photoproduction of mesons off the deuteron
TRANSCRIPT
Photoproduction of mesons off light nuclei————————————————————–
B. Krusche, U. Basel
Introduction
Experimental setupsCrystal Ball & TAPS @ MAMI
Crystal Barrel & TAPS @ ELSA
Experimental resultsphotoproduction off quasi-free nucleons: η, πo, πoπo, η′, πoη, π±η, πoπ±,...
coherent photoproduction of mesons off light nuclei: η, πoη, πoπo, πoπoπo
Conclusions
Collaboration2
a
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011
electromagnetic excitations of the neutron————————————————————importance of measurements off the neutron:
• different resonance contributions
• needed for extraction of iso-spin composition of elm. coupl ings
complications due to use of nuclear targets (deuteron):
• coincident detection of recoil nucleons
• Fermi motion, nuclear effects like FSI, coherent contribut ions
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011
Experiments: Crystal Ball & Crystal Barrel with TAPS—————————————————————————
10 cm
Bonn ELSA accelerator:Crystal Barrel (CsI),TAPS (BaF2) forward wall,inner detectors
Eγ ≤ 3.5 GeV,lin. pol.: available,circ. pol.: available
Mainz MAMI accelerator:Crystal Ball (NaJ),TAPS (BaF2) forward wall,inner detectors
Eγ ≤ 1.5 GeV,lin. pol.: available,circ. pol.: available
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011
η-photoproduction off the proton: resonance contributions ?————————————————————————————–branching ratios and elm. couplings (PDG):
state bη [%] Ap1/2 Ap
3/2 An1/2 An
3/2
• D13(1520): 0.23±0.04 -24 166 59 139• S11(1535): 30 - 55 90 -46• S11(1650): 3 - 10 53 -15• D15(1675): 0±1 19 15 -43 -58• F15(1680): 0±1 -15 133 29 -33• D13(1700): 0±1• P11(1710): 6.2±1.0• P13(1720): 4±1
D15(1675) has stronger electromagneticcoupling to neutron than to protonbut parameters quite uncertain:
An1/2=-(21-57), An
3/2=-(30-77)
bη=0-1% (PDG), bη=17% (ETA-MAID, Chiang et al.)
interference structure in S 11-sector?
γp → ηp
1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4
5
10
1520 1 1.5 2 2.5
W / [GeV]
/ [GeV]γ Eb]µ / [ totσ
Data:
• TAPS: B. Krusche et al., PRL74 (1995) 3736• GRAAL: F. Renard et al., PLB528 (2002) 215• CLAS: M. Dugger et al., PRL89 (2002) 222002• Crystal Barrel: V. Crede et al., PRL94 (2005) 012004
⇑⇓
⇑
⇓
S11
S11
D15?
P11, P13
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011
what is expected for n(γ, η)n - why is it interesting?————————————————————————total cross sectionsfor proton and neutronfrom MAID model withand without D 15(1675))
0
10
1500 1600 1700 1800
σ[µu
b]
W[MeV]
full model MAID, protonno D15(1675), proton
full model MAID, neutronno D15(1675), neutron
previous data fromMAMI only at lowerincident photon energies
0.5
1
1.5
700 800 900 1000
σ n/σ p Kaiser et al.
MAID full model
MAID only S11(1535)
d(γ,η)X, σn/σp(Eγ)d(γ,η)X, σn/σp(Eγ)
d(γ,η)X, σn/σp(E*d(γ,η)X, σn/σp(Eγ)
4He(γ,η)X, σn/σp(Eγ)4He(γ,η)X, σn/σp(Eγ)4He(γ,η)X, σn/σp(E
*4He(γ,η)X, σn/σp(Eγ)
Eγ[MeV]
GRAAL experimentreported narrowstructure in neutronexcitation function
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9W,GeV
dσ/d
Ω, a
.u.
0
0.5
1
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9W,GeV
dσ/d
Ω, a
.u.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9W,GeV
dσ/d
Ω, a
.u.
