photographic guide to common mosquitoes of florida · have multiple branches thorn-like comb scales...
TRANSCRIPT
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PHOTOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO COMMON
MOSQUITOES OF FLORIDA
by Michele M. Cutwa and George F. O’Meara University of Florida
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
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QUICK GUIDE TO MOSQUITO GENERA—larvae
' artificial container or treehole habitat (occasionally bromeliads)
siphon present with pecten
ONE hair tuft beyond pecten
anal segment not completely ringed by saddle, or if ringed, not pierced by ventral brush
AEDES / OCHLEROTATUS
' usually sits on top of water resembling a twig, swims in a ‘stiff’ manner siphon absent
abdomen has palmate hair
ANOPHELES
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' move very quickly - any habitat
siphon present with pecten
TWO or more hair tufts beyond pecten
comb scales in more than one row
CULEX
COQUILLETTIDIA
saddle does NOT have precratal setae
siphon pointed with teeth
antennae have 2 short bristles
' found on roots of aquatic plants
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saddle has precratal setae
siphon pointed with teeth
antennae with 2 long bristles
' found on roots of aquatic plants
MANSONIA
DEINOCERITES
only has 2 small, bud-like gills
lateral head pouches
' only found in saltwater crab holes
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ORTHOPODOMYIA
reddish color, with dark black head and siphon
2 rows of comb scales
PSOROPHORA
siphon present with pecten
ONE hair tuft beyond pecten
anal segment completely ringed by saddle, which IS pierced by ventral brush
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' predatory on other species
large, dark, robust mosquito
head quadrate
TOXORHYNCHITES
lateral plate on segment VIII
head longer than wide
head has 4 stout spines
segment VIII has plate with row of teeth
URANOTAENIA
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' found in bromeliads
cream colored body, entire length of intes-tine brown and visible
WYEOMYIA
CORETHRELLA
small, orange-pink color
triangular head
' not a mosquito, a predator of small mosquito larvae
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QUICK GUIDE TO MOSQUITO GENERA—adults
AEDES / OCHLEROTATUS
ANOPHELES
palps are as long as the proboscis
basal bands on abdomen
has postspiracular setae, no prespiracular setae
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CULEX
antenna about the same size as the proboscis
legs dark, no bands no prespiracular or postspiracular setae
COQUILLETTIDIA
no prespiracular or postspiracular setae
1st tarsal segment has median pale ring
wing scales large, speckled light and dark
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MANSONIA
apex of abdomen blunt, cut-off
postspiracular setae present
antennae have white scales at flagellomere joints
wing scales large, light and dark, ends of scales blunt, cut-off
hind legs have narrow basal bands
DEINOCERITES
antennae longer than proboscis
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ORTHOPODOMYIA
large light and dark scales on wings scutum has nar-
row lines of pale scales
no prespiracular or postspiracular setae
hindlegs have white apical and basal bands
PSOROPHORA
has apical abdominal bands
has prespiracular and postspiracular setae
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TOXORHYNCHITES
very LARGE, colorful mosquito
long, strongly recurved proboscis
URANOTAENIA
end of proboscis swelled
iridescent blue scales on wing iridescent
blue scales on thorax
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WYEOMYIA
line down side of abdo-men separating light and dark scales
proboscis dark, palps very short
wings dark scaled
legs dark
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SPECIES PAGES
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AEDES Aedes aegypti
strong, black hooks on sides of thorax
pitchfork- shaped comb scales in 1 row
pupa paddles have ‘stubble’
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AEDES Aedes aegypti
scutum has lyre-shaped silvery-white scales
palps have silvery-white scales at the tips
proboscis is dark
clypeus has white scales
wing scales are dark
legs have white basal bands
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Aedes albopictus
tiny hooks, or no hooks on side of thorax
straight thorn-like comb scales in 1 row
pupae paddles are ‘hairy’
AEDES
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Aedes albopictus AEDES
scutum has one silvery-white stripe down the middle
wing scales are dark
palps have silvery-white scales at the tips
