photography 1 art 141 michael yurgeles, instructor lecture 4 in the news review of lecture 3 ...

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PHOTOGRAPHY 1 Art 141 Michael Yurgeles, Instructor Lecture 4 IN THE NEWS REVIEW OF LECTURE 3 HORENSTEIN, CHAPTERS 4&5/WORKBOOK HORENSTEIN, CHAPTERS 6 /LECTURE/DISCUSSI ON American Photography: A Century of Images PHOTOGRAPHERS: Julia Margaret Cameron, Sally Mann HOMEWORK DUE TODAY, February 17, 2014: Reading Horenstein, Chapters 5 & 6 (and complete workbook Chapters 5 & 6) American Photography PBS

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PHOTOGRAPHY 1 Art 141Michael Yurgeles, Instructor Lecture 4

IN THE NEWSREVIEW OF LECTURE 3HORENSTEIN, CHAPTERS 4&5/WORKBOOKHORENSTEIN, CHAPTERS 6 /LECTURE/DISCUSSIONAmerican Photography: A Century of Images

PHOTOGRAPHERS: Julia Margaret Cameron, Sally Mann

HOMEWORK DUE TODAY, February 17, 2014:Reading Horenstein, Chapters 5 & 6(and complete workbook Chapters 5 & 6)

American Photography PBS “The Developing Image”

EXPOSURE IN

THE NEWS

This week we will learn about SHUTTER SPEED and how both APERTURE and SHUTTER SPEED are considered together to determine the correct film exposure in a given lighting environment, and understand why this is critical making good negatives and prints.

F-stops

Alfred Stieglitz. ApplesCan you tell what F-stop may have been used?

Alfred Stieglitz. DancingCan you tell what F-stop may have been used?

Alfred Stieglitz. Georgia O'KeeffeCan you tell what F-stop may have been used?

Ansel Adams. New York.Can you tell what F-stop may have been used?

Helen Levitt. New YorkCan you tell what F-stop may have been used?

SHUTTER SPEED

The markings on the camera are the denominators of a fraction of a second. Example '125 is 1/125 second. In other words it would take 125 of this amount of time to make one second.

Other settings can include “B” for bulb. When your camera is set on B, as long as you hold down the shutter button, the shutter remains open. This is used for long, usually night exposures.

“T” stands for time. When your camera is set on T, you can push the release button once, and the shutter opens, press it again and the shutter closes. Again, this is used for long exposures.

Commonly used shutter speeds range from '60 to '1000. To stop action, use a shutter speed of '125 or higher.

To determine the SLOWEST shutter speed you can shoot at without camera movement, take the FOCAL LENGTH of your lens and divide, 1/X This is the shutter speed you can safely shoot at.

For example, if you were shooting with a 50mm lens, you could hand hold the camera and take the picture at 1/50 second.

Roy DeCarava. Coltrain. Example of low shutter speed.

Fast shutter speed. 1/1000 second

Panning-moving your camera with the subject.

EXPOSUREThis is directly linked to the amount of light hitting a given film.It is determined by the ISO of the film, the aperture, and the shutter speed.Exposure is determined by measuring the light in a scene with aLIGHT METER. Most 35mm cameras have light meters build in, although there are also hand held meters

Equivalent exposures marked on a light meter.

Light meters give a correct reading in a scene where objects reflect 18% of the light hitting them, or coming from them.

What you see. What the camera meter sees. 18% gray.

WHERE DO I START?

-TIME (SHUTTER) PRIORITY why?

Common speeds: '60

'125

-APERTURE PRIORITY why?

Common apertures: f/ 2.8f/5.6

'250 '500

f/8 f/16

The light meter measures the light in a given scene- allowing

you and/or the camera to determine a correct exposure.This is done with a number of

kinds of displays.

Matched needle metering as seen through viewfinder.

You can set your camera to over or under expose by -2 to +2 stops for special lighting situations.

EQUIVALENT EXPOSURES

There are usually more than one combination of shutter speeds and apertures you can use to get a good

exposure.

For example f/8 at 1/125 second = f/11 at 1/60 second

Real world exposure examples....

Ansel Adams. Leaves

A well made print.

Negative from which the Adams print was made. Note the range of tones.

Exposure Problems: An Over Exposed Negative

Incorrectly exposed negative. Too much exposure yielding a “dense” negative.

Print from over exposed negative.

Under exposed negative.

Note enough exposure. Note lack of information, and contrast.

Print from under exposed negative.

Ansel Adams, 1902-1984