpw D¸pshÅw \ndbpIbpw ehWmwiw Pe
¯n IqSpIbpw sNbvXn«pv. 90 iXam\w ip²
Pe t{kmXÊpIfpw aen\am¡s¸«v Ignªncn¡p
¶p. kar²ambn ip²Pew In«nbncp¶ {]tZi
s¯ BfpIÄ¡v Ct¸mÄ ss]k sImSp¯v sh
Åw hmt§ AhØbmWv h¶ncn¡p¶Xv. `qK
À`Pew Xmgp¶Xpaqew InWdnse Pew Xmgp¶p
sh¶v am{Xaà a®nsâ hcĨ, NqSv IqSp¶Xn\pw
ImcWambn Xo˦p.
ImemhØm amähpw tZimS\ ]£nIfpw sk]vXw_À apX amÀ¨v hscbpÅ Ime
¯mWv ISepnbn tZimS\]£nIÄ hcp¶Xv.
]e Zn¡pIfn \n¶pw hnhn[ tZi§Ä Xmn
35 C\w hntZi ]£nIfpw 43 C\w kztZin ]£n
Ifpw ISepnbn F¯pw. lnameb¯n \n
¶pw ssk_ocnbbn \n¶pw awtKmfnbbn \n
¶pw ]£nIÄ Iq«t¯msS F¯mdpv. \o 7
amk§Ä tZimS\]£nIfpsS BhmktI{µam
WnhnSw. Gähpw IqSpXÂ tZimS\ ]£nIÄ F
¯p¶ tIcf¯nse ]£n tI{µw IqSnbmWv IS
epn. »m¡v-slUvKÄ, {_u¬slUvKÄ, tKmÄ
U³ ^v-fhÀ, ssekÀkmâv ^v-fhÀ, Knw_dÂ, Im
ÀenbqsdUvjm¦v, km³hn¨v tS¬, {Ko³jm¦v,
_mkv-¡äv _pjn XpS§nb C\¯nÂs¸« ]£nI
fmWv {][m\ambpw ChnsS F¯mdpÅXv. F¶m
 C¶v 70 iXam\w hntZibn\w ]£nIfptSbpw
48 iXam\w kztZi C\w ]£nIfptSbpw hchv
\n¶p.
Ignª 10 hÀjs¯ hnhn[§fmb Kth
jW§Ä ]dbp¶Xv ]£nIfpsS hchv \n¶Xn
sâ {][m\ImcWw ChnSps¯ ImemhØm amäw
BsW¶mWv. NqSpIqSp¶Xpaqew Nnebn\¯nÂ
s¸« ]£nIÄ N¯pt]mbXmbn I½yqWnän dnk
Àhnse ssKUv Ipªmen¡ ]dbp¶p. shůn
se D¸nsâ Awihpw aen\yapm¡nb hyXymk
hpw \ZoapJ {]tZis¯ sNfnbn amen\yw h¶v
\ndªXv aqehpw ]£nIÄ¡v \ne\n¸v CÃmXm
bn. ISepn ]pgbpsS apIfn IqSnbmWv ktX
¬ sdbnÂshbpsS Hcp ]mX t]mIp¶Xv. s{Sbn
\n \n¶v hens¨dnbp¶ amen\yhpw ]cnkchm
knIÄ sImnSp¶ Adhv amen\yhpw aäv amen\y
§fpw ]£nItfbpw AhnSs¯ aäp sshhn[y§
tfbpw tamiambn _m[n¡p¶p. AanX aen\oIc
Ww aqew Pemib¯ntebpw A´co£¯nte
bpw NqSv hÀ[n¡p¶p. IqSmsX XoätXSpt¼mÄ
57
]£nIfpsS sXmbnepw aäpw ¹mÌnIv Ipcp§n
Ah Nmhp¶Xpw \nXy ImgvNbmWv. Hmtcm hÀj
hpw ]£nIÄ ISepn Xocs¯ hn«v ]pXnb ta
¨n ]pd§Ä tXSnt¸mIp¶pv. ]v Iq«t¯m
sS Incp¶ ]£nIfpsS F®w Gtgm Ft«m
Bbn Ipdªp. Ipd¨pImew ap¼v hsc BsIbp
ÅXnsâ A©v iXam\w hsc sekÀkmâv^v-f
hÀ F¶ ]£n ChnsS h¶ncp¶p. CXv temI¯n
se Xs¶ sdt¡mUv BWv. F¶m C¶v Cu ]
£nIÄ h¶m h¶p F¶ ØnXnbn F¯n
\n¡p¶p. CXns\Ãmw {][m\ImcWw a\pjy
sâ {]hÀ¯nIÄ aqehpw ImemhØm amäw sIm
pw ISepn X®oÀ¯S¯nsâ ]cnØnXn¡p
h¶ hyXnbm\amWv.