clypeus is black
legs have white basal bands, tarsal segment 5 is entirely white
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AEDES Aedes vexans
side hairs on abdominal segments III–V double or triple
upper and lower head hairs have multiple branches
thorn-like comb scales in roughly 2 rows
4 gills; longer than anal segment, all the same length
anal segment not completely ringed by saddle
pecten teeth not evenly spaced, last tooth more widely spaced
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AEDES Aedes vexans
abdomen has pale basal bands with an inverted ‘V’- shaped notch
palps and proboscis dark
wing scales dark
legs have narrow basal bands
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ANOPHELES Anopheles crucians
head hair #3 multibranched
palmate hairs on abdomen
hairs #0 & #2 on segments IV & V multi-branched
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ANOPHELES Anopheles crucians
palps have white rings
proboscis dark
costal margin dark apical pale patch on wing
3 dark patches on 6th vein
legs dark, some-times with pale ‘knee’ spots
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ANOPHELES Anopheles quadrimaculatus
head hair #3 multibranched
hair #0 single and smaller than hair #2 on segments IV & V
palmate hair on abdomen
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ANOPHELES Anopheles quadrimaculatus
frontal tuft has pale setae palps predominantly
dark, no rings
knob of halter dark scaled
wing scales light and dark, arranged in 4 distinct dark spots
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ANOPHELES Anopheles walkeri
frontal tuft has dark setae only palps have narrow
white rings
knob of halter pale scaled
wing scales entirely dark, sometimes with 4 darker spots (similar to, but less distinct than An. quadrimaculatus)
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COQUILLETTIDIA Coquillettidia perturbans
proboscis has wide light-scaled band
palps ‘speckled’ with light and dark scales
prespiracular and postspiracular setae absent
wings speckled with light and dark scales; wing scales broad, rounded on end
hind legs have white basal bands
1st tarsal segment has a medial pale ring
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CULEX Culex biscaynensis
extremely long, thin, needle-like siphon
spikes on end of anal segment
' bromeliad-specialist; only found near Coral Gables
many stellate hairs on abdomen
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CULEX Culex biscaynensis
LONG dark palps; dark proboscis
thorax light colored, usually without scales
abdomen dark scaled with light-colored lateral patches
wing scales dark, narrow
legs dark
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CULEX Culex declarator
upper and lower head hairs have 3 branches
gills short, nearly equal in length
row of pecten teeth has slight spiral twist
siphon has only THREE pairs of hair tufts, one is offset
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Culex declarator CULEX
dark brown spots create ‘striped’ pattern
small patches of white scales
palps and proboscis dark
abdomen dark scaled
lateral white patches on abdomen
wing scales narrow, dark
legs dark
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CULEX Culex erraticus
multiple hair tufts on siphon long, thin siphon
sub-dorsal setae present
hair strongly curved
antennae have large white area, dark on end
' 4th abdominal segment clear
lower head hair single, upper head hair short and branched
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CULEX Culex erraticus
small, dark mosquito
dark thorax has patches of broad pale scales on the mesepimeron and the mesokatepisternum
has a narrow line of broad, flat, ovate pale scales bordering eye margin
palps and proboscis dark
wing scales dark, narrow
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CULEX Culex nigripalpus
long non-bulbous siphon, 6x width
single (sometimes dou-ble) hairs, no tufts
lower head tufts with 3-4 branches
' thorax with fine spicules ' single hair extending from saddle
4th segment of 1st instar clear
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CULEX Culex nigripalpus
usually no scales on side of thorax, if present in groups <6
no bands on abdomen, dark-scaled
abdomen has triangular pale-scaled patches when viewed from the side–most prominent on segments V-VII
legs dark, no bands
wing scales dark and narrow
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CULEX Culex pilosus
antennae longer than head, large tuft
head broad
ovoid gills on ventral side of head
8 pairs of long tufts on siphon, first two pairs inserted within pecten
preapical spine curved
siphon strongly upcurved