0
0.5
1
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9W,GeV
dσ/d
Ω, a
.u.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9W,GeV
dσ/d
Ω, a
.u.
0
0.5
1
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9W,GeV
dσ/d
Ω, a
.u.
predictions from chiral soliton models: P11-like state of the anti-decuplet hasstrong photon-coupling to the neutron and large ηN decay branching ratio
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011
control over Fermi motion and FSI effects————————————————————–test with help of proton data:
most simple test: comparison of quasi-free proton cross sec tion with Fermifolded free proton cross section - perfect agreement
more detailed: final state kinematically completely determ ined, four-momentaof meson, participant-, and spectator-nucleon known=⇒ W follows from invariant mass of meson and participant nucleo n
momenta of spectator nucleons proton excitation functions σ(W )
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 100 200 300
neutron spectator
coun
ts[a
.u.]
ps[MeV]
datasimulationdeuteron wf.
0 100 200 300 400
proton spectator
0.60.70.80.9
1
2
3
4
56789
10
20
1600 1800 2000 2200
σ[µb
]
W[MeV]
σ(ηp), free proton
σ(ηp), quasi-free proton
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 ELSA
control over detection efficiency of recoil nucleons—————————————————————————η-photoproduction
internal consistency: σincl = σp + σn + (σd)
coherent part σd negligible: σn ≈ σincl − σp
excitation functions σ distribution of differences of dσdΩ
(n), dσdΩ
(incl−p)
1
10
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
σ[µb
]
Eγ[MeV]
σpσn
σnpσp+σn
0.5
1
1.5
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
σ n/(σ
np-σ
p)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5δσi/∆σi
coun
ts
fitted Gauss
σ = 1.25
µ = 0.034
standard Gauss
σ = 1.0
µ = 0.0
no indication of systematic effects from neutron detection efficiency!
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 ELSA
quasifree η-photoproduction off the deuteron—————————————————————–total cross section for γn → ηn from as function of incident photon energy:pronounced structure around Eγ ≈1 GeV
0
5
10
1 1.5 2 2.5
σ[µb
]
Eγ[GeV]
pη
nη*3/2
pη, nη, MAID
1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 W[GeV]
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
σn
σnp-σp
σ[µb
]
0.5
1
1.5
1 1.5 2 2.5
1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 W[GeV]
σn/σp this work
Weiss et al.
Hejny et al.
MAID
Shklyar et al.
Eγ[GeV]
σ n/σ p
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 ELSA
‘de-folding’ of Fermi motion—————————————–
for events with neutron in TAPS(cos (Θ⋆
η) < -0.1)neutron energy from time-of-flight
comparsion: W from photonenergy (Fermi smeared) -W from nucleon - meson4-vectors (resolution smeared)
de-folded proton cross sectionsimilar to free proton,de-folded neutron cross sectionshows structure around 1.7 GeV:
position: W=1683 MeVwidth: Γ=60±10 MeV(resolution dominated)
WB[MeV] WR[MeV]
0
2
4
1500 1600 1700 1800
dσ/d
Ωac
c[µb/
sr]
ηpηn
0
2
4
1500 1600 1700 1800
I. Jaegle et al.,Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 252002
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 ELSA
‘de-folding’ of Fermi motion - kinematical reconstruction———————————————————————————–reaction kinematics completely determined even without ne utron ToF:
• initial state:incident photon and deuteron at restknown/measured: Eγ, md, ~pd = 0
• final state:η, participant, and spectator nucleonknown/measured: ms, mp, Θp, Φp, mη, ~pηnot measured: Tp, ~ps (four variables)
• four constraintsfrom energy/momentum conservation→four-vectors ofparticipant and spectator determined
structure in n excitation functionwidth ≈(25±10) MeV(resolution dominated)
0
5
10
15
1600 1800 2000 2200σ[
µb]
W[MeV]
σ(ηp), free proton
σ(ηp), quasi-free proton
3/2σ(ηn), quasi-free neutron
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1600 1800 2000 2200
σ n/σ p
W[MeV]
I. Jaegle et al., arXiv:1107.2046 (published in Eur. Phys. J . A)
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 ELSA
Fermi de-folded proton and neutron data———————————————————–excitation functions for different bins of polar anglefree proton data ( ⋆): McNicoll et al. PRC 82 (2010); curves: MAID model
cosΘ -1. → -0.5 cosΘ -0.5 → 0. cosΘ 0. → +0.5 cosΘ +0.5 → +1.