ISepn X®oÀ¯Shpw ImemhØm amä
hpw ISepnbnse ssPhsshhn[yhpw Imem
hØbpw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn {][m\ ]¦v hln¨p
sImncn¡p¶Xv ChnSps¯ X®oÀ¯S§fmWv.
X®oÀ¯S¯nse ip²Pe¯nsâ {IamXoXamb
Ipdhv, I¡mSpIfpsS \miw, Pe¯nsâ Nq
SpIqSÂ, ip²Pew Ipdbp¶XpsImpmIp¶
ISÂPe¯nsâ A\nb{´nXamb Ibäw, X®oÀ
¯S¯nsâ timjWw, a\pjysâ AhnthI_m
lyCSs]SepIÄ, Cc«n¨psImncn¡p¶ ssPh-
cmk-Jc amen\yIq¼mcw XpS§nbh ISepn
X®oÀ¯S¯nsâ kq£va ]cnØnXnsb kmcam
bn _m[n¨n«pv. \nehn ChnSs¯ Imemh
Øm amäs¯Ipdn¨v Hcp Xc¯nepÅ ]T\§fpw
\S¶n«nÃ. Hcp \mSnsâ ]cnØnXnsb ]cn]men¨p
t]m¶ncp¶ ISepnbnse X®oÀ¯S¯nepm
bn«pÅ ImemhØmhyXnbm\§sf Ipdn¨v imkv
{Xobamb Bg¯nepÅ ]T\w AXymhiyamWv.
_Z amÀ¤§Ä \in¨psImncn¡p¶ X®oÀ¯Sw ]qÀÆ
ØnXnbn F¯n¡pI F¶Xv {iaIcamb tPm
enbmWv. F¦nepw Hcp]mSv ssPh-kky-P´pk¼
¯nsâ BhmkhyhØsb \ne\nÀ¯n ]cnØn
Xn k´pe\w sImphtcXv a\pjycS¡apÅ
PohPme§fpsS D]Poh\¯n\v AXy´mt]£n
XamWv. BZy]Sn Ft¶mWw sNt¿Xv NqSpIpd
bv¡pIbmWv. ]s£ Znhk§ÄsImtm amk
§Ä sImtm AXv \S¡nÃ. AXn\v hÀj§Ä
Xs¶ amän sht¡n hcpw.
aen\oIcWw ]qÀ®ambn \ntcm[n¨v Pemib
s¯ ]qÀ®ambn kwc£n¡pI. Adhpamen\y
hpw aäv Jcamen\yhpw aäpw X®oÀ¯S¯nÂ
XÅp¶Xv XSbm³ _Ôs¸« kÀ¡mÀ hr¯
§Ä \S]Sn kzoIcn¡pI.
\nehn Pemib¯nepw sNfn\ndª \Zoap
J¯pw ASnªpIqSnb ¹mÌnIv amen\y§Ä
\o¡w sN¿phm³ \S]Sn FSp¡pI. s{Sbn\n
 \n¶pw ¹mÌnIv amen\yw ]pgbntebv¡v hen
s¨dnbp¶Xv \ntcm[n¡m³ sdbnÂthbpambn
tNÀ¶v \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI.
IqSpX I¡mSpIÄ sh¨p]nSn¸n¡pI
bpw \nehnepÅh kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
\nehn ISepn X®oÀ¯Shpw I¡m
SpIfpw t^mdkv{Sn Un¸mÀ«v-saânsâ Iognem
Wv. F¶m Ignª \mev hÀjambn kÀ¡mÀ
Xe¯n \n¶pw IrXyamb taÂt\m«w In«p
¶nÃ. CXn\v ]cnlmcw ImWWw. \nehn 3
ssKUpIfmWv ]£n kt¦X¯n DÅXv. Ch
cpsS Bhiyw Imcy§Ä t\m¡n\S¯m³ Hcp
Øncw Hm^okÀ thWw F¶mWv. kÀ¡mÀ
hr¯§fpambn _Ôs¸«v CXn\v Hcp Xocpam
\saSp¡pI.
{]tZi¯v {Kmak`IÄ hnfn¨pIq«n X®oÀ¯S
§Ä t\cnSp¶ {]iv-\§Ä NÀ¨sN¿pI.
ImemhØm amäs¯¡pdn¨v {]tZihmknIÄ
¡pw DtZymKØÀ¡pw skan\mÀ, ]T\¢mkp
IÄ kwLSn¸n¡pI.