comb scales in single curved row; long, thorn-like
gills two different lengths
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CULEX Culex pilosus
proboscis and palps dark, palps short
abdomen dark scaled, with bronze or blue-green reflection thorax dark
brown with only a few pale scales
Lighter area covering upper 2/3 of the mesepimeron
wing scales narrow, dark
legs dark, sometimes with blue-green reflection
' very small mosquito
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CULEX Culex quinquefasciatus
short, bulbous siphon, 4x width
two sets of hair tufts on siphon (5 or more branches)
single hair extending from saddle
lower head tufts with 5 or more branches
caudal setae not widely separated in 1st instar
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CULEX Culex quinquefasciatus
broad M-shaped bands on abdomen, most prominent on segments IV & V
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CULEX Culex restuans
lower head tufts, 5 or more branches
hair tuft in middle of antennae
' single hair extending from saddle
Siphon short, bulbous, 4-5x width
single hairs on siphon, 2nd hair offset
DOUBLE hair extending from inside of anal segment
clear crescent anterior to egg breaker
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CULEX Culex restuans
hind legs dark
wings dark
palps and proboscis dark
scutum copper colored with 2 pale spots (sometimes absent)
thorax has patches of white scales
white basal bands on the abdomen
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CULEX Culex salinarius
lower head tufts, 4 or more branches
DOUBLE hair extending from saddle
multiple hairs on siphon, 3rd hair (double) offset
siphon long, non-bulbous, 7x width
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CULEX Culex salinarius
patches of scales on sides of tho-rax, patches have >6 scales
reddish mosquito
proboscis dark
abdomen has golden basal bands, segment VII golden scaled
wing scales dark
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CULEX Culex territans
head hair C is single
long, thin siphon
no sub-dorsal setae
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CULEX Culex territans
narrow APICAL bands on abdomen
palps and proboscis dark
wing scales dark
legs dark
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DEINOCERITES Deinocerites cancer
lateral pouches on sides of head
many comb scales
only has 2 bud-like gills
has dorsal and ventral sclerotized plates
found in saltwater crab holes
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antennae longer than proboscis
DEINOCERITES Deinocerites cancer
legs dark
wing scales narrow, brown
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MANSONIA Mansonia dyari
subsiphon hair has 3 or 4 long, weakly-barbed branches
comb scales are broad with many spines
hairs on anal segment have more than 2 branches
pupal trumpets long, pointed pupal paddles long and
narrow
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MANSONIA Mansonia dyari
palps not more than 1/3 as long as proboscis, ‘club-like’
wings speckled with large light and dark scales
wing scales broad, cut off at tip
hind legs have narrow pale basal bands
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MANSONIA Mansonia titillans
comb scales are very long, thorn-like
gills short, rounded
subsiphon hair has 2 or 3 long, strongly-barbed branches
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MANSONIA Mansonia titillans
palps almost 1/2 as long as proboscis, ‘stem-like’
hind legs have narrow pale basal bands
the end of abdominal segment VII has a row of short dark spines (you must remove overlying scales to find these)
wings speckled with large light and dark scales; scales broad, cut off at tip
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus bahamensis
saddle has spines on caudal margin
gills two different lengths
stellate hair tufts on thorax and abdomen
' found in Broward/Dade counties
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus bahamensis
scutum has multiple golden and silvery-white scaled lines
palps white tipped; proboscis dark
wing scales dark, narrow
legs dark with white basal bands
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus fulvus pallens
medium-sized yellow mosquito
scutum yellow with 2 large black spots
yellow scales on the wing
palps and proboscis yellow with black tips
legs predominately yellow scaled, with some black patches; lower tarsal segments usually dark
abdomen yellow scaled with dark apical patches
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus infirmatus
upper and lower head hairs single
15-22 thorn-like comb scales in a patch
anal segment completely ringed by saddle