1
σ[µb
] σ(ηp)σ(ηn)
1
2
1600 1800
σ n/σ p
1600 1800 1600 1800
W[MeV]1600 1800
‘peak’ in neutron cross section related to‘dip’ in proton cross sections (?)only ‘dip’ reproduced by MAID!
fit with:
dσdΩ = q⋆
k⋆×Σ AiPi(cos(Θ⋆))
-0.5
0
0.5 A1/A0
A3/A0
A2/A0
free proton
-0.5
0
0.5q.f. proton
Ai/A
0
-0.5
0
0.5
1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
q.f. neutron
W[GeV]
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 ELSA
preliminary excitation functions from MAMI————————————————————–
W = f(Eγ) W = f(n, η) ratio σn/σp
[MeV]beamW1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
b]µ [σ
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14pη→pγ
nη→nγ
[MeV]true (kin)W1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
b]µ [σ
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16pη→pγ
nη→nγ
[MeV]true (kin)W1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
pσ / nσ
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
new MAMI data confirm statistical significance of structure b eyond any doubts
correspond to ≈30% of data taken
will allow detailed analysis of angular distributions
width of structures still resolution dominated
D. Werthmuller et al.
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 MAMI
similar results for 3He target——————————————
[MeV]BW1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
b]µ [σ
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Nη→ +NγN Pfeiffer et al.η→ +Nγpη→ +pγnη→ +nγN (from sum)η→ +Nγ
[MeV]RW1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
b]µ [σ
0
2
4
6
8 11 MeV± = 45 Γ
inclusive andexclusivecross sections
quasi-freenucleonsW fromtime-of-flight(only nucleonsin TAPS)
L. Witthauer et al.
[MeV]BW1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
b]µ [σ
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
pη→ +pγ
nη→ +nγ
[MeV]RW1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
b]µ [σ
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
pη→ +pγ
nη→ +nγ
quasi-free nucleon,W from incidentphoton energy
quasi-free nucleon,W from N − ηfinal state
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011 MAMI
Summary————–
narrow structure in excitation function of γn → nη:
GRAAL: W ≈ 1680 MeV, Γ <30 MeV
Tohoku-LNS: W ≈ 1670 MeV, Γ <40 MeV
ELSA: W ≈ 1665 MeV, Γ <40 MeV
MAMI-C: W ≈ 1675 MeV, Γ <50 MeV
MAMI-C, 3He: W ≈ 1650 MeV, Γ <50 MeV
so far no information about quantum numbersof possible resonanceor whatever nature of the structure
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011
measrement of polarization observables under way————————————————————————–
at MAMI data taken for target asymetry T (transversely polarized target anddouble polarization observable F (tranversely polarized target, circularlypolarized beam)
at ELSA double polarization observable E (’GDH’) (longitudinally polarizedtarget, circularly polarized beam)
online results free proton quasi-free proton
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
3/2σ-1/2σweighted
< 150 MeVfermi
p
Conclusions——————-Systematic investigation of meson production——————————————————————
off 2H and 3He———————
η-photoproduction off deuteron:large difference for resonance contributionsto p(γ, η)p and n(γ, η)n
narrow structure in excitation function off neutron
other channels:iso-spin dependence of the elm. nucleon excitation
outlook:quasi-free (double) polarization observables
I. JaegleI. KeshelashviliT. RostomyanM. DieterleA. KaserY. MaghrbiM. OberleF. PheronD. WerthmullerL. WitthauerTh. ChallandR. Trojer
B. Krusche, Erice School, Sicily, 2011