ISepn X®oÀ¯Ss¯Ipdn¨v ]T\w \S¯n
bhÀ A¡mcy§fn {]tZihmknIÄ¡v
t_m[h¡cWw \ÂIpI.
{]tZis¯ kv-IqfpIfnse F³.kn.kn., F³.
Fkv.Fkv., XpS§nbhbpambn klIcn¨v Im
emhØsb¡pdn¨pw AXnsâ amä§ÄsImp
Å ZpcnX§sf¡pdn¨pw sNdp\mSI§Ä, Iym
¼pIÄ XpS§nbh kwLSn¸n¡Ww.
imkv{XÚÀ ]dbp¶Xv X®oÀ¯S§Ä
`qanbpsS InUv\nbmsW¶pw Ah ImemhØbp
sS {]hÀ¯\s¯ klmbn¡pw F¶pamWv. XoÀ
¨bmbpw Cu hm¡pIÄ icnh¡p¶ Xc¯nepÅ
dnt¸mÀ«pIfmWv ISepnbn \n¶pw e`n¨Xv.
HcpIme¯v ssPhk¼¶Xbn XpSn¨p \n¶ Hcp
\mSn\v hÀj§ÄsImv a§te¡p¶XmWv hn
hn[ ]T\w \S¯nbpw A\p`h§fneqsSbpw Im
Wm³ Ignbp¶Xv. CXnsâsbms¡ ]ndIn a\p
jysâ k¼¯nt\mSpÅ BÀ¯nbmWv. {]mtZin
I kwkv-Imct¯bpw ImemhØm k´pe\t¯
bpw Ime§fmbn kwc£n¨pt]m¶ ChnSps¯
X®oÀ¯S§fpsS ]cnc£ C¶v hfsc AXymh
iyamWv. \in¨psImncn¡p¶ ISepnbpsS
ssPhk¼¯ns\ Xncn¨v ]nSnt¡Xpv. AXn\v
A[nImchpw A[nImcnIfpw P\§fpw Hcp
t]mse ]cn{ian¡Ww. Csæn thcäpt]mIp¶
Xv ISepnbnse X®oÀ¯S§Ä am{Xambncn¡n
Ã. AXns\ B{ibn¨v Pohn¡p¶ At\Iw kky-
P´p PohPme§fpw Ah cp]s¸Sp¯nb Bhm
khyhØbpw kwkv-Imchpambncn¡pw. A§s\
\½psS \ne\n¸pw.
58
Reference 1. Phytosociological Analysis of mangrove Forest
KadalundiVallikkunnu community Reserve, Kerala
2. State action Plan On Climate Change National Institute of Science Communication and Information resource
3. YOJANA Magazine 4. Arifali K.M. (Research Scholar in Kannur
University) – Zoology and Foreign behavior of shore birds East coast India –Especially Kadalundi – vallikunnu Reserve
5. Santhan Krishna – Conservation significant of kadalundi – vallikkunnu community Reservoir.
Jamsheena Mullappatt can be contacted at [email protected]
59
Cuä- pÃv ssPh-ssh-hn-[-y- nsâ {]Ir-Xn-Zr-iyw
Cuä- pÃpw AXnsâ Pe-tXm-Xp-Ifpw EXp-t -Z-§-f-\p-k-cn¨v
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw Cuä¯S§fpsS
\ioIcWhpw
enwKcmP sh¦tSjv
Cuäsb¶ BhmkhyhØ a\pjy\pw Cuä¸pÃpambpÅ _Ôw
Ncn{XmXoX tcJIÄ¡pw A¸pdamWv. Cuä¸pÃpw
AXnsâ Dt]mXv¸¶§fpw ss\ \ZnbpsS Xoc
¯v hkn¨ncp¶hÀ D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xmbn ss_
_nfn ]cmaÀiapv. P\§Ä XpdÊmb CS§
fn Pohn¡m³ XpS§nbtXmsS AhcpsS hmk
Øe§fpsS \nÀ½nXn¡v Cuä [mcmfambn D]
tbmKn¨ncp¶p. Ime{ItaW ChbpsS D]tbmKw
IqSn. Ip«Ifpw hçfpw aäpw AXn \n¶v D
m¡m³ XpS§n. F¶m {ItaW CuäbpsS
D]tbmKw Ipdªp XpS§n. Nhn«nIÄ, P\Â IÀ
«\pIÄ F¶nh Dm¡m\mbn am{XamWv Cuä
Ct¸mÄ D]tbmKn¡p¶Xv. ChbpsS \nÀ½mWw
t]mepw Ct¸mÄ ¹mÌnIv sImmWv. BZyIme
¯v Cuä BhmkhyhØbnepmbncp¶ Pohn
IÄ GsXms¡bmsW¶Xns\¡pdn¨v tcJIfnÃ.