gills taper to a point; all the same length; longer than the anal segment
pecten evenly spaced; hair tuft beyond pecten
pre-apical spine not more than 1/2 as long as the apical pecten tooth
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus infirmatus
scutum has broad white patch that reaches from the anterior margin to just beyond the middle
abdomen dark scaled with basal triangular patches of white scales
wing scales dark
palps and proboscis dark
legs dark
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus sollicitans
thorn-like comb scales in patch
multiple hairs on center of antenna
gills variable in length, usually shorter than anal segment
siphon short 2-2.5x width, pecten reaches middle
' breeds in saltmarshes and coastal areas
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus sollicitans
palps white tipped
white ring at middle of proboscis
thorax covered with many narrow white scales
wings have narrow white and dark scales
legs have white basal bands, white band in middle of 1st tarsal segment
abdomen has white basal bands with a medial longitudinal stripe (or patch) of white scales
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus
' breeds in saltmarshes and coastal areas
siphon short, less than 2x width
apically rounded comb scales in patch
gills short, bluntly rounded, usually shorter than anal segment
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus
abdomen has white basal bands
palps are white-tipped
white ring at middle of proboscis
wing scales dark
no ring at middle of first tarsal segment
legs have white basal bands
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus tormentor
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus triseriatus
thorn-like comb scales in uneven row
gills are short, two different lengths
' common in treeholes, and artificial containers near wooded areas
pupa paddles have ‘stubble’
paddles more oblong than Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti
trumpet very dark
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OCHLEROTATUS Ochlerotatus triseriatus
scutum dark, no lines or patterns of white scales
patch of white scales along edge of scutum
many patches of silvery white scales on thorax
proboscis and palps are dark
wing scales are dark
legs are dark, no white bands
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ORTHOPODOMYIA Orthopodomyia signifera
abdominal segment VII has a large sclerotized plate
gills two different lengths
two rows of comb scales, one row has much longer comb scales than the other
hair tuft on siphon multi-branched (5-7 branches)
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ORTHOPODOMYIA Orthopodomyia signifera
scutum has narrow longitudinal lines of white scales, very ‘hairy’
thorax has several patches of narrow white scales
occiput has ovate white scales
proboscis and palps predominately dark with some white scales
wings speckled with large white and dark scales
base of wing vein 4+5 usually with a patch of pale scales
legs have white apical and basal bands
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PSOROPHORA Psorophora ciliata
head quadrate; top of head concave
antennae about 1/3 as long as the head
pecten teeth are long and hair-like
single hair beyond pecten
12-16 thorn-like comb scales in 1 curved row
hair on anal segment with 3-4 branches
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PSOROPHORA Psorophora ciliata
scutum has longitudinal stripe of gold scales
palps about 1/3 as long as proboscis
proboscis yellowish, dark at tip
wing scales dark
legs are ‘shaggy’ with white basal bands
very large mosquito
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PSOROPHORA Psorophora columbiae
lower head hairs have more than 4 branches and are shorter than the antennae
head more broad than long
6 thorn-shaped comb scales gills longer than anal segment and pointed
siphon slightly bulbous with 3–6 pecten teeth
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apical half of abdomi-nal segments have pale scales
palps are dark with a white tip
proboscis has a wide pale-scaled band in the middle
wings have light and dark scales with no distinctive pattern
tarsal segments have basal bands; 1st tarsal segment also has a pale band at the middle
PSOROPHORA Psorophora columbiae
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PSOROPHORA Psorophora ferox
antennae longer than median length of the head
long gills taper to a point; all the same length 6–8 thorn-like comb scales
with strong subapical spines
siphon bulbous
3–5 widely spaced pecten teeth
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PSOROPHORA Psorophora ferox
tarsal segments 4 & 5 white (white ‘booties’)