F¶m [mcmfw D`bPohnIfpw ]£n
Ifpw aXv-ky§fpw {]mWnIfpsaÃmw Ct¸mgpw
Cuä AhbpsS BhmkhyhØbmbn D]tbmKn
¡p¶p. ip²Pe X®oÀ¯S§fpsS {][m\ khn
tijXbmb CuäbpsS \mihpw X³aqeapÅ
XIÀ¨bpamWv Cu ]T\w {]Xn]mZn¡p¶Xv. Im
emhØ hyXnbm\w aqew Cu \ioIcWw Ct¸m
Ä hfsc hyàhpamWv. ssPhsshhn[y¯nepw
Imcyamb amäapmbn. a\pjysâ kmwkv-ImcnI,
km¼¯nI {]hÀ¯\§fn Dmb amähpw
ChnsS ka{Kambn {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p.
knäcp
Cu ]T\¯n\p thn FSp¯ncn¡p¶ `q
{]tZi¯n knäcp \ZnbpsS Hcp `mKw DÄs¸Sp
¶p. ]ÝnaL«¯nsâ Ing¡³ NcnhpIfn \n¶v
DÛhn¨v Xangv-\mSnsâ sXt¡bäs¯ PnÃbmb
Xncps\ÂthenbneqsS HgpIp¶XmWv knäcp \Zn.
]pcmX\ kmlnXy¯n {Snt¡m«p asse F¶p
]dªncn¡p¶nS¯mWv knäcphnsâ DÛhw. ]
ÝnaL«¯n Bcy¦mhv Npc¯n\p sX¡v `mK
¯mbn ØnXn sN¿p¶XmWv {Snt¡m«p ae. Chn
Sp¶t§m«v knäcp tImÀ«mew shŨm«ambamWv
HgpIp¶Xv. AhnSp¶t§m«v GItZiw 60 Intem
aoäÀ HgpIn iohet¸cnbn h¨v s]mcpssW \Zn
bn tNcp¶p. ]pcmX\ Xangv kmlnXy¯n io
het¸cn ap¡qSÂ F¶mWv Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. kn
äcp \ZnbnepS\ofw [mcmfw Cuä ImWm³ km[n
¡pw. F¶m Cu {]tZis¯ Cuä Ipdbp¶Xn
sâ aqeImcW§fnsem¶v ImemhØm hyXnbm
\amWv.
CuäbpsS ssPhsshhn[yw Hcp \ZnbpsS ]cntÑZw FSp¯m AXn
sâ BganÃm¯ a[y`mK¯pw shÅw sI«n¡nS
¡p¶ AXnsâ Xoc§fnepw Cuä hym]n¨p InS
¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw. shůnsâ KpWta·tb
¡mÄ \ZnbpsS ASn¯«nse shůnsâ Afhn
emWv CXv B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. asämcp Xc¯nÂ
]dªm Ch ip²Pe X®oÀ¯S§sf B{I
bn¨mWncn¡p¶Xv. Fs´¶m Cu X®oÀ¯S
§Ä¡v Gähpw aen\amb shÅs¯ t]mepw
ip²oIcn¡m\pÅ Ignhpv. Cu X®oÀ¯S§
60
Cuä- -S-§Ä¡v Xmsg tdm´v Npäp¶
purple moorhen
IqSv s\¿m³ Cuä Iodp¶ streaked weaver bird
sf BhmkhyhØbm¡nbncn¡p¶ PohPme§
Ä CXn {][m\]¦p hln¡p¶p.
s]mXpth Cuä¯S§fpsS {IaoIcWw
Xmsg ]dbpw {]ImcamWv.