legs shaggy, mostly dark and purplish
scutum dark with some golden scales,;no distinct pattern
thorax with dark and whitish scales
wing scales dark and narrow
palps and proboscis dark
abdomen dark with a purplish reflection
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PSOROPHORA Psorophora johnstonii
antennae about as long as the head
four pointed gills, all the same length
5-7 thorn-like comb scales with strong spines
siphon bulbous; with 3-8 widely spaced pecten teeth
4-6 ‘fan-like’ precratal setae on anal segment
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TOXORHYNCHITES Toxorhynchites rutilus
quadrate head
no comb scales, lateral plate with 2 spines
' large predatory species, common in tree-holes, also found in artificial containers and bromeliads
spines on edge of saddle
short, ‘bud’-like gills
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TOXORHYNCHITES Toxorhynchites rutilus
sides of thorax with silvery-white, iridescent blue and purple scales
iridescent blue scales on occiput & antepronotum
palps long and dark with iridescent purple scales
proboscis very long and sharply curved downward
legs have iridescent purple scales, tips white
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URANOTAENIA Uranotaenia lowii
upper thorax hair tuft (#3) has 4-8 branches and is more than half the length of long hair #1
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URANOTAENIA Uranotaenia lowii
scutum dark thorax has a few patches of iridescent blue scales and a dark spot
short stripe of blue scales on wing
apical patches of iridescent scales on abdomen end of hindlegs white (‘booties’)
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URANOTAENIA Uranotaenia sapphirina
upper thorax hair tuft (#3) has 8 to 10 branches and is less than half the length of long hair #1
side hairs on segments I & II triple
head with 4 strong spines
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URANOTAENIA Uranotaenia sapphirina
proboscis dark, fat at tip
longitudinal stripe of iridescent sapphire blue scales on scutum
sapphire blue scales on side of thorax
long stripe of blue scales on wing leg almost completely dark except for small white patch on apex of femur and tibia (like knee bands)
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WYEOMYIA Wyeomyia mitchellii
short tuft of branched hair on saddle
long hairs on saddle pairs of TWO
siphon short with many single hairs
shorter, wider gills than Wy. vanduzeei
no patches on 2nd or 3rd abdominal segments
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WYEOMYIA Wyeomyia mitchellii
scales on antepronotum dark purple or black
palps and proboscis dark
wing scales dark, narrow
middle legs dark with white on last few tarsal segments
hind legs dark
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WYEOMYIA Wyeomyia vanduzeei
pupae have cir-cular pig-mented areas on 2nd and 3rd abdominal seg-ments
siphon long, thin and with few hairs
long hairs on saddle pairs of FOUR
long simple hairs on saddle, no tuft
Longer, narrower gills
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WYEOMYIA Wyeomyia vanduzeei
scales on antepronotum silvery white
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to thank Dr. Richard F. Darsie Jr. for his expertise in mosquito identification and useful comments on this guide. We thank Hilda Lynn for mos-quito collection, aid in adult identification and helpful comments. We thank James Newman for editing the Deinocerites cancer larvae and pupa photo-graphs, Jorge Rey for uploading the website, and Austin W. Francis Jr. for ad-vice on photographic techniques and technical assistance. We would also like to thank the many people who have helped collect mos-quitoes for this key... Hilda Lynn, Sara Lynn, Carol Thomas, Sheila O'Connell, Jorge Rey, Billi Wagner and Judy Knight (FMEL); Donald Shroyer (Indian River County Mosquito Control); and David DeMay (Florida Keys Mosquito Control District).
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REFERENCES
all photographs by Michele M. Cutwa University of Florida—IFAS Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
Breeland, S.G. and T.M. Loyless. 1989. Illustrated Keys to the Mosquitoes of Florida: Adult Females and fourth stage larvae. 2nd Ed. Entomology Services, Jacksonville, FL. Carpenter, S.J., Middlekauff, W.W. and R.W. Chamberlain. 1946. The mosquitoes of the Southern United States East of Oklahoma and Texas. The University Press. Notre Dame, ID. Darsie, R.F. and C.D. Morris. 1998. Keys to the adult females and fourth instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Florida (Diptera, Culicidae). Bulletin of the Florida Mosquito Control Association Number 1.