1. 20þ-30 iXam\w ]c¶p InS¡p¶ Pew
2. 40þ-50 iXam\w, Ft¸mgpw \\hnÂ
DbÀ¶p \n¡p¶ Cuä
3. 15þ-25 iXam\w DW¡ Cuä
4. 5þ-10 iXam\w DW§nbXpw sNdpXmbn
CuÀ¸apÅXpamb Ipäns¨SnIÄ
FÃm hi§fpw CuäIfm aqSs¸«
PeZzo]pIfmbn ImWs¸Sp¶ Xpd¶ Pemib
§fpw Cu XS§Ä¡nSbnepv. Ch Pe¸£n
IÄ¡v Ccsbt¯Sn Ccn¡m\pÅ kpJIcam
b CSsamcp¡p¶p. {]tXyIn¨pw cattle egrets, purple moorhens, pond-herons night herons F¶n§s\ sshhn[y§fpÅ sIm¡pIfpw Cu
Pemib§fn Cc tXSm³ Cu PeZzo]p IÄ
Xmhfam¡p¶p. Cu Cuä¯S§Ä¡v Npäpw
brown pelicassns -s\t¸mepw [mcmfambn ImWm³ I
gnbpw. Coomon kingfishers Cuäbnencn¶v IrXy ka
bsa¯pt¼mÄ Hcp ao\ns\ sIm¯nsbSp¡m\m
bn ]d¶nd§pw. Yellow Bitterns AhbpsS IqSpIÄ
Cu CuÀ¸apÅ Xn§nb CuäIfnemWv s\¿p¶
Xv. Sreaked weavser Cuä¸pÃnsâ IXncpIÄ Iq«n
tbmPn¸n¨v Hcp sI«m¡n Cuäbn \n¶v Iodnsb
Sp¯ \mcpIfp]tbmKn¨v IqSqIÄ s\¿p¶p. A
Xp t]mse sNdnbbn\w ]£nIfmb Plain pirina I
dp¯ XebpÅ Munia F¶nhbpw Cu Cuä¯S
§fn Pohn¡p¶p. blyth's reed warbler -s\ knäcp
hnse Cuä¯S¯n IXmbn Hcp Fgp¯pIm
c³ tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pv. ssiXyIme¯v Ch
C´ybpsS sX¡³ `mKt¯¡v tNt¡dpw. Cu
Cuä¯S§Ä ]eXcw PohPme§fm k¼¶
amWv. ]£nIÄ¡v ]pdta, F®aä D`bPohnIÄ-
{]tXyIn¨v XhfIÄ- Xp¼nIÄ, damsel flise DÄs¸
sSbpÅ sNdp{]mWnIÄ, Nn{Xie`§Ä aäp Cc
tXSp¶ {]mWnIÄ F¶nh ChnsS ImWmw.
ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw knäcphnse
Cuä¯S§fpw hÀj¯nepS\ofw HgpIp¶ ssZÀLyapÅ
]pgbmbn knäcphns\ ImWm³ IgnbnÃ. knäcp
DÛhn¡p¶ ]ÀhX{]tZit¯m hrãn{]tZi
t¯m AWs¡«pIÄ CÃm¯Xn\m EXpt`Z§
sf B{ibn¨mWv \ZnbpsS Hgps¡¶Xv {][m\am
Wv. ImemhØm hyXnbm\w aqew age`yXbpsS
tXmXv IpdªXpw Nne hÀj§fn th\ \o
p t]mIp¶Xpw Ignª Iptd hÀj§fmbn
Cuä¯S§Ä hym]n¡p¶Xn ]e amä§fpap-
mIm³ ImcWambn«pv. Cuä¯S§Ä \ne\n
¶ncp¶ {]tZiw Npcp§nbXpĸsSbpÅ amä§
Ä s]s«¶v {i²n¡m\mIpw. ImemhØm hyXnbm
\w am{Xaà a\pjysâ I®S¨pÅ {]hÀ¯nIfpw
{]IrXnsb \nb{´n¡m\pÅ hnhcWmXoXamb
Xzcbpw Cu amä§Ä¡v ImcWamWv.
ap³ Xeapdbnse BfpIÄ¡v shÅs¸m
¡ kab¯v \ZnbpsS Hgp¡nepmIp¶ hnkvXr
Xnsb¡pdn¨pw AXnsâ apIfnepÅ AWs¡«p
Isf¡pdn¨pw ap\¼pIsf¡pdn¨pw [mcWbpm
bncp¶p. Hcp km[mcW ImehÀj kab¯mIs«
\ZnbpsS Ccp Xoc§fnepw shÅsamgpIp¶ Can
IpIfn Ipd¨p `mKw hfsc¡mew Irjn¡mbn
D]tbmKn¡nÃmbncp¶p. CXv Hcp icmicn Ime
hÀj kabt¯¡mÄ hnkvXrXambn HgpIm³
\Znsb klmbn¡p¶p. Imew amdnbtXmsS, Im
emhØm hyXnbm\w aqew, agbpsS e`yX Ipd
ªXp ImcWhpw \ZnbpsS Hgp¡v amdnbXp sIm-
pw AXnsâ AcnIpIfn amäw h¶p. CXp {I
taW \Zn¡ncphihpapÅ `q{]tZi¯n amäap-
m¡n. Hcp henb Afhv hsc Cu `qanbpsS D]
tbmKw {KmaoW taJebn Irjn¡mbpw \Kc
§fn \nÀ½mW§Ä¡mbpw amäw sN¿s¸«p.
CXp ]pgbpsS CcphihpapŠAcnIpIfn ]Xn
61
Cuä-bpsS apI-fn Ccn-¡p¶ Cu black headed
munia¡pw Cuä- Sw Bh-i-y-apv
aÕ-y- -n\mbn Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ common kingfisher
sb Cuä¯S§Ä \in¡m³ ImcWambn. DÛh
{]tZi¯v \n¶v knäcphn\v IpdpsI AWs¡«pI
Ä H¶panÃm¯Xn\m shÅs¸m¡apmIpt¼m
Ä ]pg IcIhnsªmgpIpw. CXv Nne kab§fn
 aWens\ Hgp¡n Cuä¯S§fn \nt£]n
¡pw. aäv Nne kab§fn aW¡q\IÄ \nc
¸mbn]pXnb Cuä¯S§fpmIpw.
Hcp hÀjs¯ cp ImehÀj§sf B
{ibn¨ncn¡p¶ C´y³ D]Zzo]pIfn FÃm ]pg
Ifpw hÀj¯nepS\ofw ZoÀLambn HgpIp¶psh
¶v ]dbm³ IgnbnÃ. Ncn{X tcJIfpw kmlnXy
hpw A§s\ ]cmaÀin¡ps¶¦nepw Z£nW ta
Jebnse FÃm ]pgIfpw th\¡mew apXÂ
]ÝnaL«¯v Gähpa[nIw agsb¯n¡p¶ sX
¡v Ing¡³ ImehÀjw XpS§pw hsc an¡hmdpw
hcpW§pw. ta¸dª {]tZi§Ä ]pgIfp
sS NmephgnIfn hcWsa¶v \nÀ_ÔanÃ. G
Xmbmepw henb AWs¡«pIfpw ImemhØm
hyXnbm\Xnsâ ZoÀLIme ^e§fpsaÃmw tNÀ
¶v \Zo {IaoIcW¯n Imcyamb amäw Dm¡n
bn«pv.
th\¡me§fpsS ssZÀLyw IqSn, Ime
hÀjw CÃmXmbn, icn¡papÅ ag e`yXbnÂ
Imcyamb Gä¡pd¨nepIfpmbn. CsXÃmw \Zn
bpsS kzm`mhnI khntijXIsf amän adn¡pI
bpw AXphsc ]ckv]c ]qcIambn Pohn¨ncp¶
a\pjycpsSbpw aäp PohPme§fpsSbpw Poht\m
]m[nsb _m[n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Xangv-\mSns\
kw_Ôn¨v th\¡me¯n\pw hS¡v Ing¡³
ImehÀj¯n\panSbnepÅ Imebfhn th\Â
ag e`n¨nsæn CuÀ¸w \ne\ndp¯nbncp¶
Cuä¯S§fn AXp \ãamIm³ XpS§pw. {Ita
W CXp ]qÀ®ambn \ãamhpIbpw Cuä¯S§
Ä \in¡pIbpw sN¿pw. hcĨbnepw shÅap
Å CS§fn IqSpX Cuä¯S§Ä ImWs¸Sp
¶Xv km[mcWamWv. knäcphnsâ ImcysaSp¯m
 sX¡v ]Snªmd³ ImehÀjw e`n¡msX th
\Â \op t]mIpt¼mÄ Cu {]tZis¯ IÀj
IÀ ]pgbnse Ahtijn¡p¶ shÅw ImÀjnIm
hiy§Ä¡mbn ]¼v sNbv-sXSp¡pw. CXpaqew
Cuä¯S§fn Ahtijn¡p¶, ImehÀjw h
sc \ne\nÀt¯Xmb Pemwiw \ãamhpIbpw
Ah \in¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.
an¡ ]£nIfpsSbpw {]P\\w amÀ¨n Bcw
`n¡pIbpw hS¡v Ing¡³ ImehÀjw XpS§p¶
Xn\p ap¼v Ahkm\n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Cu ka
b¯mWv ]pgbnse Pew DÅnte¡v henbpIbpw
Cuä¯S§Ä¡v \Sphnembn, AhnsSbpw ChnsS
bpw ØnXn sN¿p¶ Xpd¶ Pemib§Ä tXSn
ao\pIsf¯pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv. Cu Ime¯v Cuä
¯S§fn IqSpX aXv-kys¯mgnemfnIÄ F
¯pIbpw ]£nIfpsS IqSpIÄ XIÀ¶v Ahbp
sS {]P\\w XmdpamdmIpIbpw sN¿p¶p. Cu Xc
¯nepÅ a\pjysâ {]hÀ¯\§fpsS Iq«mb
^ehpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\hpw Cuä¯S§
fpsS \mi¯n\p ImcWambn.
Cuä DXv¸¶§sf Poht\m]m[nbm¡nb
hÀ¡v ImemhØbpambn _Ôs¸«pÅ
\oXn knäcp \ZnbpsS hS¡³ `mK¯mbn Xncp
s\Âthen PnÃbn hoctIcfw ]p¯qÀ Xmeq¡n
se Hcp ]«WamWv hocWw. Hcp Ime¯v ]mbv
s\bv¯nteÀs¸«ncp¶ apkv-eow kapZmb¯nse
BfpIfmWv Cu ]«W¯nse \nhmknIfn Iq
SpXepw. Ct¸mÄ ]qÀ®ambn AhÀ B sXmgnÂ
\ndp¯n. ]mb s\¿m\pÅ Akwkv-IrX hkvXp
hmb Cuäbpw Hcp Ime¯v knäcphn \n¶v
kpe`ambn e`n¨ncp¶p. kwKw kmlnXy¯nse
]m«pIfn CXns\ ‘kmbv' F¶mWv ]cmaÀin¨n
cn¡p¶Xv. Cuä ]dn¨v, DW¡n, Nmbw ap¡n ho-
pw shůn ap¡n h¨ tijw s\¿m\mbn
Xdnbn Ibäpw. {]ikvXamb ‘]¯aSn' t]mse
AhcpsS ]c¼cmKX sXmgnembncp¶p AXv. Xan
62
IqSv s\¿m³ ]cn-{i-an-¡p¶
streaked weaver bird
cm]cWn \ZnbpsS Xoc§fn hfÀ¶ Cuä sIm
v ]mb s\bvXmWv AhcpsS I¨hSw ]¨ ]nSn
¨Xv. F¶ment¸mÄ Cu ]«W¯nse `qcn`mKw
s\bv¯pImÀ¡pw AhÀ¡mhiyamb Cuä In«p
¶nÃ. ^etam AhÀ¡v ¹mÌnIv sImv \nÀ½n¨
]mb hm§n, hnäv Pohnt¡n hcp¶p.
XoÀ¨bmbpw ImemhØm hyXnbm\w Cu
P\§fpsS PohnX¯n Imcyamb amä§fpm
¡nbn«pv. {]IrXn¡v bmsXmcp Xc¯nepw tZm
jw sN¿m¯ DXv¸¶§Ä \nÀ½n¨v Pohn¨ncp¶
hÀ {]IrXn¡v tZmjIcamb km[\§fpm¡n
Pohnt¡nh¶p. km¼¯nI ImgvN¸mSneqsS
t\m¡pIbmsW¦n CuäsImv taª IpSn
epIÄ Gsd¡psd A{]Xy£ambn Ignªp. t]m
b Ime¯v Imens¯mgp¯pIÄ taªncp¶Xv
Cuä sImmbncp¶p. Ct¸mgXv Sn³ joäv Bbn.
s]s«¶v \¶m¡m\pw ]pXp¡m\pw Ignbp¶Xpw
{]IrXn¡v tZmjapm¡m¯XpamWv Cuä sIm
pÅ DXv¸¶§Ä. AhbpsS Ahinãw t]m
epw KpWIcamWv. F¶m Chbv¡v ]Icw h¶
B[p\nI kmt¦XnI hnZybptSXmb DXv¸¶§
tfm? Ah km[yamb FÃm Xc¯nepw Cu
temIs¯ ]mcnØnXnI A]Nb¯nte¡mWv \
bn¡p¶Xv. Cuäbv¡v ]Icw h¶ ¹mÌn¡nsâ
tZmjhi§Ä \ap¡v Adnbmªn«Ã. F¶mÂ
ImemhØm hyXnbm\apm¡p¶Xnsâ ImcW
§fnsem¶v ¹mÌn¡msW¶v \ap¡dnbmsXbm
tWm? knäcphnse Cuä¯S§fnse k¼¶amb
PohPme§Ä Ime {ItaW Ncn{Xmhinã§fm
bn amdptamsb¶v `bapv. CXn\p Zrãm´hpap
v. tImssd¸Åw (]mfbwtImss«), tImdw ]Åw
(Xq¯p¡pSn), tKmcn]mfbw (a[pssc) F¶o t]
cpIfpÅ ]«W§Ä Cuä hfcp¶ AcphnIfpsS
IcbnemWv ØnXn sN¿psX¶v ImWmw. Ahbp
sS t]cpIÄs¡m¸w tImssd (Cuä) Ct¸mgpap
v. F¶m knäcphnse CuäIÄ \in¨m A
¯c¯nsemcp s]mSn t]mepw _m¡nbpmInÃ.
Ahsb B{ibn¨v Pohn¡p¶ P\§Ä¡v Imem
hØbpambn _Ôs¸«v F´p \oXnbmWpmhp
I?
Cuä¯S§fpsS hosSp¡Â knäcphns\ s]msebpÅ sNdnb \ZnIÄ
¡v IpdpsI Xangv-\m«n XSbnWIÄ \nÀ½n¨n«p
v. CXp cp Xc¯n klmbn¨ncn¡p¶p: \Zo
Xoct¯mSv tNÀ¶v InS¡p¶ CS§fnse InWdp
Ifn shůnsâ Afhv Hcp ]cn[n hsc IqSn.
XSbnWbpsS Hmc§fn Cuä¯S§Ä hfcm³
ImcWambn. A\ptbmPyamb kmlNcy¯nÂ
kzbw hopw hfcm³ Chbv¡v Ignbpw. F¶mÂ
Cu A\ptbmPyamb kmlNcyw krãn¡p¶
XnemWv k¦oÀWX. ]ebnS§fnsebpw Ptem]cn
Xew thK¯n Ipdªp hcnIbmWv. Imemh
ØhyXnbm\w CXn {][m\ ]¦v hln¡p¶p
s¦nepw Imcyamb Aht_m[w krãnt¡Xm
bpapv. Cuä sImv \nÀ½n¨ncp¶ ]e IcIui
e hkvXp¡fpw Ct¸mÄ ¹mÌnIv sImmWv \nÀ
½n¡p¶Xv. Cu ¹mÌnIv DXv¸¶§Ä ]p\:Nw{Ia
Ww sN¿m³ IgnbnÃ. I¯n¡pt¼mÄ ]cnØnXn
¡pw Ipgn¨nSpt¼mÄ `qan¡pw Ah KpcpXcamb
{]iv-\§fpm¡pw. CXnsâ Zqjy^e§fdnbm
hp¶ \½Ä C¯cw DXv¸¶§Ä _lnjv-Icn¡
Ww. ]Icw {]IrXn¡nW§nb DXv¸¶§sf t{]m
Xv-kmln¸n¡Ww. Cuä¸pÃv sImpm¡nb Nq
ev Ct¸mgpw Ahiy km[\amWv. F¶menXv aym
³amdn \n¶mWv Cd¡paXn sN¿p¶Xv. km¼
¯nIambn t\m¡nbmepw Cuä¸pÃv AXy[nIw
{]m[m\yapÅXmWv.
]cnlmc amÀ¤§Ä 1. Cuä sImpÅ DXv¸¶§Ä D]tbmKn¡m \
³ am{XaÃ, Cuä¯S§Ä BhmkhyØbm
¡nbncn¡p¶ PohPme§sf¡pdn¨pw AXn
\p NpäpapÅ ]cnØnXn kwc£nt¡Xnsâ
Hcp aÕys¯ sIm¯nsbSp¡m\mbn Pemib¯nsâ
Bg¯nte¡v ap§p¶ pried kingfisher
63
BhiyIXsb¡pdn¨pw \m«pImcn t_m[
hXv¡cWw krãn¡Ww.
2. ImemhØ hyXnbm\w aqeapÅ ]mcnØnXn
I {]iv-\§Ä Is¯m³ \S]Snsb¡pI
bpw AXnsâ aqeImcW§Ä ]cnln¡pI
bpw thWw. A¯cw ]mcnØnXnI {]XymLm
X§Ä eLqIcn¡m³ \nc´camb ]cn{ia
§Ä thWw.
3. C¯cw {ia§Ä \Kck`IÄ, ]©mb¯pI
Ä XpS§n kÀ¡mÀ kwhn[m\¯nse Xmtg
¯«n \n¶v XpS§Ww.
References: 1. Bringing Reedbeds to Life: creating and managing reedbeds for wildlife, https://www.rspb.org.uk. 2. Climate change affects breeding of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus, Article in Journal of Avian Biology-
January-2008. 3. ெதா. பரமசிவ , ( ச ப , 2001), ப பா அைச க , த பதி , ெச ைன,
கால வ பதி பக , ப: 42. Photographs: A. Shanmuganantham and Lingaraja Venkatesh Lingaraja Venkatesh can be contacted at [email protected]